TASK.1.

With a partner, look at the picture and answer

the questions:

a- List the names of the items in the picture.

b- What do they have in common (what are they used for)?

TASK.2. Skim the passage below and answer the questions. Work in pairs.
1- How many types of fasteners are there? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2- What are fasteners used for? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Fasteners do different jobs and they are made of different materials. Fasteners vary in types,
designs, and functions. They also vary in strengths and weaknesses. Common fasteners are nails,
screws, bolts, clamps, and rivets.
Nails are used to easily put two pieces of wood together. They are manufactured in a variety of
shapes, sizes, and metals to complete almost any fastening job. Most commonly, nails are made
of steel, but other types are available for use where corrosion could occur. In addition, nails are
manufactured with coatings to prevent rusting and to increase their holding power.
Screws provide more strength and holding power than nails. Additionally, if something needs to
be disassembled, screws can easily be removed. Like nails, screws are available with different
coatings to deter rust. They are manufactured with four basic heads: flathead, oval-head,
roundhead, and fillister-head screws. Most screws have slot heads and are driven with slotted, or
standard, screwdrivers. Phillips-head screws have crossed slots and are driven with Phillips
screwdrivers.
Bolts are used with nuts and often with washers. The three basic types are carriage bolts, stove
bolts, and machine bolts. Other types include the masonry bolt and anchor, toggle bolt, and
expansion bolt, which are used to distribute weight when fastening something to a hollow wall.
Machine bolts are manufactured in two gauges: fine-threaded and coarse.
Clamps are not as common household tools, though it is very popular with woodworkers. Clamps
are useful when holding or gluing materials such as wood, paper, plastic, or some metals. Spring
clamps provide light clamping pressure when gluing; bar and pipe clamps hold larger components
in place; and web clamps tighten around large materials with softer nylon webbing. Most clamps
have a face and an adjustable screw.
TASK.3. Comprehension questions:
1. What are fasteners? Give examples. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Which fastener has more strength nails or screws? Why? ……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

3. Name 4 different types of bolts. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

4. How many types of screwdrivers are mentioned in the reading? …………………………………………………………………….

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TASK.4. With a partner, look at the pictures below and compare them.
 Remember to ask your partner follow up questions like:
- Which one is the best for your future job?
- Which is the easiest to use?