Than Roads Congres Publication St GUIDELINES FOR LOAD TESTING OF BRIDGES Publis by ‘The Indian Roads Coagess Copies ca be had fom The Seow, Indian Roads Congrst Jamaagar Hse Sahahan Road NEW DELI 1999 Price Rs, 80% (ee pane otFist Paided ste 199 ep Sete, 2005 (igh of Pbltion and of ratio are Rese) Pit t Dee Kay Pir New Del 1105 ‘cide (GUIDELINES FOR LOAD TESTING OF BRIDGES CONTENTS CComposion of Beige ‘Speciation & Standards Comminee Background Intdston Type of Tes Seope “ex Pocedoes ‘Acceptance Crteia Page oow 2 3 aese 1999 MEMBERS OF THE nuupee srecutcarIONS ‘AND STANDARDS COMMITTER (asen 2.93097) ‘Geet ty ug Wh 1 sxcuney Aoi rt to Ritoneaner San M1 De SK. Tar Falghr aon ge ny soneame SAREE Ee mameat oo os ce aa —— Reaai aan RRs Reema, cr aie ‘Snr Oration Lacie 2201 tro Se ‘es Aa ta ag Bd 0 aIResrst- 1999 Sheet Tm tol Wh ee tenence eer ene Be Sa eign R48 BPS ag a hee, echidna Seamer eon Esme opie coment Me oy |. Bridge Maintenance and Rehabilitation Commie (B-10) set ‘pin 1991 had denied and fomed a sb.grovp to prepare he dato “Guiselies for Load Testing of Bridge’ The newly consid (B-10) Commitee 1998-96) reviewed the work done by subgroup fn Br, ‘meting beld on the 26 Apel, 199% ‘The gudsines deatedby sab group comprising of Sarvs MB, ao (Convenor), AD. Narain, CV. Kand and MR. Kachiwaha were spproved bythe Bridge Maltenance and Rehabilitation Committee (B10) in is meeting held on the 20% Noverber 1996 st Mamba, Ths esoooel of the Bridge Malatenance and Rebabitation Commies (0) ate given below: AG. Bortar coy DX. Kanre © Member Secretary secens PC. Bhasin De TN, Sobba Rao 8S. Chakmbory patna MK. Chater Dein SG. Jose Eee CY Kad Sujet Singh PY. Manjre De MG, Tembankse NN. Merah ‘Mabesh Tandon OD. Mobinds eee Cs Director BAS, RDSO, Lucknow President, RE ‘Sh MS, Garam, Coie Engineer, Panjab PWD B&R, Pai Sh AD. Nari, Dietor General (oad Developmen ‘All. Sey, MOSD, Sh. SC. Sharma, Chit Engines, Most Hon. Teaser, IRC Secretary, IRCDe, VK. Raion eee MK. Saxena a MA, Vingyak Fer the Goidctines were considered and approved Bridge “Speciation & Standards Commies ine mecng hel! a New Dei cp 3roat the Excenive Commies oa 29.197 and the Counil on S38. 1.2.7 eidtine will ony give procedore for full-sedged ood testing of dpe toperstctre naan recommendation fr acepaneo ‘hurd Topte of the Hlatonarociated with fad tesing of badass, {femchod ompemens satu nly and also fits assent Uline serve) sng, Soch load sing sould not be considered “Trouune egecmen and shouldbe reared to cnly on case specie basis The toning iv done mainly #9 assess the flexural pacity, wherein efomaton in sapersactues can be measured ety with esonahe CEUIn Bien we rly tested for shear suength evaluation de 1 Sfuotee of veloble metod of monitoring extemely smal tains and Srideing of shear cocks IRC’s Bridge Maintenance & Rebbilitaion Commitee (B10) as already sme Guidelines for Evalaton of Load Canying Capacity of ‘Biiges av IRC: SP2 37. These guidelines deal with ran of bridges for Sard TRC ve loads speed IRC: 6. Tn these iene aati tthod oad testing meting and corlton metbod se recommended, Felon eng meted esommensoonly when constuction davies TRU Speciation eignally followed are aallble. The testing load © tune fr rtingof ridge are othe IRs standard rie fangs [ot wb fom amongst hoe eoxamercialy vale, Normal th test etl wl be chosen asthe ext evi vebile than the predominantly Tey vehicle resesly ping ove the edge. The splication of loud {Soveea very sal atone drag which th eevant formations 2 = me This eg of rag of edges er cove wen {ret hen rl ewer ine Bt en cy : rig is to aceon he bec tein of alte o whee aif ofcnstan i sapete Be ook “ps i ag es fe pe hs be rad Id Sch nd eng ssl beempoyed nen canna ces ‘open. Aine ting of ties by he plato of Sng ne iadr manor ee es ay olde tobe tin dhs mace Ts a tence betes J ad sng eninge in TRS. 37an en ig se fulness tio oft ridge bere the sper enc ar ln hy ened Sva e o Pevod fy 28 hous nd th late perfrmance fe Badge Sk ‘Temoval of the test load can be observed. = ‘he load tess on bridges could be clase unde five heads (@) Behaviour Tes (0) Proof Load Tests (6) Sues History Tes (@)Ulinte Lod Tests (6) Diagnostic Tests ‘The Belaviour Tests are cared out t vesify the resus of any rmcthod of aaa or design, Ths et todo miss or sg.Thete olde qa erloer an cng Pot ond Tee te mre commonly see for operation of bigs, The es ae dane on new scares Which fad dey or constacton problem or forthe rang ofan exsing bridge sca 0 Hy Te ci ts i sess ns naga ron se fies Te Saha sis of ple ac ed ane aga The Ultimate Lond Tests are pesfomed to understand the globalteaviou when sien sonia noldge notable co predic the aetralpecorance. Te es provide valsble information egatng the sequence and mode of failure, haviour of ‘The Diagnostic Teste are mean 19 monitor the componcat ofa bie either tetas he cause of damage oi bare {Ruut of lads when suficient theoretical analy st developed eye ape, pteaion nd tino sort ea decided orbs of ectve and eauaion procedure. Each en eugene coo Tal nd aoe ear outrun Sl ret Lan Tx “These mets de ith Proof Loa Tet Thay cover sing of apenas eager vation of ei esa ape. [RENE car capnty font coder. Thi est ited © Tho one fond arin eget of ge senor 443, Seaton of Span Ia case of sew mulispan bridges, minimum one ob of 1S spans ould be chen for lon esting, the maim chose beng two BED {he wel pumber of spans exceeds 15 42. Method of Loading 442.1, The method of loading shold be such a8 10 eter sina the specific Cs of veicle or iadoe i the members) he eaued Foren vi the bending moments at ericl ets ‘Te tes os may be ite Frm of ~ mobile test veites: ~ sii ouds on wheoleak imprints of the specie class of vehicle Tor ich he bride i to De rate ~ ste ons on configuration whieh proces the cleulated force Jno member) under te 422. Test Vehicle The vege of commercial vehicles has boon recommen in para 6 of IRC: SP: 37. Te ehiclessndoe dee alr, de uniformly ded with preveghed wats He concrete cubes or sand Sci onsines andthe ane bas determined on weigh idpes. However, {he commercial vies do not producs the expeced loaf fda Ioasings. Use of speil est vehicles won he idea. The advange of special tt vehicles s thar they can be moved on and the stuctare ‘ikl. 423, State Loads 4231, Simulation ofthe speefe IRC vehi: The load eect on «spancan be roduc balding up preneighed units on adng imprints Spaced as po col provisions. The Imprin are bitter with Bik ‘mason econ pd old se sections Placed aces pus of igri, So at plarms could be but o a group of fur its or placement of peweished uit. The area of each platform depends on he magne fof he oad ad wit weigitof invidunt A preweighed unit normally ‘comprises sand si led nny buss, coacele cubes, ck te, which an be cared manually. Otterwite, lage concrete blsks, ontiers of ‘ster (ston) balls ste igots col be used f mechanical Randi Face ore avallble to loud ad lod tem frm test vehicles, Fig shows scome for big op 2 lanes of IRC Class A Tending onthe caragewny of abridge. The loads are placed eccentially om the uragevay of abridge i sch «way Uhl maximum bending moment 5 produced in any Tonal 4232. Other types of static loads: Any configuration sich prodoes th design forces ad eft nthe members) calle dep, {oe instance uniformly dtu loud. Any of the spproprate methods of oad esiibuon bacon the pirders can he aoe ining the test load and configraton onthe spun, Bi the metho titionFea = ry pas er of leads shoul be the same at adopted nthe approved desgn. Howe Uther the approved designe are ot avalible the ove of the Boge hovld speci the appropiate mato fla tuto, Inthe case oF tiotiple ede, spose that he design moments ae siulaneousy induce i more than one gids Tt mny wil hapoen hat the aide of the test od on the span is reat than that ofthe espn TRC veil, at the forces induced in any member shouldbe aways equ Yo he ‘pes design force ofthe load test. 43, Loading and Ualoudng Sequence 43.1. The test lad shall be ape in tages so ha tmety ato, suck stopping the et, can Be taken f ary uotwan sess served any stages In most cases, the design Ive Jad effect would be eq 0 orl than that ve fo dead load. The dea oad is already acing ad ‘he tit lod is some specified mete of ive José moe tha oo The sugges stages of ts Toad placement are 30 par cet, 50 percent, 70 recat 80 pr cont 0 per cat and 100 percent Unloading shold also ‘ein th same sage. The ext nremenil londng shold be added only ater the dfectons under the peious load have stabilised anal te Siulated observations af completed 432. Me sletion of first stage of long depends on the genera onion of bridge and the oad caring cxpacty heresy assessed, Ieisadvsahe ro moniter he appearice and widening of esa racks every Sige oflncng, 6 45 decide tou placement of extinct Tou. is expected that he loa defection charset every increment srclinearand any aboemal behaviour etd inthe lad vs dflection aa If the deflection observed excosde the limi presrbed i he code the fuer foding sal be slopped.Subsequeat ations shal be aka it enstaion wth appropri authors. Oseusionaly, cackling sounds atthe locations of expansion joints are heard when theron capaci is exeeeded, parcel, in balanced cantlover bridges. Salling of ehminaed concrete is so possible dering load tse, 44, Preparatory Work ~All visa defects shoul be mesure, mapped and ple, Ie shouldbe entre ta essing ae functoo Expansion 2s, pits should be clad of all debs ~ Tew be uel to lve the surface of the superstactuse «coat of white wash 5 that appearance of cracks becomes imedily ere, 45, Precautions ~ Stang shouldbe sable and efe ‘Staging for instruments and that for obsess should be quite snependent. + Staging for inseumeas shoud be rigid + Dee co temperature change, the supesrctre may ted 19 hog sg therefore shouldbe easurdtat when ti acer, contact wit tbe spindle of he dia gage i not lost. Spindle extensions Should be fied to ake cane of ts During the 24 hour retention peti of tit wp Jad, cre shall be taken to over the puemeghed nits with arpa, that ino tong Winds do no fet the sacking on the platforms46, Obseretions ‘The flowing shold be observe, measured and recorded at coular intervals of one Hout over a period of 24 hours etecsins a cal sctions (or instance for simply spore Sans at mid-pan and at quater span, n bx pres, wil be ef to veotd defections unde each of the extemal Hs). + pearance ofcracks andthe development, gt, wth ction, ‘intaon cole with lad = deformation of bearings ambient emgeratae and related temperature inthe body ofthe 4.7, Measurement of Defetions Delctions could be measured with the follwing devices: Dial gauges ©) Ree and eusoe (@)_Detecometrs (@ Precision level (@) Water level ‘Tae mathods (a) () could be wsod wherever dy bos vale ‘nde the Span. Oterise, methods () and (6) ean be used by using a ‘etereoce station tthe ety sburmen, When gder bridges are aed {0 oud tet i eset to clear debs in the expansion ga and Inbal tel baring to perme tanslaion and otatonal ovement te pan, “The deflection measrerent canbe dane hy suspesio ite method tthe require locaons using dal gauges (Fg 2). In tis mesos testes ports 5 mall wold be embeded in frm ground and dal anes ® "Sepia em rc etn sa fleas count 001 mm ae clamped to them. Te spades of the dist z2oges reconnected by a pai of alas in pam line wth a GI or var ‘tre. The wie made aut by aching a weight atthe end. The med ould be partly modified by using a steel) scale and edison instead of dat _gvge, when the otdor of angie deflection exceeds 100 mim Fg. 2 tke shows the scale and cursor method for measusient of large ‘lotions. 48, Procedure for Temperature Correction A set of thermocouples ae to be fted st diferent loetons of defection measurement for monitoring temper ofthe bridge deck, fn sence of thermocouples, band held astument could be wsed wherein 1 probe could be iasred in preformed ole fn concrete urs, for recording temperature. AS lst resort, thermometer coo alo be Suspended trom wets sed for defection messuremert to measure the Sade tempenture. Te numberof thermocoapesteromster/eobes sed could be shout haf the ttal numer af loestion for defection‘The sopersietire tends to hog o gee 0 vari in abet tenperatre and iis necessary 1 apply coection the deflection data ee ‘ang tat Tn text. This since the draton of lading or unloading wot ‘operon i sac load est could be for 4-5 hour. For thie purpose, the paforms on masomy imprints mes fr ig tata shouldbe placed in respective psions for aber, thermal reponse of the brie deck peor to lod text. The deecon ‘les and ambient temperature daa are genrly collected from wa (ochsk fortwo or thre eonsecutvedaysat I ourinerals The temperate ‘5 defecon data ae cllected on these days and cure deeva for ech ton iat age eaten), whic taken a ase cave for temperate oreo. Usaly the temperatre-dflecton charactensie would be best bund Hom a chistr of eadings. The deli edn aan Iccaon snd temperature dang loud ext sper imposed on the ase ce, The difference hetween the two valies svete tne deflection for the Leation under reference, cresponding othe tame Lempert Fre. shows typical characteristic of thermal respons, sper imposed 00 Toad va deflection data during pool wet Precaution ‘The bridge deck tempertre gets affected due co variation In humiiy and song winds om the de. Also, he data gathered on sunny and clovdy days would te deen, although the ambient temperature is Therefore, to avd ncomitences inthe data iis preferable 19 oos two identical pan, oe for loa et andthe other for tompertte- ‘Sef dct sod should be onioed ulzneccaly. This Spproach ede thefta perod of Toad texting by at least toys. 49, Correction for Rotation of ler ‘The defection dua of cantever span bridges and hose wih all piers ff elective mgt radius of sya rao $O and above) need furter conection die to rotation of te per. Te rotation could be smeaaued with eomitr mounted the hasimerbetd portion for 0canter bridges dely over the pir. The clinometer is inly sto ‘ao loa’ condition and ras at ineremental lade ean be medauod iret ‘The oat of he pers cou als be messed with coleme of sia gages pce across he dep of perm fed distances Move tan fone colbmn of dil gages would be required to measusroton of ‘itulr piers inthe fngiinal and ansverse dston, The mod needs eeton of outing system to fit the al pages sad also an independent seaffldngor lade for personel reod the dl gauge ‘An ingest method to dtemine roto of ple can be adopted when te pier and superstucue are moni, sy cantilever bass In tis cate, the loud free arm could be instromented for deflection ‘mesirement (a diferent cos seins along the spn engh and the ‘ato of ciferecein defection valves and dance between css seston eis roaton of load fe arm. The eoation of ier would be ex the ation of ad fee am, du 1 mona ston. Fig. shows the shematicarangemen adopedta dtr tation of pes by the indies method. og ri 7 4.10, Percentage Recovery of Dflestion ‘The percentage recovery could be calculated for vas of defection ‘Te percentage recovery is seated at 24 nur afer removal of load ‘Te calculation is dove a follows alr effing temperature andl ‘or toaioa comstion to dfeton dats Inia va on ial gauge) Rt ial value afer plicement of test oad R [MThereates, measurements are tbe ‘akon at rgulr itera of on hour, ts per Clans 45). aloe at 24 hours afer placement oft load RS Valu immediately after moval of tet ond. RA (There, measurement ae to be taken at regular nteval of one hou, te per Clase 45 Vale a 24 hours fer emoval of test Toad RS ‘Toul deletion RoR1 ‘Total recovery 24 bus afer removal of RRS vest kod Percentage of recovery of defiction + BERS «199 2s after removal of tt la. WRI 5. ACCEPTANCE CuErERIA 511. The etterion of sceptance i based om covery of deflection after removal fest Toad. Ils acest spi the quantum of epg load the duration ofthe lad o the spa and the peoenagercovey of deletion on removal of loa52. For bridges designed for IRC Standard easing, crit or load tesng of ste, PSC and RCC siperrctres ze gv in Tab teow ‘A genera acceptance erteron fr he behaviour of strstr under tes load i ha it shall not show "vibe ede of flare” which ince appearance of ercks of wt mae ban 0.3, paling oe elections which are excessiv and incompatible with sft tegument,