The Contemporary World 8.

Write a research paper with proper

citations on a topic related to
COURSE DESCRIPTION
globalization
This course introduces students to the
Values
contemporary world by examining the
multifaceted phenomenon of globalization. 9. Articulate personal positions on various
Using the various disciplines of social sciences, it global issues.
examines the economic, social, political, 10. Identify the ethical implications of
technological, and other transformations that globalization citizenship.
have created an increasing awareness of the
COURSE TOPICS
interconnectedness of people and places
around the globe. To this end, the course The topics chosen for this subject are based on
provides an overview of the various debates in recommendations from the Commission on
global governance, development, and Higher Education. However, the sequence of
sustainability. Beyond exposing the student to the topics are based on categories. The
the world outside the Philippines, it seeks to categories that most students are familiar with
inculcate a sense of global citizenship and global shall be covered first; less familiar categories
ethical responsibility will be tackled later. This is meant to ease the
students’ entry into the complex and multi-
This course includes mandatory topics on
layered topic of globalization. The topic course
population education in the context of
are as follows:
population and demography
1. Overview
COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES (CLO)
2. Globalization of Religion
Competencies a. Basic Characteristics of Religion
b. Globalization and Religion
1. Distinguish different interpretations of
3. Global Media Cultures
and approaches to globalization
a. Media and Communications
2. Describe the emergence of global
Technology
economic, political, social, and cultural
b. Cultural Globalization
systems.
4. The Global City
3. Analyze the various contemporary
a. Cities – Fundamental Principles
drivers of globalization
b. Global Cities
4. Understand the issues confronting the
5. Global Demography and Migration
nation state
a. Basic Demography
5. Assess the effects of globalization on
b. Global Demography
different social units and their
c. Global Migration
responses.
6. Globalized Economics
Skills a. The Economic problem
b. The dynamics of Trade
6. Analyze contemporary news events in c. The Modern World System
the context of globalization 7. International Financial Institutions
7. Analyze global issues in relation to a. Basic Functions and
Filipinos and the Philippines Classifications
b. The Big threes and RTAs
 8. Globalization in Markets and
Corporations
a. Global Corporation
b. Market Integration
9. Globalized Governance
a. Contemporary Global
Governance
b. The Global interstate system
10. Global Divides
a. Asian regionalism
b. The north and South divide
11. A Sustainable Future
a. Sustainable Development
b. Global Food Security
12. Peace Education
a. What is Peace?
b. Application in a Global world
13. Global Citizenship
a. Why a need for Global
Citizenship
b. Becoming a Global Citizen
INTRODUCTION TO GLOBALIZATION
Three Focal Points
1. Globalization defined | What is
globalization?
2. History of Globalization | When did it
begin? Where are we now?
3. Dimensions of Globalization |
Economic, social…what else?
GLOBALIZATION DEFINED
“Globalization constitutes integration of
national economies to international economy
through trade, direct foreign investment (by
corporations and multinationals), short-term
capital flow, international flows of worker and
humanity generally, and flows of technology”
- Jagdish Bhagwati, in Defence of
Globalization (Oxford, 2006) p.3
“Globalization is a reality that now affects every
part of the globe and every people on it, even
though in widely differing local contexts.
- Bruce Mazlish, “Comparing Global
History”, Journal of Interdisciplinary
History 28/3 (1998) p. 387
“Globalization refers to the expansion and
intensification of social relations and
consciousness across world-time and world-
space.”
- Manfred B. Steger
HISTORY OF GLOBALIZATION
The term “Globalization” was popularized by
Theodore Levitt in 1983. However, globalization
as a concept and phenomenon has been talked
about and has been happening long before
1983.
BC – Before Christ
AD – Anno Domini (Latin word for “in the year
of the Lord”)
1. Silk Roads (1st Century BC – 5th Century
AD, and 13th and 14th Centuries AD)
a. People have engaged in trade
for as long as they have been
around. However, with the
creation of Silk Road, trade
stopped being a local and
regional activity and became a
global affair.
b. This is not to say that
globalization at this point
started at a magnitude
comparable to later periods.
But global trade links were
established and those who
were involved in it massively
benefitted from it.
2. Spice Routes (7th – 15th Centuries)
a. Another significant
development in Global trade
came from the trading of
spices.
b. The biggest contributors from
this era are Islamic Merchants.
Islam was a new religion during
the 7th Century but quickly
spread to different territories.
And as this religion spread, so
did trade.
c. Take note that, like the Silk
Road, spice trade happened but
not at the same magnitude of
the later periods.
3. Age of Discovery (15th – 18th Centuries)
a. The age of discovery was when
global trade truly grew in scale.
Aided by the discoveries and
innovations of the Scientific
Revolution, European explorers
were able to connect East and
West.
b. This resulted to the colonization
of many territories
4. Globalization 1.0 (19th century – 1914)
a. The first wave of globalization
took place during the First
Industrial Revolution
b. The British Empire led the world
into this new era. It introduced
technologies that allowed
massive amounts of goods to be
transported across long
distances and its
industrialization allowed it to
make products that were in
demand all over the world.
c. Other countries also benefitted
from these new technologies
since it was now easier for
them to export their own
goods.
d. Trade grew steadily during this
era
5. The World Wars (1914-1918, 1939-
1945)
a. This is a period that some
scholars refer to as a period of
de-globalization or the collapse
of globalization
b. World War I in 1914-1918
disrupted trade heavily. Millions
of soldiers and civilians died,
further developments on
globalization-related
technologies were halted, and
countries closed their borders.
World War II, which took place
in 1939-1945, also led to almost
the same results.
c. By the end of the World Wars,
trade was at an all-time low.
6. Globalization 2.0 (1945-1989) and 3.0
(1989-2008)
a. Despite hitting an all time low,
globalization went through a
resurgence.
b. This was aided by the Second
Industrial Revolution which saw
the invention of the car, the
airplane, and many other
technologies that took trade to
an entire different level.
c. The United States and the
Soviet Union were the leading
nations in Globalization 2.0. But
the collapse of the Soviet Union
left the US as the sole leading
nation in Globalization 3.0
d. Organizations like the European
Union and the World Trade
Organization, to name a few,
were established and
encouraged international
cooperation.
 e. Countries were also encouraged
to participate in free trade
which opened up more
territories in this globalized
environment
f. But the most significant event
during this period was when the
world entered the Third
Industrial Revolution which saw
the invention of the internet.
7. Globalization 4.0 (2008 – Present)
a. We are currently at a stage that
scholars refer to as
Globalization 4.0 and it is an
entirely different landscape
from when the Silk Road was
first established.
b. The United States and China are
the leading nations of the global
economy.
c. The new frontier of
globalization in this era is the
cyber world.
d. New technologies have made
the world an even smaller
place. Every individual person’s
reach has been expanded and
the things that they can do with
the technologies available has
been intensified
DIMENSIONS OF GLOBALIZATION
John Levin’s 4 Domains of Globalization
1. Economic
2. Political
3. Cultural
4. Information
ADDITIONAL
M1 Study Guide
M1S1 Important Notes
1. The central topic of The Contemporary
World is globalization.
2. This is a 3-unit course.
3. The course has 10 Course Learning
Outcomes (CLO) divided into three
categories.
4. The three CLO categories are
Competencies, Skills, and Values. Refer
to the M1S1 slides to see the different
CLOs aligned to each category.
Familiarize yourselves with which CLO
belongs to which category.
5. There are 13 modules for this course.
Refer to the M1S1 slides to see what are
these. Familiarize yourselves with what
these different modules are; do not
concern yourselves with the module
number.
6. Each module contains at least two
subtopics that break the module down
into smaller lessons.
Refer to the M1S1 slides to see what
are these.
7. There are several materials per module
and per subtopic.
8. Each subtopic contains a formative
assessment which is not graded. But
you need to pass this formative
assessment to gain access to the next
subtopic.
9. Each module contains a summative
assessment which is graded. You can
only access a summative assessment
once you have passed all formative
assessments.
10. Completing a summative assessment
gives you access to the next module.
11. Your score in every summative
assessment matters.
12. Other materials like this study guide,
supplementary materials, PPT
presentations, etc. are available.
 13. The computation of your final grade will
be 75% summative assessments + 25%
final exam.
14. The passing grade is 70%.
M1S2 Important Notes
1. Globalization can be defined in many
different ways but it always has the
central theme of interconnection across
the globe.
2. The difference in definition sometimes
comes from which particular aspect of
globalization is being focused on. For
example, authors in the field of
economics will focus more on the
interconnection of economic activities
across the globe. People in the field of
IT will focus more on the
interconnection of communication
across the globe. Authors in the field of
politics will focus more on
interconnected governance.
3. Those individual definitions are
technically correct, but a more inclusive
definition is preferred.
4. For the purpose of this course, Manfred
B. Steger’s definition will be used.
According to him:
5. “Globalization refers to the expansion
and intensification of social relations
and consciousness across world-time
and world-space.”
6. Take note, there are other equally
inclusive definitions.
7. The term “globalization” was
popularized by Theodore Levitt in 1983,
but globalization has been happening
long before that.
8. Many authors agree and disagree on
when exactly did globalization begin;
again, it depends on how you define it
and there are many definitions for
globalization.
9. But for the purpose of this course, we
will use the history of globalization
according to the World Economic Forum
(WEF).
10. Globalization technically began when
trade was enhanced by the existence of
the Silk Road. People were not just
trading regionally anymore. They were
trading globally or at least as far as the
Silk Road could take them. Take note
that people have already traded even
before the Silk Road was built.
11. This was followed by the spice route. If
the Silk Road enhanced trade on land,
the spice trade enhanced trade by sea
(although it should be noted that
trading of spices by land also took
place).
12. The Age of Discovery followed where
many European societies aggressively
explored and colonized many
territories.
13. A combination of innovations made the
world a smaller place, which is the
essence of globalization. For example,
silk from China became available in
Egypt, hence a “smaller place”. Curry,
which originated in the Indian
subcontinent, found its way to North
and South America, hence a “smaller
place”. Christianity, a religion that
proliferated in Europe made it all the
way to the Philippines, “hence a smaller
place”.
14. But the period many scholars refer to as
Globalization 1.0 began only during the
First Industrial Revolution. Whatever
was possible before this era was further
intensified with never-beforeseen
innovations. The British Empire, being
the center of the Industrial Revolution,
was the “leading nation” of this era.
15. World War I and World War II occurred,
which led to a period regarded as de-
 globalization. This was referred to as
deglobalization because the
interconnection that was intensified by
the First Industrial Revolution faded
slowly due to the wars.
16. But after World War II, Globalization 2.0
took place thanks to innovations like the
car, the airplane, and other innovations
that made the world a “smaller place”.
Globalization 2.0 was in the middle of
the Cold War. The United States and the
Soviet Union were the leading nations
of this era.
17. The Soviet Union eventually collapsed.
This left the United States as the sole
leading nation in Globalization 3.0.
18. China joined the United States as the
leading nations of Globalization 4.0.
19. Many authors agree that globalization
has many different aspects but they
sometimes use different categorizations
for these aspects. For the purpose of
this course, we are using John Levin’s 4
domains of globalization. These 4 are
economic, political, cultural, and
information.
20. A key theme to remember about
globalization is that it makes the world
“a smaller place”. A person in one
continent can do business with another
person from another continent. A
person can build friendships with other
persons from the other side of the
world. The culture of one country can
easily influence the culture of another
and vice versa. Entertainment enjoyed
in one part of the world can now be
enjoyed by other countries. There are
millions of possible examples of making
the world a smaller place. It is making
the unreachable reachable, it is making
the unaffectable affectable, and so on.