Three Types of Rocks:

ignis fire
 1. Extrusive Igneous
Rocks

Ex.
 2. Intrusive Igneous
Rocks

Ex
 1. Coarse-grained or
Phaneritic

Ex
 2. Fine-grained or
Aphanitic

Ex
 3. Porphyritic Rocks

Ex
4. Glassy-Textured Rocks

Ex
 1. Felsic Rocks

Ex
 2. Mafic Rocks

Ex
3. Andesitic/ Intermediate
Rocks

Ex
 4. Ultramafic Rocks

Ex
 accumulation
deposition
cementation
 PROCESSES THAT FORMSEDIMENTARY
ROCKS

1. Lithification
PROCESSES THAT FORMSEDIMENTARY
ROCKS

2. Compaction
PROCESSES THAT FORMSEDIMENTARY
ROCKS

3. Cementation
1. Detrital Sedimentary Particle Size
Rocks
1. coarse

2. medium

3. fine

4. very fine
Detrital Sedimentary Rocks

SHALE BRECCIA

SILTSTONE
SANDSTONE
2. Chemical Sedimentary Chemical Composition
Rocks
1. calcite-

2. quartz-

3. gypsum-

4. halite-
5. altered plant fragments-
Chemical Sedimentary Rocks

Chalk Coquina Limestone

Calcite

Fossiliferous limestone Limestone

Chemical Sedimentary Rocks

Chert

Quartz Flint
Chemical Sedimentary Rocks

Gypsum
Chemical Sedimentary Rocks

Halite (rock salt) Bituminous Coal

- formed by the action of heat,
pressure, and chemical agents

foliation
grain size
1. slate- parent rock: shale

2. gneiss- ; parent
rock: granite, volcanic rock

3. marble- parent
rock: limestone
Parent Rock

SHALE SLATE
Parent Rock

GRANITE GNEISS
Parent Rock

LIMESTONE MARBLE
 Parent Rock

BITUMINOUS ROCK ANTHRACITE COAL

Parent Rock

SLATE PHYLLITE
Parent Rock

MUDSTONE SCHIST
Parent Rock

BASALT GREENSTONE
Parent Rock

MUDROCKS HORNFELS
 THE
ROCK
CYCLE
CLASSIFICATIONS
OF
COMMON
ROCK-FORMING
MINERALS
Group Description Mineral/Composition
Native diamond, graphite, gold, silver,
Found in naturally fine form
Elements sulfur, copper, platinum

Silicates Largest and most common group of minerals feldspar, olivine, garnet, pyroxene

hematite, magnetite, corundum,

Oxides Combination of metal and oxygen
chromate, sapphire

Sulfides Combination of sulfur and metal pyrite, galena, cinnabar, sphalerite

Sulfates Combination of sulfur, metal, and oxygen gypsum, barite

 Group Description Mineral/Composition
Form from halogens combined with
Halides metallic elements
halite, fluorite

Made of carbon, oxygen, and metallic

Carbonates elements
calcite, dolomite

Made of phosphorus, oxygen, and

Phosphates metallic elements
apatite, turquoise

Form from hydroxyl in combination

Hydroxides with metal
bauxite, limonite
 SOME
COMMON
MINERALS AND
THEIR USES
Minerals Uses
transportation, packaging, building/construction, and
Aluminum
machinery

used as hardening alloy for lead, fire retardant in

Antimony
fireworks, and in rubber/textile industries

used as a heavy additive in oil well drilling; in the paper

Barium and rubber industries; as a filler or extender in cloth, ink
and plastics products; in radiography
Minerals Uses
used in computers, telecommunication products,
aerospace and defense applications, appliances and
Beryllium
automotive, consumer electronics and in medical
equipment

used as an alloy and in stainless, in heat resisting steel

Chromite
products, and in chemical and metallurgical industries

used in floor and wall tile as an absorbent, in sanitation,

Clays mud drilling, foundry sand bond, iron pelletizing, brick,
light weight aggregate and cement
Minerals Uses
used in building construction, electric and electronic products
Copper (cables and wires, switches, plumbing, heating); transportation
equipment; roofing; chemical and pharmaceutical machinery

important in glass and ceramic industries; patter and enamelware;

soaps; bond for abrasive wheels; cements; insulating
Feldspar compositions; fertilizer; tarred roofing materials; and as a sizing,
or filler, in textiles and paper

used in jewelry and arts; dentistry and medicine; in medallions

Gold and coins; in ingots as a store of value; for scientific and electronic
instruments; as an electrolyte in the electroplating industry
Minerals Uses
processed and used as prefabricated wallboard or an industrial or
Gypsum building plaster; used in cement manufacturing; agriculture and
other uses.

used in human and animal diet, food preservation; preparation of

sodium hydroxide, soda ash, caustic soda, hydrochloric acid,
Halite chlorine, metallic sodium; ceramic glazes; metallurgy, curing of
hides; mineral waters; soap manufacturing;

used to manufacture steels of various types, in metallurgy

Iron products; magnets; high-frequency cores; auto parts; catalyst
Minerals Uses
used in lead-acid batteries, gasoline, additives, solders, and
Lead construction

essential to iron and steel production. Also used in the

Manganese making of manganese ferroalloys. Construction, machinery
and transportation

used in paints, as joint cement, as a dusting agent, in oil well

Mica drilling muds; and in plastics, roofing, rubber and welding
rods, parts for electronic and electronic equipment
Minerals Uses
transportation, fabricated metal products, electrical equipment, petroleum
Nickel and chemical industries, household appliances and industrial machinery

used to produce phosphoric acid for ammoniated phosphate fertilizers, feed

Phosphate additives for livestock, elemental phosphorus, and a variety of phosphate
chemicals for industrial and home consumers

Quartz used in jewelry, lamps, glass, paints

Silica used in computer chips, glass, ceramics, cosmetics

Silver used in jewelry, coins, electrical devices