TIEU CHUAN NHA NUOC Nhém B TCVN mm COVA TgE a | NS Nguyén te dit ky higu | cé higu tye ue | 1-7-1976 | 1, QUY BINH CHUNG 1.1, M3i kim loai hay hop kim phai cé mét ky hiéu théng nhat pha hop voi ngnyén tic dit ky higu quy dinh théng nhat trong ti¢u chuan nay. 1.2. Ky hiéu kim loai hay hop kim phi cé tinh hé théng, chinh xdc rd rang, ngin gon, khong gay nham lan. 2. KY HIEU 2.1. He théng ky higu kim loai va hop kim 1a hé thdng ky hieu bing chit va sé duoc viét xen ké va lan lugt trong mot ky higu kim loai hay hop kim, phin chit la phin dinh tinh biéu thi thanh phan cu tao cha kim loai hay hop kim, phan chi sé 1a phn dinh lugng bitu thj ham luwong trung binh ciia tirng nguyén td tuong tng dirng truéc. 2,2. Phan dinh tinh trong ky hiéu cia kim loai hay hgp kim duoc sip x¢p theo thir tur cac nguyén té ham lugng trung binh gidm din hoie theo tht tu cdc nguyén t6 co tinh chat anh hudng quyét dinh dén hop kim theo chiéu gidm din. 2.3. Phan dinh lwong trong ky hiéu cia kim loai hay hop kim tay theo yéu cu cila ting loat san phim, cé thé khong cin ghi chj sé cia phin dinh lwong sau mét nguyén t6 nado dé. Nén quy tron cdc gia tri cia chi sé khi dua vao ky hieu néu vi¢e quy tron dé khong gay ra nbam lin. 2.3.1. Trong ky higu kim loai mau, ph§n dinh long 1a phin chi 86 biéu thi sé thir tu c&ip loai san pham, Sé thir tu cang ting thi ham long cang gidm. Phin dinh wong ciing co thé Ja phin chi sé bigu thi do sach tinh theo phan trim (%). 16TCVYN 1659 —75 Trang 2/16 2.3.2. Trong ky hi¢u hop kim mau, chi s6 biéu thi ham long trung binh cia cac nguyén t6 theo phan trim (%). 2.3.3. Trong ky hiéu cia thép cacbon chit lrgng tét va thép cac- bon dung cu chi sé dirng lién sau phan ky hiéu yat ligu (C va CD) biéu thi ham long cacbon trung binh theo phan van (%o0). Trong ky hiéu thép hop kim, chi sé dirng du ky hi¢u biéu thi ham lweng cacbon trung binh theo phan van (%o;). 2.3.4. Trong ky hiéu thép hgp kim va gang hop kim, chi sé ding lign sau mdi ky hiéu nguyén t6 hop kim hoa biéu thi ham luong trung binh cia nguyén t6 theo phan tram (%). Néu ham lvgng trung binh ciia nguyén té nao xp xi bing 1% thi lign sau nguyén t8 dé thudng khong dua chi sd vao ky hiéu. 2.3.5. Trong ky hiéu gang duc, gang Mactanh, phan chi sé ding sau ky hiéu vat li¢u biéu thi sé thir ty cAp loai sin phim. Co sé xép Joai chi yéu dua yao ham luong silic trong gang ; sd thir tu cang tang, ham long silic (tinh theo phan trim) trong gang cang gidm. 2.3.6. Trong ky hiéu gang xdm, phiin dinh tinh gm 2 nhom sé A rap (mdi ohom gdm di hai sé hang) viét lign nbau va ding ngay sau ky hiéu vat liéu. Nhbom sé dau biéu thi gia tri nhé nhat cha dd bén kéo (kG/mm?). Nhom sé tiép sau biéu thi gid tri nhd nhat cha do bén udn (kG/mm?). Gitta 2 nhém sé cach nhau 1 gach ngang ngin (—). 2.3.7. Trong ky higu gang graphit cau, gang déo, phan dinh tink gdm 2 nhom sd A rap (mdi nhdom gdm di 2 sé hang) viét lién nhau va dimng ngay sau ky biéu vat lién ; nhém dau bidu thi gid tri nhé nhat cha do bén kéo (kG/mm?) nhom sé tiép sau bidu thi gi pho nhat cha do din dai tong déi (%). Néu gia tri ca dg din dai tuong d6i nim trong giéi han hang don vi thi phai thém sé khong (0) vao truce chi sé hang don vi dé lic nao ciing di 4 chir sé phiin chi s6. Giita 2 nhém sé cach nhau 1 gach ngang ngin (-). 2.4, Doi voi mot ky hiéu ca thép cing loai vat li¢u, nhung cd quy-dinh thanh phan héa hoc & gidi han khat khe hon, hode sit duyag phuong phap nau luyén va tinh luyén khac dé cai titn chit 7Trang 3/16 TCYN 1659 — 78 luong cita vat liéu tét hon so voi vat ligu cing loai thi cudi ky higu cha thép co ghi chir A. Trong ky hiéu thép cacbon thong thong va thép cacbon chit lvong t6t sau phiig chi s6 (biéu thi do bén kéo hay phin trém ham lugng cacbon) ding chir s U8 ky hi¢u thép soi va chit n d2 ky higu thép nika lang. Déi voi thép Jang, khong cn ghi chu them chit vao ky hiéu. 2.5. Ding cdc chit cai dirng truéc ky higu dé bidu thi loai vat ligu: G_ ky hiéu gang GX — = gang x4m GZ — gang déo Gc — gang graphit ctu GB — _— gang dic GM — _— gang Mactanh Cc — thép cacbon chat long cT — thép cacbon thong thong cD — thép cacbon dung cu OL —_ thép $ lin E - thép kf thuat dién L — Latong (hop kim déng — kém) B — Bréng (hop kim déng trir Latong) 1861 PHU Lue 1 vi py-cy THE MOT S6 KY HIgU CUA KIM LO4I HAY HOP KIM Ky hiéu Gidi thich Ghi chit 3 4 Gang G | | 1 Gang xam GX 15 — 32.) GX: ky hiéu gang xam | | 15: gia tri nhé nbat cia dg bén kéo (kG/mm2) | 32: gid tri nhd nbst etia dd béa udn (kG/mm2) | | 2) Gang déo Gh 33 — 08 | ky higu gang déo j | | 33: gia tri nhd abat cia dd bén kéo (kG/nun2y | | | | 08 : gid tri nhé mb&t cia dO din dai tuong adi (%) | 3 Gang graphit GC 60 — 02 | GG: ky biéu gang graphit ciu | cau | 60 : gid tri nbd nbt cia a6 ben kéo (kG/mm2) fin dai tong adi (%) ang graphit clu hyp kim chita niken, dSng, crém 5 biéu thi ham lugng trung binh cia niken 14 5% cu 3 —nt— ding la 3% | 02: gid tri nh nat cha do 4 Gang graphit, | Ge Ni5Cu3Cr cau cr —nt— crém xfp xi t 5 Gang bop kim | GNitSCu7Gr2. | Gang hyp kim chira niken, déng, crém | Ni 15 biéu thi ham lung trung binh ciia niken 1a 15% cu7 —nt— ding la 7: i Cr 2 —nt— erém 1a 2% SL— 6S9T NADL only Bubs7 | Gang Mactanh | Thép cachon | | | 8 | Thép cacbon |CT | thing thyéng |CT | (thép dung) | cT 1C 33 34 34s GD: ky bigu gang dic : ky higu loai gang diic cé tir 3,26 dén 3,75 % silic —nt— 2,76 » 325% » —at— 2,26 » 275% » —nt— 1,76 » 2.25% > —nt— 1,26 » 1,75.% °» ky higu gang Mactanh $6 A rap sau ky hiéu GM la sd thir tu c&p loai cia gang Mactanh theo ham lrgng cia silic 1, Ky higu loai gang Mactanh 6 tir 0,76 dén 1,25 % silic 2; —nt— 0,75 % silic CT : ky hiéu thép cacbon théng thuéng (thép xAy ding) Nhom s6 A rap (2 sd) ditng sau ky hiéu CT 1A gia tri nhé nhit cla a bén kéo (kG/mm2) 33, 34, 38, 42, 50, 52, i nhé nbat cla dé ben kéo (kG/mm?) 8 khong cé s VA n 1a thép ling S6 A rap ditng sau dé gach ndi (—) bidu thi nhém thép: higu thép nhém 2, chét Iwgng chi yéu bao m theo thanh phin héa hoe —3: ky hiéu thép nhém 3, chit lugng chi yéu bio dim theo co tinh va thinh phan hdéa ly Truéng hop trong ky hiéu khéng c6 ky higu nhém thép 6 nghia la thép a6 & nhém 1, chat lgng chit yéu bdo dam theo co tinh n—2 Mn: ky hiéu thép nita Hing nhém 2, c6 nang cao ham Iygng mangan SL—6S91 NADL g/g Suniy1 2 3 4 9| Thép cacbon C: ky higu thép eacbon chit lwgng chit lugng tot Nhom s6 A rap dirng sau chit C chi ham long trung C10 ; C10.s binh eiia cachon theo phin van (%o9) C15; Cibs C5: thép cacbon chat lugng cé bam lugng cacbon trung C20 ; C20 binh 18 0,05% C20. Mn; €25; | C85: thép cacbon ch&t lugng co ham lugng cacbon C25 Mn trung biab 1a 0,859 30 ; C30. n; C30 Mn ; C40; C40 Mn C70 ; C70 Mn C85 10} Thép cacbon | CD70 ; CD70A | CD : ky higu thép cacbon dung cu dung cu CD80 ; CD80A,| Nhém sé A rap dimng sau ky hiéu CD bi’u thi him -CD9D_; CDIOA | Irong cachgn trung binh ciia thép cacbon dung cy theo | CD100 ; CD100A| phan van (90) CD110 ; CD110A| CD 70 : ky higu thép cacbon dung eu voi ham lrgng CD120 ; CD120A| ciia cacbon trung binh 0,70% D130 ; CD130A| CD 70A : ky higu thép cachon dung cy vei ham Irong cia cacbon trang binh 0,70% nhung chat lugng tét hon thép CD 70 Thép hep kim vi hgp kim den 11| Thép hgp 1OMn2Si1 | 10: ham lugng trung binh clin cachon bing 0,10% kim thap 9Mn2 Mn2: ham lugng trung binh efia mangan bing 2% am lugng trung binh cia silie bing 1% bon bing 0,09% ham hrong trung binh efia mangan bi $2 — 6891 NADL orig Bumay12 13 u .Thép dé ct — (thép ty d}ng) Thép dung cu hgp kim Thép gid Thép 6 Hin Thép han 10S 10S 10SMnPb 100Cr2 70Crv 130Cr12V2 40Cr5W4VSiMn 90W9v2 TSWi18V WW I18CO5V2 OL 100Cr OL 100Cr1 OL 100Cr2—Dx OL 100Cr2MnSi 12Mn2 8Mn2SiMo 13Cr2MeTi e cs r= G = 090% _| 0,105 1% 0,40% _| 5% 495 10S Mn Pb || a} L 40Cr5 W4 V Si Mn 90 W 18 Cos V2 Pb = 1% Mn = 1% ee Si = 1% Vvo=1% Li = 2% We 18% Co = 5% OL 100 Cr2— BX ae s Tinh luyén Thé ryé bép 8 lin —] Pp ae C= 1% Cr = 2% 8Cri9 Nis Nb | c = 0,08% ——J bE Nb = 1% Cr = 19% - Ni = 5% Iai xi SL—6S9E NADL 97/2 Supiz1 2 3 4 17 | Thép va hep 20Cr13 8 Cri8 Ni10 Ti kim chong an 30Cr13 _| mon (khéng ri) | 10Cr12Ni2 C = 0,089%. Ti = 1% 8Cri8NiL0Ti Cr= 18% Ni = 10% 18 | Thép va bgp | Ni70CrAl 8 Cr20 Nid Siz kim chju néng | 40Gr9Si2 \ 8Cr20Ni14Si2 © = 008% __| L__ Si = 2% Cr= 20% Ni= 14% 19 | Thép va hgp| 10crswv Ni35 Cr W Ti Al kim bn néng| — Ni60CrAl Ni = 35% Mdi nguyén td Cr, W, Ni35CrWTiAL Ti, Al xp xi 1% 20 | Thép va hop| 45Mn17A13 kim tir 8Cr20Mn10Ni4N Ni79Mo 21 | Hop kim it n& Ni36 | nhiét Ni30C030 Cra7NB | 22| Thép va hgp| Ni36CrTiAl kim @an b3i@je | Cos0CrNiMo biét gig Supsy $b — 6S9T NADLvo Ky higu Laténg 1 2 3 4 5 }— ~ - = ——| Ding va hep kim dong | 23| dng kim loai cut Cu: ky higu ddng kim loai Co thd ky higu la: cuz Chi s6 sau ky higu Cu chi thir ty ‘ep logi theo 49 sach Cu 9,9 cus cia ding (Cu) Cu 99,7 Cut ; ng kim loai chita 99,9% Cu Cu 99,5 Cu2: —nt— 99,75 Cu Cu3 : —at— 99,5% Cu | Laténg 1.CuZn20 LCu Zn20 Trong __ Laténg nguyén t6 bgp kim Ky higu Latong _| | Lm = 20% hoa Con Iai 14 Cu kyh Iai 1a Zn 25 | Latong chi LGuZn40Pb2 Leuzni0Pb2 7 oe ot ss igu ci: ky niguLateng__| | L_ pp = ax Cu = 58% Zn == 40% Con lai 18 Zn Cdn lai 1a Co LCuzZn39Pb LCuzn39Pb Ky higu ci: L60PD | L_ pp=05—2,5% Zn = 39% Con lai 1a Cu Cu = 60% Pb = 0,5 — 2,5% Con lai 1a Z Trong ca 2 ky higu (ci va. méi) him lugng Pb = 0,5 — — 25%. Do vay khéng dua chi sé vao sau ky hiéu Pb vi sd quale $L—6S9I NADL 91/6 Suvito 27 mangan chi Laténg die bidt ohém — sit Laténg dic bigt nhém — niken | Laténg dic biét LCuZn40MnPb | LCuZn40Al2Fet LCuZn35AliNi LCu Zn 40 Mn Pb . Ky higu Laténg _l Lp» =1,0—2% Zn = 409% __. Mn =0,4—2% Con Iai 1a Cu L Cu Zndo Al2 Fet | lL Fe=1% Al = 295 Ky hiéu Laténg —_ Zn = 40% Cada Iai 14 Cu LCuZn35 Al Ni ky higu Laténg —_! L__ Ni=0,3—1 Zn = 35% - Con Iai 1a Cu | Sau ky higu Ma Pb khong d8 chi sd vi ham lweng cia mii nguyén t3 cho phép dao dong trong 1 gidi han trén duéi 1 ky higu cd = L58Pb 98% Ky higu cai: L58 Al2 Con Iai lk Zn Sau ky hiéy Ni i khong ghi chi sé vi ham long ni- ken dao dong x3p pxi Ky hiéu cit : L59 Cu = 59% i 1a Zn o1lor Supiy $2 — 6S9T NADL2 3 4 5 Bréng BCuSn2 BCuSn2 | Ky higu Brong —!) Lise 2% Cdn Iai 18 Cu BCuSn6 BCuSné | Ky bigu Bréng _I | so=6% | Con Iai 1a Cu Bréng kém BCuSa6z06 | BCuSn6zZn6 | Ky higu Brong | Laem |__sn=6% on Iai 1a Cu Brong kém chi | GuSn4Zn4Pb4 BousndZn4Pb4 Ky higu Brong —_| | ppaax Sn=4% Zn=4y% | | Con lai 1a Cu | | Hop kim a3ng— CuNni5 | j | Cu Nis | Thugené hgp kim niken I | dng — niken Ni=5% Con lai 1a Cu | S£—6S9I NADL 9f/If Gupsy1 2 3 4 5 | : 5 — _ 33 | Hopkimddng-- | CuNil0Fe CuNi10Fe niken—sit | Sau ky kigu Fe Ni = 109; —— Fe = 0,7 — 1,526 khong ghi chi sé Con Iai 1a Cu ‘vi him lugng otia Fe xfp xi 1.6 34 | Hopkimding— | GuNi2s%n15 CuNi25Zn15, |Hop kim Nay — niken—kém ; ‘dink bo Ni= 25% _ | pat 58 | | Con Iai 1a Cu | | GuNi187n20 CuNi18Zn20 | L | —nt— Ni = 18% —__| in = 20% | Con lai 1a Cu | | | Nhém vi hep | | kim nbdm | 35 | Nhom kim loai ALIA AL: ky bigu nhom kim loai | cé a} sach cao AL 2A Chi sé sau ky higu Al bigu thi e4p loai theo dd sacb | Co th ky hi¢u la: AL 3A cia Al Al 99,99 ALIA: nhom kim loai chira 99,99 % Al Al 99,95 Al 2A : nhém kim loai chira 99,95 % Al Al 99,9 AL 3A : nhém kim logi chira 99,90 % Al A: ky hiéu d6 sach cao T9/@L Oupsy $2—6S9T NADL1 4 5 36] Hop kim AIDOMgL Al9oMgt ; nhém — manhé “=m azo | L_ ugsix AI9OMgi AL90Mgt A= 90% I Mg=1% AIMg2 AIMg?2 AIMg2, Hep kim ft Mg = 2% nhém bin dang AIMg5 Can lai 14 Al va cde nguyén t6 hyp kim hoa khac cling | AIMg5 1a hyp kim cac tap chit khac nhom dic 37 | Hop kim nbom | AlCudMg? AlCuiMg2 Hop kim ahém —ddng—manba TL. bién dang a _ Mg = Con Vai 1a AT 38 | Hop kim nhém | AISi7Mg AISi7Mg Hop kim ahém duce — silie—manhé si=7x ——| | Mg = 025— 05% (abd vad nén khéng ghi chi sé sau ky higu Mg) 39 | Hop kim nhdm | Alsizcua ANSi7Cu2 —at— —sitie — ding siz ——] L — cunax Chi va hop kim chi 40 | Chi kim loat Pot Pb : ky higu chi kim loai; ehi sé ghi sau ky higu Pb 1a [Co th® ky bigu la: Pb2 6 thir ty e&p loai phan theo dé sach cia Pb Pb1: chi kim loai chita 99,99% Pb Pb2: chi kim loai chia 99,885 Pb Pb : 99,99 Pb : 99,885 $L—6S9T NAQL 92/er Suviy3 4 5 41.| Hop kim chi PbSaAPDIS PbSndSb15. i Sn = 49% ——— Sb = 15% Con lai 14 Pb va tap chat Kém va hop | kim kém | | = | | 42 | Kém kim Ii | zn Zn : ky hiéu ktm kim loai; chi sd sau ky biéu Zn bidu | Co thé ky higu la: | Zn2 thi cfip loai theo dg sach eta Za Zn : 99,995 | | %n3 Zn: Kém kim logi chia 99,995%2 znd Zn2: —nt— 99,99%20 Zn Zn3 : —nt— 99,975 "20 \ | 706 Zn4: —nt— 99,95% 20 | | ns : —nt— 99,9%2Zn Zn6 : —nt— 99,7 %2n 43. | Hop kim kém unl ZnAl4 duc 0,075, Con lai 1a Zn Zo6Cul ZnAl6Cul Al = 6% | Le = te Con lai la Zn Lf _ . — oo __ $2 — 6891 NADL orye Gunsy1 3 r | 4 5 t— — j 44] Hop kim niken | NiCr20— | chong an mon NiCr20TiAL | va bn néng NiMo18Cri6¥e | NiCu30Fe | | Thiéc va hep | kim thige | 45 | Thiéc kim loai Sal | Sn: ky higu thiéc kim loai; chi sé sau ky hiéu Sn biéu | Co thé ky higu la: Sn | thj c&p loai theo 49 sach cia Sn Sn 99,9 Sn3 | : Thiée kim loai chira 99,9 % Sn Sn 99,75 Sn¢ | —nt— 99,75 % Sn Sn 99,565 sn5 | —nt— 99,565 % Sn Sn 9 ls —at— 99 9 Sn Sn 98 | —nt— 98% Sn 46 | Hop kim thiée Sn25Pb S$n25 Sb han Sn30Pb Sn = 2% ——] | — Sb=0,2 — 1,7 % (gia tri SndoPb | dao dng xp xi 1) Sn60Pb | Cén Iai 1a Pb 47 | Hyp kim manhe MgAl6zn3 MgaAl6Zn3 | con lai Mg in = 3% | AL=6% MgMn2 MgMn2 | [te sax $2—6S9I NADL 9f/o7 Bunty,1 MOT SO NHAN HIEU KIM LOAI VA HOP KIM DEN TVONG BYONG CUA MOT 56 NUGC DA SAN XUAT PHY LUC 2 vice TU ‘theo TEN | TEE NGL) Thee DIN] | Thee salting Theo GSN | Theo Sz Theo Irheo| Theo | Theo | Theo} theo | 1 fa Vigt nam : 6 a Ff anb | bat] BY | Na-wy 8a WEE RSE | CHDC Bire|CHLB Bite} Lien x6 | qube ep khde | ofa Hung) crags | Ab | Paap | Noat |B ¥ | Thép cacbon ~ thong thwirng (thép xiy dog) C733 st33_ | sT33 cro | ao sto cTsis—2 | st3u—2 | Ust34—2 | BCT2Ka MCT2Kn crain—2|sizanb—2 | — _—[acramcTa] cT38 S138 sts7 cms | As ST3IK ssit sT3 cme Suz sua cms | At STAIK $539 sv4 Vin ‘Thép cacbon chit lreng cio c10 c10 10 to | Poidiwasp | cto—cioR | crot0 xe10 | s10¢ |Ctom|SEO,SEt] 10 iss ~ - 15Kn C15 cas cs, 6 4s | Poiaiwe | cas—cask | C1045 xeas | S45¢ | C45m 45 cso 60 ceo 60 60 | PoldiwsH — /c60—C60K | C1060 60m 60 we Thép cacbon dung cy CD70 cr w2 | 1620 y7 17 Poldié $72 sk7 N7 D100 Cron w2 | 1640 vio | T10 | Poldi B ¢ sio2 SKA cpio, | cloowi | 1540 yioa | Ti0A | Poldi EZH Stor | wii, KC%ex, 5 ns Fins cp1oa = Tcrtows | 1550 yaa [ra MIE ‘Thép bgp kim dung cy 60CrSi ersicrs | 2101 exc t00¥ 100¥3 - © PoldiE7H Spécia NV 100Cr2 hoje x Poldi Crk Ks 1“ Nc ‘otiooeez | | 10% | 2067 | sass Poldi CKL 603 sus2 moCri2 210CM46 2080 a Poldi 2002 KI sqp1| | a | ss2i2 grigh Gupsy $2 — 6S9T NADL