Ldcr2018stats Tables

1.
Development indicators
GNI per
capita Human Development Index (HDI) b
Country (current Income level
dollars) a
Value Rank Annual average growth

2017 2017 2000-2010
Afghanistan 2000 Low income 0.50 168.00 ..
Angola 6060 Lower middle income 0.58 147.00 3.00
Bangladesh 4040 Lower middle income 0.61 136.00 1.54
Benin 2260 Low income 0.51 163.00 1.74
Bhutan 8850 Lower middle income 0.61 134.00 ..
Burkina Faso 1810 Low income 0.42 183.00 2.74
Burundi 770 Low income 0.42 185.00 2.68
Cambodia 3760 Lower middle income 0.58 146.00 2.49
Central African Republic 730 Low income 0.37 188.00 1.27
Chad 1920 Low income 0.40 186.00 2.20
Comoros 1570 Low income 0.50 165.00 ..
Democratic Republic of the Co 870 Low income 0.46 176.00 2.02
Djibouti 1880 Lower middle income 0.48 172.00 2.15
Eritrea 1083 Low income 0.44 179.00 ..
Ethiopia 1890 Low income 0.46 173.00 3.82
Gambia, The 1670 Low income 0.46 174.00 1.36
Guinea 2180 Low income 0.46 175.00 2.09
Guinea-Bissau 1700 Low income 0.46 177.00 ..
Haiti 1830 Low income 0.50 168.00 0.61
Kiribati 2780 Lower middle income 0.61 134.00 0.67
Lao People's Democratic Repub 6650 Lower middle income 0.60 139.00 1.59
Lesotho 3510 Lower middle income 0.52 159.00 0.54
Liberia 710 Low income 0.44 181.00 0.50
Madagascar 1510 Low income 0.52 161.00 1.01
Malawi 1180 Low income 0.48 171.00 1.01
Mali 2160 Low income 0.43 182.00 2.72
Mauritania 3900 Lower middle income 0.52 159.00 0.96
Mozambique 1200 Low income 0.44 180.00 3.09
Myanmar 5830 Lower middle income 0.58 148.00 2.09
Nepal 2710 Low income 0.57 149.00 1.72
Niger 990 Low income 0.35 189.00 2.35
Rwanda 1990 Low income 0.52 158.00 3.77
Sao Tome and Principe 3370 Lower middle income 0.59 143.00 1.01
Senegal 2620 Low income 0.51 164.00 1.84
Sierra Leone 1480 Low income 0.42 184.00 3.10
Solomon Islands 2270 Lower middle income 0.55 152.00 1.19
Somalia 88 Low income .. .. ..
South Sudan 546 Low income 0.39 187.00 ..
Sudan 4480 Lower middle income 0.50 167.00 1.58
Timor-Leste 6330 Low income 0.62 132.00 2.02
Togo 1620 Low income 0.50 165.00 0.71
Tuvalu 5780 Upper middle income .. .. ..
Uganda 1820 Low income 0.52 162.00 2.02
United Republic of Tanzania 2920 Lower middle income 0.54 154.00 2.24
Vanuatu 3170 Lower middle income 0.60 138.00 ..
Yemen 935 Low income 0.45 178.00 1.18
Zambia 3920 Lower middle income 0.59 144.00 2.34
LDCs 2722 1.77
Source: World Bank, WDI database, accessed august 2017; United Nations, Undata National account main aggregates database (accessed
UNDP, Human development Report 2016 (accessed September 2017); World Bank Economies Income classification (accessed September 2
Notes: a) GNI current $ Atlas method , World Bank, WDI database (accessed November 2018);
b)
HDI: below 0.550: Low human development ; between 0.550 and 0.699: Medium human development . See Technical notes 1 at hdr.und
c)
MPI : higher values indicate population multidimentionally poor. See Technical notes 5 at http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr201
d)
GNI : Eritrea, Somalia, South Sudan and Yemen data is from the United Nations Statistics Division and data is from 2016 only (https://uns
Multi-
b dimensional
ment Index (HDI) Poverty Index
(MPI) c
Annual average growth Value Fact: GNI per capita of the average LDC country in 2015 was 2722$ per
2010-2017 2015 GNI
1.05 0.27 Somalia 88
GNI per capita, 2017
1.59 0.28 South Su 546
1.57 0.19 Liberia 710 GNI per capita, 2016
Equatorial Guinea Bhutan
1.22 0.35 Central Af 730
Tuvalu
Lao People's Democratic Republic
1.14 0.17 Burundi 770 Angola
Timor-Leste
1.76 0.52 Democrati 870 Vanuatu Angola
0.77 0.40 Yemen 935 Bhutan
Myanmar
1.15 0.16 Niger 990 KiribatiTuvalu
0.64 0.46 Eritrea 1083 Lao People's Dem. Rep.Sudan
Sudan
Bangladesh
1.22 0.53 Malawi 1180
Timor-Leste Zambia
0.63 0.18 Mozambiq 1200 Solomon Islands
Mauritania
1.70 0.38 Sierra Le 1480 Djibouti
Cambodia
0.82 0.17 Madagasc 1510 Sao Tome and Principe Lesotho
0.79 .. Comoros 1570 Bangladesh
Sao Tome and Principe
1.67 .. Togo 1620 Zambia
Vanuatu
Lesotho
United Republic of Tanzania
0.61 0.29 Gambia, 1670
Myanmar Kiribati
1.83 0.34 Guinea-Bi 1700 CambodiaLDCs
0.95 0.37 Burkina F 1810 MauritaniaNepal
0.83 0.23 Uganda 1820 YemenSenegal
0.53 .. Haiti 1830 LDCs
Solomon Islands
1.39 0.21 Djibouti 1880 Senegal
Benin
United Rep. Of Tanzania
0.77 0.15 Ethiopia 1890 Guinea
Benin
0.97 0.33 Chad 1920 South Sudan
Mali
0.43 0.45 Rwanda 1990 Afghanistan
Haiti
Rwanda
1.11 0.24 Afghanist 2000 Comoros
Chad
0.81 0.46 Mali 2160 Eritrea
Ethiopia
0.95 0.26 Guinea 2180 Mali
Djibouti
Nepal
1.13 0.41 Benin 2260 Haiti
Chad
1.25 0.18 Solomon I 2270
Rwanda
Uganda
1.19 0.15 Senegal 2620 Burkina Faso
Ethiopia
1.54 0.59 Nepal 2710 Guinea-Bissau
Uganda
2722 BurkinaGambia,
Faso The
1.11 0.27 LDCs
1.21 0.09 Kiribati 2780 Guinea-BissauTogo
Comoros
Afghanistan
1.47 0.29 United Rep 2920 Madagascar
Togo
1.20 0.42 Vanuatu 3170 Sierra
GuineaLeone
1.07 .. Sao Tome 3370 Mozambique
Sierra Leone
.. 0.52 Lesotho 3510 Mozambique Malawi
-0.91 0.58 Cambodia 3760 Gambia Eritrea
Dem. Rep. of CongoNiger
Madagascar Yemen
Democratic RepublicRepublic
Central African of the Congo
Burundi
Niger
Sierra
GuineaLeone
SierraMozambique
Leone
Mozambique Malawi
Gambia Eritrea
0.95 0.28 Mauritania 3900 Dem. Rep. of CongoNiger
Madagascar Yemen
0.13 0.21 Zambia 3920
Democratic Republic of the
Central African Republic Congo
1.41 0.25 Banglade 4040 Burundi
Niger
.. .. Sudan 4480 Central African Republic
Liberia
0.86 0.28 Tuvalu 5780 MalawiLiberia
1.25 0.27 Myanmar 5830 South
Burundi Sudan
0.28 0.17 Angola 6060 Somalia
Somalia
-1.37 0.24 Timor-Les 6330 0 0 1000
1000 2000
20003000 3000
4000 5000
4000
6000 50
7
1.11 0.26 Lao Peopl 6650
0.96 Bhutan 8850 dollars
dollarsper
percapita
capita
main aggregates database (accessed september 2017);

classification (accessed September 2017)
nt . See Technical notes 1 at hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2018_technical_notes.pdf

.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2016_technical_notes.pdf
d data is from 2016 only (https://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/Introduction.asp)
ry in 2015 was 2722$ per capita Fact: On annual average in LDC countries, the HDI has slown down from 20
HDI
Niger 0.35
er capita, 2017
Central Af 0.37 Human development index, 2017
apita, 2016 South Su 0.39 Timor-Leste
Chad 0.40 Bhutan
Burundi 0.42 Kiribati
Sierra Le 0.42 Bangladesh Me
Burkina F 0.42
Vanuatu d
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Mali 0.43 Sao Tome and Principe
Liberia 0.44 Zambia
Mozambiq 0.44 Cambodia
Eritrea 0.44 Angola
Yemen 0.45 Myanmar
Nepal
Guinea-Bi 0.46
Solomon Islands
Democrati 0.46 United Republic of Tanzania
Guinea 0.46 Rwanda
Gambia, 0.46 Lesotho
Ethiopia 0.46 Mauritania
Madagascar Lo
Djibouti 0.48 de
Uganda
Malawi 0.48
Benin
Afghanist 0.50 Senegal
Haiti 0.50 Comoros
Sudan 0.50 Togo
Togo 0.50 Sudan
Comoros 0.50 Haiti
Afghanistan
Senegal 0.51
Malawi
Benin 0.51 Djibouti
Uganda 0.52 Ethiopia
Madagasc 0.52 Gambia, The
Mauritania 0.52 Guinea
Lesotho 0.52 Democratic Republic of the Congo
Guinea-Bissau
Rwanda 0.52
Yemen
United Rep 0.54 Eritrea
Solomon I 0.55 Mozambique
Nepal 0.57 Liberia
Myanmar 0.58 Mali
Angola 0.58 Burkina Faso
Sierra Leone
Cambodia 0.58
Burundi
Zambia 0.59 Chad
South Sudan
Central African Republic
Niger
Mali
Burkina Faso
Sierra Leone
Burundi
Chad
Sao Tome 0.59 South Sudan
Lao Peopl 0.60 Central African Republic
Vanuatu 0.60 Niger
Banglade 0.61 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50
Kiribati 0.61
Bhutan 0.61
Timor-Les 0.62
003000 3000
4000 5000
4000
6000 5000
7000 8000
6000 7000 Somalia
9000 10000
Tuvalu
per
percapita
capita
HDI has slown down from 2010 to 2017 than in the previous decade.
opment index, 2017
Medium human
development
Low human
development
0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70
2. Committee for development policy (CDP) Review 2012, 2015 and 2018
Economic Human Assets Economic Human Assets
Vulnerability Vulnerability
Index a (EVI) Index b (HAI) Index a (EVI) Index b (HAI)
Country
CDP 2012 review CDP 2015 review
Afghanistan 38.8 22.5 35.1 43.1

Angola 51.3 31.6 39.7 41.9
Bangladesh 32.4 54.7 25.1 63.8
Benin 36.2 41.1 31.2 50.1
Bhutan 44.2 59.0 40.2 67.9
Burkina Faso 37.5 29.2 39.5 36.5
Burundi 57.2 20.8 49.9 41.0
Cambodia 50.5 57.9 38.3 67.2
Central African Republic 35.7 21.6 33.5 22.9
Chad 52.8 18.1 46.0 24.4
Comoros 49.9 45.3 45.8 54.2
Democratic Republic of the Congo 35.4 21.7 30.3 29.9
Djibouti 46.3 42.4 37.7 54.6
Equatorial Guinea 43.7 43.0 39.3 54.8
Eritrea 59.0 35.6 56.8 41.2
Ethiopia 33.5 28.2 31.8 39.2
Gambia 67.8 49.2 70.7 62.1
Guinea 28.6 36.8 24.9 38.7
Guinea-Bissau 60.5 34.2 53.6 44.8
Haiti 47.3 35.6 34.1 39.3
Kiribati 82.0 86.9 71.5 86.3
Lao People’s Democratic Republic 37.1 61.4 36.2 60.8
Lesotho 45.9 62.1 42.9 62.9
Liberia 61.0 38.5 57.9 46.2
Madagascar 38.0 52.5 36.7 53.5
Malawi 51.9 44.1 41.1 53.7
Mali 36.8 30.2 33.3 45.5
Mauritania 44.2 47.1 41.2 49.5
Mozambique 44.4 30.7 38.1 41.7
Myanmar 45.0 68.8 33.7 72.7
Nepal 27.8 59.8 26.8 68.7
Niger 38.6 24.3 37.6 34.7
Rwanda 47.3 42.2 40.7 51.5
Samoa 51.1 92.8 39.2 77.4
Sao Tome and Principe 46.1 74.9 33.0 55.9
Senegal 36.1 47.0 48.9 34.8
Sierra Leone 48.5 24.8 50.8 71.7
Solomon Islands 55.2 65.1 36.3 7.8
Somalia 50.1 1.4 56.0 29.1
Sudan 44.4 52.6 49.9 56.6
Timor-Leste 53.3 48.1 55.0 57.4
Togo 35.4 45.5 33.6 58.7
Tuvalu 63.9 88.1 54.0 88.8
Uganda 36.2 45.8 31.8 53.6
United Republic of Tanzania 28.7 40.1 28.8 52.0
Vanuatu 46.8 77.7 47.7 81.3
Yemen 38.5 52.3 35.4 59.8
Zambia 53.0 36.9 45.6 40.8
LDCs c) 41.3 43.6 35.1 52.3
Source: United Nations Committee for Development Policy (CDP) database, 2012, 2015 and 2018 review
Notes:
a)
EVI :higher values indicate higher vulnerablity.See explanotory notes at http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/policy/cdp/cdp_publi
b)
HAI : lower values indicate weaker human asset development. See explanotory notes at http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/polic
c)
Total LDCs: weighted average by GDP current value, with 2017 values for 2018 review (UNCTADstat database, November 2018)
Economic Human Assets
Vulnerability
Index a (EVI) Index b (HAI)
CDP 2018 review
39.3 48.4 weighted average

36.8 52.5 CDP review 2012 CDP review 2015
25.2 73.2 EVI 41.3 35.1
34.3 49.8 HAI 43.6 52.3
36.3 72.9
38.2 42.9
44.5 38.5 LDCs
60.0 Economic Vulnerabilty index (EVI) and Hum
34.8 68.9 (HAI)
33.6 17.4 50.0
52.4 22.1
52.4 49.4 40.0
27.2 41.9
36.3 58.0 30.0
graduated graduated
54.7 42.9 20.0
32.1 45.3
72.2 51.8 10.0
30.2 39.5
52.4 41.7 0.0
CDP review 2012 CDP review 2015
30.6 48.0
73.7 84.0 EVI HAI
33.7 72.8 EVI :higher values indicate higher vulnerablity; weighted by GDP
42.0 61.6 HAI : lower values indicate weaker human asset development; weighted by GDP
53.2 37.2
37.8 54.5
47.1 52.5
36.8 43.1
39.9 46.9
36.7 45.8
31.7 68.5
28.4 71.2
35.3 35.4
36.4 55.0
41.2 86.0
33.4 57.1
51.6 27.4
51.9 74.8
34.7 16.7
55.6 25.8
49.2 53.0
56.8 66.6
28.3 61.8
56.0 90.1
31.7 50.2
27.9 56.0
47.0 78.5
38.6 59.2
40.5 58.6
33.9 57.1
evelopment/desa/policy/cdp/cdp_publications/2008cdphandbook.pdf
ww.un.org/en/development/desa/policy/cdp/cdp_publications/2008cdphandbook.pdf
tat database, November 2018)
CDP review 2018
33.9
57.1
y index (EVI) and Human assets Index
CDP review 2015 CDP review 2018

EVI HAI
lopment; weighted by GDP

3. Indicators on Area and Population, 2018
Area Population
poverty:
a c c population
Land area density Urban below 1$90
Per cent of arable per cent of land a day bc
Country land and land under area covered by
permanent crops forest
Thousand Population per
square square kilometer of Per cent
kilometers land area
Afghanistan 652.9 12.1 2.1 55.7 25.5 ..

Angola 1246.7 4.2 46.6 24.7 65.5 30.1
Bangladesh 130.2 65.4 11.0 1,278.1 36.6 14.8
Benin 112.8 28.4 39.1 101.9 47.3 48.6
Bhutan 38.1 3.0 71.8 21.4 40.9 1.5
Burkina Faso 273.6 23.0 20.0 72.2 29.4 43.7
Burundi 25.7 60.4 10.4 436.8 13.0 71.7
Cambodia 176.5 24.4 55.0 92.0 23.4 ..
Central African Republic 623.0 3.0 35.6 7.6 41.4 66.3
Chad 1259.2 3.9 4.1 12.2 23.1 38.4
Comoros 1.9 63.4 20.3 447.3 29.0 18.1
Democratic Republic of the Congo 2267.1 3.5 67.6 37.1 44.5 77.1
Djibouti 23.2 0.1 0.2 41.9 77.8 22.5
Eritrea 101.0 6.9 15.0 51.4 40.1 ..
Ethiopia 1000.0 16.3 12.4 107.5 20.8 26.7
Gambia 10.1 44.0 47.9 213.8 61.3 10.1
Guinea 245.7 15.5 26.2 53.1 36.1 35.3
Guinea-Bissau 28.1 19.6 70.8 67.8 43.4 67.1
Haiti 27.6 49.0 3.6 403.2 55.3 23.5
Kiribati 0.8 42.0 15.0 146.2 54.1 ..
Lao People's Democratic Republic 230.8 7.2 79.6 30.2 35.0 22.7
Lesotho 30.4 8.3 1.5 74.5 28.2 59.6
Liberia 96.3 7.3 44.0 50.4 51.2 38.6
Madagascar 581.8 7.1 21.5 45.1 37.2 77.6
Malawi 94.3 41.8 33.8 203.3 16.9 71.4
Mali 1220.2 5.4 4.0 15.7 42.4 49.7
Mauritania 1030.7 0.4 0.2 4.4 53.7 6
Mozambique 786.4 7.6 48.8 38.8 36.0 62.9
Myanmar 653.1 18.8 46.1 82.4 30.6 6.4
Nepal 143.4 16.2 25.4 206.7 19.7 15
Niger 1266.7 12.6 0.9 17.6 16.4 44.5
Rwanda 24.7 58.1 18.9 506.7 17.2 56
Sao Tome and Principe 1.0 49.7 55.8 217.5 72.8 32.3
Senegal 192.5 17.2 43.4 84.6 47.2 38
Sierra Leone 72.2 24.2 40.4 107.0 42.1 52.2
Solomon Islands 28.0 3.6 78.5 22.3 23.7 25.1
Somalia 627.3 1.8 10.4 24.2 45.0 ..
South Sudan 619.7 4.5 11.5 21.1 19.6 42.7
Sudan 1861.5 9.3 10.5 23.5 34.6 14.9
Timor-Leste 14.9 15.5 47.6 89.0 30.6 30.3
Togo 54.4 51.8 4.2 146.9 41.7 49.2
Tuvalu 0.0 60.0 33.3 376.2 62.4 3.3
Uganda 200.5 45.4 11.7 221.6 23.8 41.6
United Republic of Tanzania 885.8 17.7 52.8 66.7 33.8 49.1
Vanuatu 12.2 11.9 36.1 23.1 25.3 13.2
Yemen 528.0 2.9 1.0 54.8 36.6 18.8
Zambia 743.4 5.0 65.9 23.7 43.5 57.5
LDCs 20244.0 9.4 27.4 50.9 33.6 36.1
African LDCs and Haiti 17660.5 8.6 27.2 90.9 34.2 46.7
Asian LDCs 2552.9 15.1 26.6 673.8 32.3 13.1
Islands LDCs 61.5 11.5 58.7 169.8 32.0 24.8
ODCs 56297.4 14.1 28.3 87.8 53.9 10.3
Sources: FAO, FAOSTAT (data for 2015, accessed November 2018); United Nations/DESA/Population Division (accessed November 2018); World Bank, WDI database (accessed November 2018)
Notes: a) Land area: country area excluding Inland water

b)
Poverty headcount ratio at $1.90 a day (2011 PPP) (% of population), refers to latest data 2008-2017
c)
Total values for LDCs, African LDCs and Haiti, Asian LDCs, Islands LDCs and ODCs: weighted average by population size.
Thousand
square
kilometers
poverty
Bhutan 38.1 1.5
Tuvalu 0.0 3.3
Mauritania 1030.7 6
Myanmar 653.1 6.4
Gambia 10.1 10.1
Vanuatu 12.2 13.2
Bangladesh 130.2 14.8
Sudan 1861.5 14.9
Nepal 143.4 15
Comoros 1.9 18.1
Yemen 528.0 18.8
Djibouti 23.2 22.5
Lao People's Democratic Rep 230.8 22.7
Haiti 27.6 23.5
Solomon Islands 28.0 25.1
Ethiopia 1000.0 26.7
Angola 1246.7 30.1
Timor-Leste 14.9 30.3 Land area vs poverty
Sao Tome and Principe 1.0 32.3 90
Guinea 245.7 35.3
Senegal 192.5 38
Chad 1259.2 38.4 80
Liberia 96.3 38.6
Uganda 200.5 41.6
70
w 1$90
60
80
South Sudan 619.7 42.7 70

Burkina Faso 273.6 43.7
Niger 1266.7 44.5
Poverty, % population below 1$90

Benin 112.8 48.6 60
United Republic of Tanzania 885.8 49.1
Togo 54.4 49.2
Mali 1220.2 49.7 50
Sierra Leone 72.2 52.2
Rwanda 24.7 56
Zambia 743.4 57.5 40
Lesotho 30.4 59.6
Mozambique 786.4 62.9
30
Central African Republic 623.0 66.3
Guinea-Bissau 28.1 67.1
Malawi 94.3 71.4
20
Burundi 25.7 71.7
Democratic Republic of the 2267.1 77.1
Madagascar 581.8 77.6 10
Afghanistan 652.9 ..
Cambodia 176.5 ..
Eritrea 101.0 .. 0
Kiribati 0.8 .. 0.0 500.0 1000.0 1500.0 2000.0
Somalia 627.3 ..
Land area, thousand square kilometers
Population
per square
kilometer of
land area
poverty
Bhutan 21.4 1.5
Tuvalu 376.2 3.3
Mauritania 4.4 6 Density of population vs poverty
Myanmar 82.4 6.4
90
80
Density of population vs poverty
Gambia 213.8 10.1 90
Vanuatu 23.1 13.2
Bangladesh 1,278.1 14.8
Sudan 23.5 14.9 80
Nepal 206.7 15
Comoros 447.3 18.1
Yemen 54.8 18.8 70
Djibouti 41.9 22.5
Poverty (% of population below 1$90-a-day)

Haiti 403.2 23.5 60
Ethiopia 107.5 26.7
Angola 24.7 30.1
50
Timor-Leste 89.0 30.3
Sao Tome and Principe 217.5 32.3
Guinea 53.1 35.3
Senegal 40
84.6 38
Chad 12.2 38.4
Liberia 50.4 38.6
Uganda 221.6 41.6 30
South Sudan 21.1 42.7
Burkina Faso 72.2 43.7
Niger 17.6 44.5 20
Benin 101.9 48.6
Togo 146.9 49.2 10
Mali 15.7 49.7
Sierra Leone 107.0 52.2
Rwanda 506.7 56 0
Zambia 23.7 57.5 - 200.0 400.0 600.0 800.0 1,000.0 1,200.0
Lesotho 74.5 59.6
Mozambique Density of population (population per km 2 )
38.8 62.9
0
- 200.0 400.0 600.0 800.0 1,000.0 1,200.0
Density of population (population per km 2 )

Malawi 203.3 71.4
Burundi 436.8 71.7
Democratic Republic of the 37.1 77.1
Madagascar 45.1 77.6
Afghanistan 55.7 ..
Cambodia 92.0 ..
Eritrea 51.4 ..
Kiribati 146.2 ..
Somalia 24.2 ..
Somalia 22.8 ..
Urban poverty
Bhutan 40.9 1.5
Tuvalu 62.4 3.3
Mauritania 53.7 6
Myanmar 30.6 6.4
Gambia 61.3 10.1
Vanuatu 25.3 13.2
Bangladesh 36.6 14.8
Sudan 34.6 14.9
Nepal 19.7 15
Comoros 29.0 18.1
Yemen 36.6 18.8
Djibouti 77.8 22.5
Haiti 55.3 23.5
Ethiopia 20.8 26.7
Angola 65.5 30.1
Timor-Leste 30.6 30.3
Urban population vs poverty

90.0
Sao Tome and Principe 72.8 32.3
Guinea 36.1 35.3
Urban population vs poverty
Senegal 47.2 38 90.0
Chad 23.1 38.4
Liberia 51.2 38.6 80.0
Uganda 23.8 41.6
South Sudan 19.6 42.7
Burkina Faso 70.0
29.4 43.7
Niger 16.4 44.5
Benin 47.3 48.6 60.0
% urban population
Togo 41.7 49.2 50.0
Mali 42.4 49.7
Sierra Leone 42.1 52.2 40.0
Rwanda 17.2 56
Zambia 43.5 57.5 30.0
Lesotho 28.2 59.6
Mozambique 36.0 62.9
20.0
Malawi 10.0
16.9 71.4
Burundi 13.0 71.7
Democratic Republic of the 44.5 77.1 0.0
Madagascar 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0
37.2 77.6
Afghanistan 25.5 .. % population below 1$90-a-day
Cambodia 23.4 ..
Eritrea 40.1 ..
Kiribati 54.1 ..
Somalia 45.0 ..
Somalia 22.8 ..
y
0 2000.0 2500.0
ters
verty
verty
1,000.0 1,200.0 1,400.0
m2)
1,000.0 1,200.0 1,400.0
m2)
70.0 80.0 90.0
4. Real GDP growth, 2009-2018, selected years
(Annual growth rates, per cent)
Country average 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 a

2009-2016
Afghanistan 6.3 6.5 3.1 -1.8 3.6 3.2

Angola 3.5 5.0 4.1 3.0 -0.7 1.9
Bangladesh 6.2 6.0 6.1 6.6 7.1 7.2
Benin 4.4 6.9 6.5 5.0 5.0 5.4
Bhutan 6.3 2.1 5.5 5.2 6.7 6.9
Burkina Faso 5.5 5.8 4.3 3.9 5.9 6.4
Burundi 2.7 4.9 4.7 -4.1 -1.0 0.0
Cambodia 6.1 7.4 7.1 7.0 7.2 7.0
Central African Republic -4.9 -36.7 1.0 4.8 -10.3 4.7
Chad 4.8 -5.9 3.4 4.4 -3.4 0.1
Comoros 4.8 9.6 5.9 2.6 4.5 2.8
Democratic Republic of the Congo 6.4 8.5 9.5 6.9 2.5 3.0
Djibouti 5.2 5.0 6.0 6.5 6.7 6.8
Eritrea 4.7 3.1 5.0 4.8 3.5 3.2
Ethiopia 10.2 10.4 9.9 9.6 7.6 6.5
Gambia 3.3 4.8 0.9 4.7 2.1 2.6
Guinea 3.9 3.9 3.7 4.5 5.2 5.6
Guinea-Bissau 3.5 3.3 0.2 5.1 5.2 5.4
Haiti 1.9 4.2 2.8 1.2 1.4 1.3
Kiribati 2.8 5.0 0.4 7.5 4.2 2.0
Lesotho 4.2 2.2 2.3 5.6 2.9 2.9
Liberia 5.4 8.1 0.7 0.3 -1.6 2.9
Madagascar 1.7 2.3 3.3 3.0 4.1 4.3
Malawi 4.7 6.3 6.6 2.8 3.0 3.8
Mali 9.0 7.0 7.8 7.6 7.9 5.3
Mauritania 3.8 6.2 5.6 3.1 1.7 3.8
Mozambique 6.5 7.1 7.4 6.6 3.8 4.1
Myanmar 7.8 8.4 8.0 7.0 5.7 7.3
Nepal 3.9 4.1 6.0 2.7 0.6 7.5
Niger 5.4 5.3 7.5 4.0 5.0 5.2
Rwanda 6.8 4.7 7.0 6.9 5.9 6.1
Senegal 4.2 3.5 4.3 6.5 6.6 6.4
Sierra Leone 4.5 20.7 4.6 -20.3 6.1 5.5
Solomon Islands 3.7 3.0 2.0 1.8 3.2 3.0
Somalia 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5
South Sudan
Sudan c 3.5 5.3 1.6 4.9 3.0 4.2
Timor-Leste -1.3 -10.9 -26.0 20.9 5.0 5.1
Togo 5.2 6.1 6.1 5.5 5.1 5.0
Tuvalu
Uganda 5.2 4.7 4.6 5.7 2.3 5.2
Vanuatu 1.9 2.0 2.3 -1.0 4.0 4.2
Yemen -6.9 -1.6 -9.6 -28.1 -9.8 -7.5
Zambia 6.1 5.1 4.7 2.9 3.6 3.2
LDCs 5.2 5.2 5.1 4.2 4.3 4.8
Asian LDCs 5.3 5.7 4.9 3.4 5.2 6.1
Islands LDCs 1.3 -4.8 -11.9 11.0 4.2 4.2
ODCs 5.2 5.3 4.7 4.5 4.3 4.5
Sources: UNCTAD secretariat

calculations based on data from UN
World Economic Situation
and Prospects 2018 and Update as of
mid-2018
Notes: a Data for 2017 are partly estimated.
b
Data for 2018 are baseline scenario forecasts, based in part on Project LINK and the UN/DESA World Economic Forecasting Model.
c
Sudan include South Sudan until
2012. South Sudan and Tuvalu are
not included in the analysis due to
insufficient data.
2018 b
4.0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

2.7 LDCs 4.9 6.7 4.9 6.1 5.2 5.1
7.1 African LDCs and Haiti 5.1 6.7 4.4 6.1 5.7 5.3
6.0 Asian LDCs 6.3 6.3 4.1 6.5 5.7 4.9
7.1 Islands LDCs -2.6 1.3 9.3 4.1 -4.8 -11.9
6.4 ODCs 3.3 7.9 6.4 5.5 5.3 4.7
0.0
7.1
5.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
6.8 Real GDP growth, 2009-2018
2002-2017
3.4 15.0
15
7.3
3.6 10.0
10
5.4
4.8 5.0
5
1.3
1.8 0.0
0
7.3
3.6 -5.0
-5
4.3
4.5 -10.0
-10
4.4
5.1 -15
-15.0
5.2 2009
2009 2010 2011
2011 201220122013 2013
2014 2014
2015 2016
2015 2017
2016 20
3.8
7.2 LDCs African LDCs and Haiti As
4.6 Islands LDCs ODCs Row
5.5
6.7
5.3
6.4
5.7
2.8
3.3
4.1
5.5
5.3
5.7
6.8
3.8
-4.3
4.2
5.4
4.6
6.2
4.3
4.7
Economic Forecasting Model.

2015 2016 2017 2018
4.2 4.3 4.8 5.4
5.1 3.5 4.2 4.6
3.4 5.2 6.1 6.2
11.0 4.2 4.2 4.3
4.5 4.3 4.5 4.7
002-2017
009-2018
015
14 2016
2015 2017
2016 20182017 2018
Cs and Haiti Asian LDCs

Row 10
5. Real GDP per capita growth, 2009-2018, selected years
(Annual average growth rates, per cent)
average
Country 2009-2016 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 a 2018 b
Afghanistan 3.3 3.3 -0.1 -4.2 1.2 0.8 1.6
Angola 0.0 1.5 0.6 -0.3 -4.0 -1.4 -0.6
Bangladesh 5.1 4.8 4.9 5.6 6.1 6.2 6.1
Benin 1.6 4.1 3.7 2.3 2.3 2.7 3.3
Bhutan 4.7 0.5 3.9 4.0 5.5 5.7 5.9
Burkina Faso 2.5 2.8 1.3 1.0 3.0 3.5 3.5
Burundi -0.4 1.9 1.7 -7.3 -4.2 -3.2 -3.2
Cambodia 4.5 5.8 5.5 5.5 5.7 5.5 5.6
Central African Republic -5.6 -37.1 0.6 3.2 -11.9 3.1 3.4
Chad 1.6 -9.2 0.1 1.4 -6.4 -2.9 0.0
Comoros 2.4 7.2 3.5 0.4 2.3 0.6 0.8
Democratic Republic of the Congo 3.1 5.2 6.2 3.7 -0.7 -0.2 -0.2
Djibouti 3.5 3.3 4.3 5.0 5.2 5.3 5.3
Eritrea 2.7 1.1 3.0 2.5 1.2 0.9 1.1
Ethiopia 7.6 7.8 7.3 7.2 5.2 4.1 4.9
Gambia 0.2 1.7 -2.2 1.7 -0.9 -0.4 0.6
Guinea 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.9 2.6 3.0 2.8
Guinea-Bissau 1.0 0.7 -2.4 2.7 2.8 3.0 2.4
Haiti 0.5 2.8 1.4 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1
Kiribati 1.0 3.2 -1.4 5.8 2.5 0.3 0.1
Lao People's Democratic Republic 6.3 6.7 6.3 6.2 5.6 5.8 5.9
Lesotho 3.0 0.9 1.0 4.3 1.6 1.6 2.3
Liberia 2.6 5.5 -1.9 -2.2 -4.1 0.4 1.8
Madagascar -1.0 -0.4 0.6 0.3 1.4 1.6 1.8
Malawi 1.8 3.4 3.7 -0.1 0.1 0.9 1.5
Mali 6.0 4.1 4.9 4.6 4.9 2.3 2.1
Mauritania 0.9 3.3 2.7 0.4 -1.0 1.1 2.5
Mozambique 3.6 4.2 4.5 3.7 0.9 1.2 0.9
Myanmar 6.9 7.5 7.1 6.1 4.8 6.4 6.3
Nepal 2.8 2.9 4.8 1.6 -0.5 6.4 3.5
Niger 1.6 1.5 3.7 0.2 1.2 1.4 1.7
Rwanda 4.3 2.2 4.5 4.5 3.5 3.7 4.3
Sao Tome and Principe 1.8 2.6 4.3 1.6 -2.1 2.8 3.1
Senegal 1.3 0.5 1.3 3.7 3.8 3.6 3.6
Sierra Leone 2.2 18.4 2.3 -22.4 4.0 3.4 3.6
Solomon Islands 1.6 0.9 -0.1 -0.1 1.3 1.1 0.9
Somalia -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.4 0.4
South Sudan -3.4 -3.3 -3.3 -2.7 -2.7 -2.7 -2.7
Sudan c 1.2 3.0 -0.7 2.5 0.6 1.8 1.7
Timor-Leste -3.4 -13.1 -28.2 18.8 2.9 3.0 3.4
Togo 2.6 3.5 3.5 3.1 2.7 2.6 2.9
Tuvalu -0.9 -0.9 -0.9 -0.9 -0.9 -0.9 -0.9
Uganda 1.8 1.3 1.2 2.5 -0.9 2.0 2.5
United Republic of Tanzania 3.5 4.2 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.4 3.7
Vanuatu -0.4 -0.3 0.0 -3.1 1.9 2.1 1.7
Yemen -9.5 -4.2 -12.2 -30.4 -12.1 -9.8 -6.6
Zambia 3.1 2.1 1.7 -0.1 0.6 0.2 1.2
LDCs 2.8 2.8 2.7 1.8 2.0 2.5 3.1
African LDCs and Haiti 2.3 2.8 2.4 2.2 0.6 1.4 1.8
Asian LDCs 3.9 4.2 3.4 2.1 3.9 4.8 4.9
Islands LDCs -0.9 -7.0 -14.2 8.9 2.1 2.1 2.2
ODCs 3.7 3.7 3.2 2.9 2.8 3.3 3.6
Sources: UNCTAD secretariat

calculations based on data from UN
World Economic Situation
and Prospects 2018 and Update as
of mid-2018; United
Nations/DESA/Population Division
(accessed November 2018)
Notes: a Data for 2017 are partly estimated.
b
Data for 2018 are baseline scenario forecasts, based in part on Project LINK and the UN/DESA World Economic Forecasting Model.
c
Sudan include South Sudan until
2012. South Sudan and Tuvalu are
not included in the analysis due to
insufficient data.
mic Forecasting Model.
6. Gross fixed capital formation, gross domestic savings and external resource gap in LDCs, 2009-2016, selected ye
(per cent of real GDP)
Gross fixed capital formation Gross domestic savings
Country average average
2009- 2013 2014 2015 2016 2009- 2013 2014
2016 2016
Afghanistan 17.2 16.7 17.6 19.0 17.2 0.8 7.8 8.0
Angola 28.9 26.2 27.5 28.5 25.0 40.4 40.8 37.6
Bangladesh 28.0 28.4 28.6 28.9 29.7 21.8 22.0 22.1
Benin 22.9 28.0 24.4 22.0 18.8 12.1 14.1 16.0
Bhutan 56.6 46.5 53.5 54.3 55.0 33.5 32.0 30.7
Burkina Faso 27.8 31.8 24.9 31.6 31.1 17.5 17.6 16.8
Burundi 15.4 13.4 14.5 16.9 16.9 -8.5 -13.8 -11.4
Cambodia 19.1 18.7 20.9 21.4 21.7 15.7 17.0 17.3
Central African Republic 12.0 8.1 9.5 13.0 12.8 -2.9 -3.1 -14.0
Chad 19.4 21.6 20.2 16.9 13.1 22.7 27.2 27.3
Comoros 12.8 13.0 12.0 12.2 13.3 -4.6 -5.3 -7.3
Dem. Rep. of the Congo 20.5 21.7 23.1 19.4 17.4 14.1 17.3 18.2
Djibouti 30.7 31.4 24.7 37.7 32.5 -2.6 -5.8 -12.4
Eritrea 8.7 8.7 7.9 7.6 7.4 0.1 3.6 4.0
Ethiopia 33.2 33.4 36.9 39.2 38.3 17.2 17.6 20.5
Gambia 22.1 21.9 21.2 20.9 18.8 5.2 10.5 0.3
Guinea 22.8 23.4 22.7 22.3 25.2 -0.4 -4.0 -0.6
Guinea-Bissau 7.8 5.7 6.5 12.1 14.0 -0.6 -0.7 -0.9
Haiti 29.2 30.0 30.9 32.4 30.2 -6.2 -4.0 -3.3
Kiribati 42.0 43.2 43.3 43.5 42.2 -34.8 -38.8 -38.9
Lao People's Dem. Rep. 27.0 27.3 26.4 28.2 26.4 18.5 12.8 12.4
Lesotho 25.0 28.0 27.9 27.8 7.0 -25.6 -24.8 -20.4
Liberia 34.7 57.2 22.7 40.8 40.2 3.5 26.8 3.6
Madagascar 27.1 30.2 18.4 22.7 21.5 18.0 24.3 9.4
Malawi 12.6 12.7 12.0 12.2 10.2 1.0 6.0 6.4
Mali 17.8 16.9 16.9 16.8 17.2 11.5 10.5 9.0
Mauritania 46.4 55.0 54.3 60.0 47.0 27.3 33.8 25.5
Mozambique 27.9 39.4 43.1 32.0 20.5 2.9 0.8 4.0
Myanmar 29.0 31.5 31.7 34.6 32.9 29.5 32.7 28.4
Nepal 23.6 22.6 23.5 28.0 28.8 10.2 10.6 11.9
Niger 36.4 36.0 37.0 38.7 31.8 15.5 19.7 19.2
Rwanda 24.2 25.4 24.4 25.8 25.3 5.8 8.7 7.1
Sao Tome and Principe 28.3 24.4 33.7 35.4 31.1 -15.5 -13.8 -5.2
Senegal 24.5 25.4 25.6 25.6 26.1 6.8 6.6 5.2
Sierra Leone 20.6 13.9 12.1 15.5 16.8 -4.4 0.8 -14.2
Solomon Islands 17.9 21.0 16.0 16.6 19.8 8.0 9.4 5.8
Somalia 20.0 19.9 20.0 19.9 19.9 18.6 18.6 18.6
South Sudan 9.8 11.3 9.7 9.7 6.0 -3.4 1.0 10.4
Sudan 24.0 27.4 23.9 24.0 24.1 19.8 18.4 17.0
Timor-Leste 14.3 11.0 15.7 18.4 17.6 56.7 68.7 53.3
Togo 26.9 27.3 30.0 31.3 31.7 8.6 9.8 9.9
Tuvalu 29.8 36.7 25.9 9.1 24.3 0.5 2.2 1.5
Uganda 25.8 27.0 25.3 24.4 23.9 14.6 16.6 13.0
United Republic of Tanzania 31.2 30.0 32.6 34.3 33.5 20.3 14.6 22.0
Vanuatu 29.5 25.2 25.8 34.3 28.5 22.2 22.6 23.4
Yemen 17.5 17.6 16.2 16.6 14.2 2.3 5.3 0.6
Zambia 30.0 26.0 31.0 38.4 38.5 34.9 35.6 33.3
LDCs 26.2 26.6 26.8 27.9 27.1 20.4 21.3 20.3
African LDCs and Haiti 26.6 27.0 27.1 27.8 26.4 20.8 21.6 20.8
Asian LDCs 25.9 26.3 26.7 28.1 28.1 19.2 20.1 19.2
Islands LDCs 17.2 14.8 17.7 20.3 20.1 34.1 42.8 28.4
ODCs 31.3 31.6 31.7 32.1 31.3 35.2 35.8 35.3
Source: UNCTAD, UNCTADstat database (accessed November 2018)

Notes: a Sudan includes South Sudan until 2012
DCs, 2009-2016, selected years
ss domestic savings External resource gap

average
2015 2016 2009- 2013 2014 2015 2016
2016
5.1 6.4 -16.4 -8.9 -9.6 -14.0 -10.8
31.1 34.3 11.4 14.7 10.1 2.6 9.2
22.2 25.0 -6.2 -6.4 -6.5 -6.7 -4.7
15.7 8.4 -10.8 -13.9 -8.4 -6.3 -10.3
26.9 32.2 -23.1 -14.5 -22.9 -27.4 -22.8
16.7 21.8 -10.3 -14.2 -8.1 -14.9 -9.3
-6.8 -8.8 -23.9 -27.2 -25.9 -23.7 -25.7
17.8 18.7 -3.3 -1.7 -3.6 -3.6 -3.0
-7.7 -4.7 -14.8 -11.2 -23.5 -20.7 -17.5
20.8 23.6 3.3 5.7 7.1 3.9 10.5
-2.4 -2.5 -17.4 -18.3 -19.3 -14.6 -15.8
15.7 10.2 -6.3 -4.5 -4.9 -3.7 -7.2
-6.6 -8.2 -33.3 -37.2 -37.2 -44.2 -40.7
1.3 4.0 -8.6 -5.1 -3.9 -6.3 -3.4
21.9 22.4 -16.0 -15.8 -16.3 -17.2 -15.9
0.5 0.5 -16.9 -11.4 -21.0 -20.4 -18.3
-4.9 -6.3 -23.2 -27.4 -23.3 -27.2 -31.5
7.0 10.0 -8.4 -6.3 -7.4 -5.1 -4.1
1.9 -0.4 -35.4 -34.0 -34.2 -30.5 -30.6
-39.6 -35.4 -76.9 -82.0 -82.2 -83.1 -77.6
15.3 16.7 -8.5 -14.5 -14.0 -12.8 -9.8
-15.8 -32.3 -50.6 -52.7 -48.3 -43.6 -39.4
13.0 14.5 -31.2 -30.4 -19.1 -27.8 -25.8
17.7 14.5 -9.1 -5.8 -9.1 -5.0 -7.0
5.0 -2.0 -11.6 -6.7 -5.6 -7.2 -12.2
9.9 10.7 -6.3 -6.4 -7.9 -6.9 -6.5
19.6 21.9 -19.1 -21.1 -28.8 -40.4 -25.1
5.6 0.3 -25.1 -38.5 -39.1 -26.4 -20.3
26.2 26.6 0.5 1.2 -3.3 -8.4 -6.3
9.2 3.8 -13.4 -12.0 -11.6 -18.8 -25.0
16.1 17.5 -20.9 -16.3 -17.8 -22.5 -14.3
2.4 5.4 -18.4 -16.7 -17.3 -23.4 -19.9
-5.5 -5.6 -43.8 -38.2 -39.0 -40.9 -36.8
6.9 8.0 -17.7 -18.8 -20.3 -18.7 -18.1
-12.6 -12.6 -25.1 -13.1 -26.3 -28.1 -29.4
10.1 15.6 -9.8 -11.6 -10.2 -6.6 -4.2
18.6 18.6 -1.3 -1.3 -1.3 -1.3 -1.3
-16.6 14.9 -13.3 -10.3 0.7 -26.3 8.9
16.7 15.3 -4.2 -9.0 -6.9 -7.4 -8.8
39.2 27.9 42.3 57.6 37.5 20.8 10.2
10.3 12.3 -18.3 -17.5 -20.1 -21.0 -19.5
-20.3 1.9 -29.3 -34.5 -24.4 -29.4 -22.4
13.9 17.2 -11.1 -10.4 -12.3 -10.4 -6.7
25.8 24.4 -10.9 -15.4 -10.5 -8.4 -9.2
19.7 21.9 -7.3 -2.6 -2.3 -14.5 -6.5
-10.4 -19.8 -15.2 -12.3 -15.6 -27.0 -34.0
34.6 34.8 4.8 9.6 2.3 -3.9 -3.7
18.3 19.3 -5.9 -5.3 -6.6 -9.5 -7.8
18.4 19.1 -5.7 -5.4 -6.2 -9.4 -7.3
18.2 19.6 -6.7 -6.2 -7.5 -9.8 -8.5
20.7 15.8 17.0 28.0 10.7 0.4 -4.3
34.2 33.6 3.9 4.3 3.6 2.0 2.4
7. Share of value added in main economic sectors in LDCs, 2000-2016, selected years
(percentage of GDP)
Agriculture, hunting, forestry, Industry
fishing Manufacturing Non manufacturing
2000 2010 2016 2000 2010 2016 2000
Afghanistan 57.0 28.8 24.1 16.8 12.6 11.5 6.4
Angola 5.7 6.1 8.0 2.9 4.4 4.9 70.2
Bangladesh 25.5 17.8 14.8 15.2 16.9 17.9 10.1
Benin 25.5 25.4 23.0 23.4 15.4 14.9 8.0
Bhutan 27.4 17.5 17.3 8.4 9.1 7.8 27.6
Burkina Faso 32.8 35.1 30.3 13.2 7.4 10.8 8.4
Burundi 40.5 40.7 37.7 13.2 10.8 10.9 5.7
Cambodia 37.8 36.0 26.3 16.9 15.6 17.0 6.2
Central African Republic 41.4 41.2 31.9 10.9 18.6 19.4 8.0
Chad 33.3 35.9 27.5 7.5 7.3 10.3 5.7
Comoros 37.0 41.4 42.0 6.2 5.2 9.1 5.3
Dem. Rep. of the Congo 32.3 22.4 20.6 10.0 17.0 20.3 12.6
Djibouti 3.5 3.6 3.3 2.6 3.4 2.5 12.6
Eritrea 15.1 19.1 17.3 11.2 6.0 6.0 11.8
Ethiopia 47.8 45.3 36.8 5.8 4.2 4.3 6.6
Gambia 25.0 30.7 20.6 6.9 5.0 4.8 8.2
Guinea 22.7 18.6 20.2 3.0 11.3 6.7 29.7
Guinea-Bissau 43.3 46.2 44.2 13.9 11.6 12.9 0.8
Haiti 23.5 21.0 16.7 10.0 8.6 9.8 22.0
Kiribati 23.6 24.6 23.5 4.8 5.7 4.5 9.4
Lao People's Dem. Rep. 33.6 23.6 19.5 8.7 11.6 8.8 15.4
Lesotho 8.2 5.6 5.8 15.8 13.6 11.8 21.0
Liberia 71.7 70.7 72.9 0.3 5.8 5.4 0.3
Madagascar 33.3 28.4 34.6 7.4 11.2 4.6 4.3
Malawi 41.4 31.9 25.1 14.9 10.7 9.2 4.6
Mali 34.9 34.9 39.8 14.5 16.1 13.2 9.2
Mauritania 35.9 21.3 23.4 11.1 7.5 8.3 16.3
Mozambique 22.8 28.9 24.1 16.8 11.1 9.3 6.1
Myanmar 57.2 36.9 25.3 7.2 19.9 22.4 2.5
Nepal 37.7 35.4 31.6 9.2 6.3 5.7 8.1
Niger 41.2 43.8 41.1 6.4 5.1 6.3 6.3
Rwanda 39.2 30.2 31.5 7.0 6.6 6.3 6.4
Sao Tome and Principe 20.0 11.8 11.5 7.6 8.9 7.2 9.8
Senegal 19.1 17.5 17.1 14.7 13.8 11.4 8.6
Sierra Leone 48.3 55.2 59.9 3.3 2.3 1.9 6.1
Solomon Islands 34.7 28.7 26.9 8.0 8.0 8.6 4.7
Somalia 60.2 60.2 60.2 2.5 2.5 2.5 4.9
South Sudan .. .. 4.1 .. .. 1.9 ..
Sudan a 37.1 34.6 31.7 5.7 8.2 8.3 11.7
Timor-Leste .. 4.8 7.0 .. 0.2 0.3 ..
Togo 27.9 33.8 28.7 9.3 8.4 7.5 6.5
Tuvalu 20.2 27.6 24.3 0.8 1.1 1.0 6.5
Uganda 31.8 26.1 25.5 10.1 10.1 9.8 10.9
Vanuatu 25.6 21.9 27.0 4.8 5.1 3.6 7.7
Yemen 12.2 12.1 15.4 5.3 8.0 9.0 36.8
Zambia 17.4 10.0 5.1 10.2 8.0 7.7 14.8
LDCs (Least developed countries) 29.8 24.3 22.0 10.2 10.7 11.5 15.2
LDCs: Africa and Haiti 29.9 24.9 24.3 8.6 8.2 7.9 17.0
LDCs: Asia 29.8 23.5 18.8 12.6 15.0 16.7 12.8
LDCs: Islands 31.8 15.5 20.2 6.4 2.7 4.3 6.2
ODCs 9.4 8.7 8.5 15.4 21.2 21.1 21.1

ustry
Services
Non manufacturing
2010 2016 2000 2010 2016
8.7 10.5 19.8 49.8 53.9
46.8 41.1 21.2 42.7 46.0
9.3 10.9 49.2 56.0 56.5
9.3 9.2 43.1 49.9 52.9
35.5 35.6 36.6 37.9 39.2
12.9 14.9 45.6 44.7 44.0
5.4 4.4 40.7 43.0 47.1
7.6 14.3 39.1 40.7 42.4
Shar
5.5 6.1 39.7 34.8 42.6
29.4 22.3 53.5 27.4 39.9 12
3.2 2.7 51.5 50.3 46.2
23.5 22.9 45.1 37.0 36.2 10
15.6 19.3 81.3 77.4 74.9
17.1 17.5 61.9 57.8 59.1 8
6.2 16.8 39.8 44.3 42.2
per cent
8.1 9.0 64.7 56.2 65.6 6
23.0 30.2 44.6 47.1 42.9
1.8 1.9 41.9 40.3 41.1 4
25.1 28.2 44.6 45.4 45.3
4.6 9.7 62.2 65.1 62.4
2
19.4 23.7 42.2 45.5 48.0
19.2 20.5 55.0 61.7 61.8
0
5.6 3.3 27.6 18.0 18.4
7.6 3.4 55.0 52.8 57.5
5.7 7.2 39.1 51.7 58.5
9.2 6.0 41.3 39.7 41.0
33.4 27.8 36.7 37.8 40.4
7.5 11.8 54.2 52.5 54.8
6.6 12.5 33.1 36.7 39.8
8.8 8.4 45.0 49.5 54.2
11.6 11.7 46.1 39.4 40.8
9.2 11.4 47.4 53.9 50.8
9.3 9.5 62.6 70.1 71.9
9.6 12.0 57.6 59.2 59.6
5.8 3.9 42.2 36.7 34.3
5.3 6.6 52.6 57.9 57.9
4.9 4.9 32.5 32.5 32.5
.. 37.9 .. .. 56.1
14.7 12.4 45.6 42.5 47.6
79.6 68.9 .. 15.3 23.8
7.6 9.8 56.3 50.3 54.0
3.6 7.2 72.6 67.7 67.5
10.3 12.9 47.3 53.5 51.8
14.1 21.3 51.2 46.9 42.1
8.0 6.0 61.9 65.0 63.5
26.5 22.0 45.7 53.4 53.6
26.1 28.1 57.6 55.9 59.2
18.1 17.9 44.8 46.9 48.6
21.6 21.5 44.6 45.2 46.3
11.3 12.5 44.8 50.2 52.0
48.8 32.7 55.6 33.1 42.8
17.8 14.3 54.2 52.2 56.1
Share of Value added by sector, 1990 Share of Value added b
12
12
10 10
8 8
per cent
per cent
6 6
4 4
2 2
0
0
Column X Column Y Col
Column T Column U Column V
Share of Value added by sector, 2015

12
per cent
10
Column AF Column AG Column AH Column AI

Share of Value added by sector, 2000
Column X Column Y Column Z Column AA

8. Foreign direct investment inflows, 2002-2017, selected years
(Millions of dollars)
Country 2009-2016 2013 2014 2015 2016
Afghanistan 85.8 37.6 43.5 163.1 85.7
Angola -344.4 -7,120.0 1,921.7 9,282.2 4,104.4
Bangladesh 1,470.1 1,599.2 1,551.3 2,235.4 2,332.7
Benin 225.1 360.2 405.2 149.6 131.7
Bhutan 28.6 13.7 31.6 17.1 -12.7
Burkina Faso 259.6 490.3 355.9 231.7 390.3
Burundi 8.4 7.4 47.1 7.4 0.1
Cambodia 1,768.7 2,068.5 1,853.5 1,822.8 2,475.9
Central African Republic 28.3 1.9 3.5 3.0 7.4
Chad 274.8 520.2 -675.5 559.4 244.5
Comoros 9.7 4.2 4.7 5.1 8.0
Dem. Rep. of the Congo 1,927.7 2,098.2 1,843.2 1,673.5 1,204.7
Djibouti 127.9 286.0 153.0 124.0 160.0
Eritrea 56.8 43.9 46.5 49.3 52.3
Ethiopia 1,403.7 1,343.9 1,855.1 2,626.5 3,989.0
Gambia 25.0 25.5 35.6 12.5 -27.7
Guinea 457.7 134.0 77.1 48.2 1,597.3
Guinea-Bissau 21.7 19.6 28.9 18.6 24.0
Haiti 122.3 160.7 99.0 105.7 104.9
Kiribati 0.0 -0.1 1.2 0.8 2.1
Lao People's Dem. Rep. 540.9 426.7 720.8 1,118.7 997.4
Lesotho 127.1 123.3 161.7 168.9 132.2
Liberia 607.0 1,061.3 276.7 627.0 453.2
Madagascar 668.9 551.3 313.7 435.8 450.6
Malawi 257.8 445.5 598.8 287.7 325.6
Mali 399.0 307.9 144.0 275.3 356.2
Mauritania 563.1 1,125.7 501.0 502.1 271.2
Mozambique 3,831.9 6,175.1 4,901.8 3,866.8 3,093.4
Myanmar 1,956.8 584.3 946.2 2,824.0 2,989.0
Nepal 71.5 71.3 30.2 51.6 106.0
Niger 751.2 719.1 821.9 529.1 301.1
Rwanda 272.7 257.6 458.9 379.8 342.3
Sao Tome and Principe 26.3 12.2 27.1 28.6 22.2
Senegal 349.4 311.3 402.6 408.9 472.0
Sierra Leone 402.2 429.7 375.1 252.4 138.0
Solomon Islands 62.8 53.4 21.7 31.6 37.3
Somalia 198.2 258.0 261.0 303.0 334.0
South Sudan -135.2 -793.0 44.0 -71.0 -17.0
Sudan a 1,695.8 1,687.9 1,251.3 1,728.4 1,063.8
Timor-Leste 38.9 49.6 49.3 43.0 5.5
Togo 177.0 183.5 53.9 257.7 -46.3
Tuvalu 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
Uganda 875.4 1,096.0 1,058.6 737.7 625.7
United Republic of Tanzania 1,528.1 2,087.3 1,416.1 1,560.8 1,365.4
Vanuatu 31.6 -19.4 -18.2 29.1 21.6
Yemen -209.3 -133.6 -233.1 -15.4 -561.0
Zambia 1,352.6 2,099.8 1,488.8 1,304.9 662.9
LDCs (Least developed countries) 24,450.1 21,266.9 25,756.0 36,802.5 30,817.4
LDCs: Africa and Haiti 18,567.1 16,499.0 20,725.9 28,446.8 22,307.2
LDCs: Asia 5,713.0 4,667.7 4,944.0 8,217.2 8,413.2
LDCs: Islands 170.0 100.2 86.2 138.5 97.0
ODCs 618,611.5 626,688.7 659,368.0 706,996.8 639,286.8

2017
53.9 2009 2010 2011 2012
-2,254.5 LDCs 15,604 23,517 20,029 21,808
2,151.6 African LDCs and Haiti 13,146 13,539 15,979 17,894
184.4 Asian LDCs 2,292 9,671 3,757 3,742
10.3 Islands LDCs 166 307 293 172
485.9 ODCs 443,764 602,229 641,852 628,707
0.3
2,784.4
17.2
335.0 FDI inflows, 2002-2016
8.6 (millions of current dollars)
1,340.2
40,000
165.0 LDCs
55.5 ODCs
3,586.4 35,000
87.5
576.5
16.6 30,000
374.9
1.4 African LDCs and Haiti
813.0 25,000
LDCs and regions
135.0
247.8
389.1 20,000
277.1
265.6
15,000
329.6
2,293.1
4,341.0
198.0
10,000 Asian LDCs
334.3
366.2 5,000
41.0
532.3 Island LDCs
560.0 0 LDCs
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2
36.5
384.0
80.0
1,065.3
6.7
145.6
0.3
699.7
1,180.4
24.7
-269.9
1,091.2
25,548.6
15,347.0
10,082.3
119.2
644,805.4
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
21,267 25,756 36,802 30,817 25,549
16,499 20,726 28,447 22,307 15,347
4,668 4,944 8,217 8,413 10,082
100 86 139 97 119
626,689 659,368 706,997 639,287 644,805
s)
800,000
ODCs
700,000
600,000
ti
500,000
ODCs
400,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
0
2015 2016 2017
9. Migrant remittance inflows to LDCs, 2009-2017, selected years
Country Millions of dollars Percentage of GNI a
average average
2009-2016 2014 2015 2016 2017 2009-2016
Countries with remittances > 10 per cent of GNI in 2017

Nepal 5,034.6 5,888.7 6,729.9 6,611.8 6,928.1 27.5
Haiti 1,790.7 1,977.0 2,195.6 2,358.7 2,459.0 23.0
Gambia, The 123.0 137.8 136.0 207.4 215.7 13.5
Liberia 443.6 512.0 654.4 580.1 403.5 31.6
South Sudan 741.2 2.0 1,138.7 1,083.0 633.8 6.9
Comoros 113.3 126.0 128.8 130.6 138.4 19.3
Senegal 1,667.8 1,929.1 1,670.0 1,948.0 2,237.7 11.7
Lesotho 491.5 393.0 370.8 343.7 401.0 16.9
Yemen, Rep. 2,656.9 3,350.5 3,350.5 3,770.6 3,350.5 8.8
Countries with remittances between 5 per cent and 10 per cent of GNI in 2017
Togo 349.7 427.3 363.6 349.7 402.1 9.8
Guinea-Bissau 61.3 92.4 85.0 56.4 103.6 6.0
Tuvalu 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.3 7.9
Mali 742.8 920.3 801.5 787.9 1,039.9 6.1
Kiribati 16.5 16.8 16.1 17.5 18.4 5.9
Bangladesh 13,160.7 14,987.5 15,295.5 13,574.3 13,498.2 8.5
Countries with remittances < 5 per cent of GNI in 2017
Uganda 894.7 887.6 902.2 1,146.1 1,239.8 4.0
Myanmar 1,053.7 1,863.9 2,004.6 2,346.4 2,565.4 1.9
Burkina Faso 266.6 395.8 384.7 397.1 444.3 2.5
Timor-Leste 90.8 43.7 61.6 80.2 87.0 2.6
Congo, Dem. Rep. 692.0 756.4 1,166.6 593.5 1,273.8 2.5
Djibouti 40.4 35.5 63.3 58.0 62.1 2.4
Madagascar 341.7 344.4 326.8 299.2 342.8 3.6
Benin 204.2 304.3 214.3 221.5 266.3 2.5
Niger 158.3 218.8 171.5 176.3 197.8 2.3
Rwanda 155.2 183.6 159.2 172.5 215.3 2.2
Vanuatu 20.2 28.1 24.1 18.9 19.4 2.8
Mozambique 134.4 155.5 142.9 93.4 257.9 1.0
Bhutan 15.2 14.3 19.7 34.3 43.2 0.9
Cambodia 243.8 376.8 400.0 370.6 386.3 1.8
Afghanistan 267.6 249.8 341.3 368.0 378.2 1.4
Mauritania .. .. .. .. 77.2 ..
Solomon Islands 17.5 16.3 18.6 20.3 16.1 2.1
Sierra Leone 53.8 62.4 48.2 46.8 49.2 1.5
Burundi 42.7 56.3 51.0 31.3 33.7 1.8
Ethiopia 818.3 1,796.4 1,087.0 772.2 815.5 1.8
Malawi 30.1 38.5 41.5 34.3 40.9 0.5
Guinea 78.3 121.4 130.6 52.2 43.8 1.1
Zambia 50.2 58.3 47.0 38.5 93.6 0.2
Sudan 712.6 506.6 151.4 153.4 212.9 1.1
Angola 17.7 31.0 11.1 4.0 1.4 0.0
Central African Republic .. .. .. .. .. ..
Chad .. .. .. .. .. ..
Eritrea .. .. .. .. .. ..
Somalia .. .. .. .. .. ..
LDCs b 33,762.8 39,766.3 41,410.3 39,898.1 41,575.7 4.3
African LDCS and Haiti 11,447.1 12,733.0 12,902.5 12,416.1 13,999.6 2.5
Asian LDCs 22,502.3 26,771.6 28,234.6 27,192.5 27,274.3 7.5
Islands LDCs 276.7 261.8 273.2 289.5 301.7 4.5
ODCs 299,206.7 336,206.0 357,229.2 343,232.2 360,103.2 1.2
Source: UNCTAD secretariat based on World Bank, Data and analysis on migration and remittances, http://www.worldbank.org/migration
World development Indicators (WDI) database and UNSD, UNdata database (accessed November 2017)
Notes: a) GNI, Atlas method (current US$). World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.
b)
LDC aggregates excluding Central African Republic, Chad, Eritrea and Somalia for which data is unavailable.
centage of GNI a
2014 2015 2016 2017
28.3 31.9 31.5 29.8

22.7 25.2 27.7 29.3
15.8 15.7 23.6 22.8
31.3 38.5 33.7 22.5
0.0 9.4 22.7 ..
20.0 21.0 21.3 22.4
12.8 11.4 13.3 14.9
13.2 12.9 12.3 14.1
8.9 11.3 13.3 ..
10.9 8.0 7.6 8.5

8.5 7.7 4.8 8.4
7.9 6.7 7.1 7.7
6.7 5.8 5.6 7.3
4.7 4.1 5.4 5.7
8.8 8.0 6.3 5.6
8.3 6.0 5.2 5.0
3.5 3.4 4.4 4.8

2.9 3.2 3.7 4.0
3.3 3.4 3.5 3.8
1.3 1.7 2.8 3.8
2.3 3.3 1.6 3.5
.. 3.9 3.3 3.5
3.3 3.2 3.0 3.3
3.2 2.3 2.5 3.0
2.7 2.2 2.3 2.6
2.3 1.9 2.0 2.4
3.4 3.2 2.4 2.4
0.9 0.9 0.7 2.1
0.8 1.1 1.7 2.0
2.4 2.4 2.1 2.0
1.2 1.7 1.8 1.9
.. .. .. 1.6
1.5 1.6 1.8 1.4
1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3
2.0 1.8 1.1 1.1
3.4 1.8 1.1 1.1
0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9
0.3 0.7 0.8 0.8
0.6 0.7 0.6 0.7
1.5 1.6 0.6 0.4
0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4
0.7 0.2 0.2 0.2
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
.. .. .. ..
.. .. .. ..
.. .. .. ..
.. .. .. ..
4.4 4.5 4.3 4.2
2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4
7.8 7.9 7.1 6.2
3.9 3.9 4.7 5.3
1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4
http://www.worldbank.org/migration (accessed November 2018)
counts data files.

a is unavailable.
10. Selected indicators on foreign debt burden 2009-2017, selected years
External debt stocks (% of exports of goods,
External debt stocks (% of GNI current$) a services and primary income)
Country
average average
2009-2016 2015 2016 2017 2009-2016 2015
Countries with debt stocks > 100 per cent of GNI in 2017
Bhutan 86.8 107.3 114.0 113.3 217.7 269.1
Djibouti 73.9 74.1 96.0 112.5 189.9 195.2
Mozambique 54.4 71.3 99.5 100.8 178.5 243.5
Countries with debt stocks between 50 per cent and 100 per cent of GNI in 2017
Mauritania 67.9 81.5 85.0 85.2 148.2 222.0
Gambia, The 60.9 60.9 55.2 65.9 199.3 201.0
Zambia 35.7 56.5 75.8 65.2 91.4 142.8
Liberia 57.3 47.7 52.3 61.3 163.5 160.5
Cambodia 46.5 57.2 59.6 57.2 66.9 71.1
Senegal 36.4 44.5 47.1 56.2 123.6 139.6
Countries with debt stocks < 50 per cent of GNI in 2017
Eritrea 49.2 .. .. .. .. ..
Sierra Leone 35.4 37.3 50.4 47.3 160.5 196.9
Niger 34.3 41.2 43.5 47.2 157.4 205.4
Vanuatu 27.9 37.1 36.7 46.0 52.8 74.7
Uganda 26.0 36.0 40.3 44.3 133.0 201.2
Somalia 44.8 43.8 42.6 40.3 .. ..
Central African Republic 34.0 42.9 39.1 37.4 .. ..
Rwanda 21.9 27.0 33.7 37.4 137.8 144.2
Malawi 24.0 28.1 34.9 35.1 101.9 111.8
Ethiopia 26.8 32.7 32.7 33.2 232.0 349.3
Togo 31.5 24.9 26.0 32.8 62.5 56.7
Chad 24.2 27.9 32.6 31.9 .. ..
Lesotho 29.9 31.9 34.1 31.6 56.2 62.2
Angola 25.4 28.9 39.3 31.6 52.3 80.9
Benin 23.4 26.4 27.0 31.3 91.8 102.5
Madagascar 30.8 32.1 31.0 30.3 105.2 95.9
Mali 25.4 28.8 27.7 29.3 102.4 114.0
Solomon Islands 28.1 18.5 20.7 28.6 45.3 35.9
Haiti 19.1 24.0 26.9 26.2 102.9 116.1
Yemen, Rep. 22.5 20.1 26.0 .. 199.3 386.0
Comoros 36.6 22.9 25.6 25.3 214.4 126.7
Burkina Faso 23.5 26.3 25.3 25.0 94.4 90.0
Myanmar 22.1 26.0 23.6 24.5 115.3 101.6
Guinea-Bissau 53.9 29.3 24.4 24.3 250.5 92.0
Sudan 34.5 24.3 24.4 20.3 334.2 436.3
Nepal 21.5 19.1 20.1 20.1 175.7 154.8
Bangladesh 19.4 17.5 16.6 18.1 110.2 103.4
Burundi 25.9 20.4 20.1 17.7 325.0 323.5
Guinea 31.3 16.6 15.9 14.3 133.1 73.3
Congo, Dem. Rep. 26.7 15.3 14.8 14.0 79.9 50.8
Afghanistan 14.1 13.0 12.4 12.1 126.4 147.9
Timor-Leste 2.1 3.2 1.3 1.9 3.8 6.4
Kiribati .. .. .. .. .. ..
South Sudan .. .. .. .. .. ..
Tuvalu .. .. .. .. .. ..
LDCs b 27.1 28.4 30.6 29.9 136.2 168.5
African LDCS and Haiti 29.5 31.5 35.7 33.8 142.6 186.5
Asian LDCs 23.7 23.8 23.7 24.4 125.9 137.0
Islands LDCs 15.0 15.3 16.4 21.5 56.0 43.0
ODCs 16.8 17.9 18.1 18.8 77.3 86.5
Source: UNCTAD secretariat based on World Bank, World development Indicators (WDI) database (accessed November 2018)
Notes: a) Countries sorted by descending order 2016
b)
LDC aggregates excluding Kiribati, South Sudan and Tuvalu for which data is unavailable.
debt stocks (% of exports of goods, Total debt service (% of exports of goods,
rvices and primary income) services and primary income)
average
2016 2017 2009-2016 2015 2016 2017
346.9 353.1 14.2 17.2 16.6 10.5

287.0 338.5 8.2 7.1 10.0 11.1
276.3 216.5 3.8 6.6 6.7 5.0
259.6 248.6 11.3 9.1 10.7 13.4

227.2 207.3 7.6 12.7 13.4 13.2
241.2 276.3 10.7 2.9 2.8 3.4
210.2 247.5 11.7 14.4 15.3 16.9
207.3 179.4 4.1 6.7 9.9 18.1
239.8 252.9 3.1 8.7 3.1 3.5
76.3 73.1 4.2 4.9 5.4 3.9
159.5 212.6 8.3 8.9 9.5 14.2
.. .. .. .. ..
170.2 .. 3.0 6.6 3.8 ..
241.8 288.5 3.7 6.3 7.2 9.9
68.2 .. 1.7 1.9 2.1 ..
196.0 222.5 4.0 2.0 17.4 3.8
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
177.2 161.4 3.0 3.9 4.5 3.9
172.9 205.6 3.3 3.9 7.4 8.4
151.2 172.9 3.2 4.5 6.2 5.7
401.9 397.6 10.0 17.2 20.8 20.8
63.4 105.9 2.7 3.2 4.8 5.8
.. .. .. .. ..
64.7 60.7 2.9 3.7 4.2 3.6
123.5 103.8 10.2 15.6 25.1 13.4
103.5 114.5 3.6 3.6 4.2 4.2
88.5 82.2 2.9 4.5 3.7 3.2
110.1 127.6 2.8 3.3 3.5 4.5
40.3 53.6 4.3 2.4 3.9 3.9
128.9 138.4 3.4 1.9 5.4 1.5
738.4 .. 6.5 18.9 14.6 ..
137.8 124.6 6.2 7.3 4.4 1.9
81.8 86.0 2.9 3.8 3.5 3.7
103.0 106.4 6.2 8.1 12.3 5.2
94.5 87.8 3.4 1.0 2.2 2.4
455.2 387.3 6.0 10.7 6.3 4.2
167.2 165.7 9.4 8.5 9.3 8.5
102.8 120.1 5.6 4.7 4.7 5.5
289.1 245.5 11.2 13.9 16.0 14.4
55.2 31.7 6.9 5.3 2.5 1.4
50.2 38.3 4.5 3.7 4.8 3.0
187.1 186.7 1.5 2.9 4.0 4.0
4.5 5.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
196.8 179.2 5.9 8.1 9.9 7.8
220.1 215.8 6.1 9.0 11.9 9.3
163.7 128.1 5.8 6.8 7.2 5.8
47.9 47.5 1.9 1.5 1.7 1.3
91.5 83.7 8.9 9.9 13.0 11.4
essed November 2018)

11. Selected indicators on education, 2017*
Primary completion rate Net primary school enrolment Net secondary school enrolment
rate rate
Country
(per cent of secondary school-
(per cent of primary school-age population) age population)
Total Female Male Total Female Male Total
Afghanistan 40.7 26.6 53.7 .. .. .. 54.3
Angola .. .. .. 84.0 73.0 94.9 12.4
Bangladesh 80.0 84.4 75.1 90.5 93.0 88.1 57.2
Benin 59.4 56.2 61.9 97.0 88.2 99.9 45.0
Bhutan 67.9 70.0 65.9 79.9 80.1 79.6 62.4
Burkina Faso 30.9 29.5 32.1 76.4 75.4 77.4 26.8
Burundi 53.3 57.9 48.7 96.6 97.5 95.8 21.6
Cambodia 72.3 77.2 67.7 90.6 90.3 90.8 52.0
Central African Republic .. .. .. 70.6 62.1 79.1 13.6
Chad 27.3 23.7 30.6 79.1 68.7 89.3 ..
Comoros .. .. .. 79.8 78.9 80.7 43.9
Democratic Republic of the Congo 68.9 66.5 71.2 .. .. .. ..
Djibouti .. .. .. 59.1 55.7 62.3 35.9
Eritrea .. .. .. 37.4 35.6 39.1 22.4
Ethiopia 39.6 40.8 38.1 85.6 82.4 88.7 33.8
Gambia 62.0 60.2 64.0 77.6 81.4 73.8 37.7
Guinea 42.2 35.6 49.4 75.7 70.1 81.1 31.8
Guinea-Bissau 29.1 25.7 32.3 68.2 66.7 69.8 ..
Haiti 44.1 48.7 39.1 .. .. .. ..
Kiribati .. .. .. 95.1 .. .. 69.6
Lao People's Democratic Republic 67.1 68.2 66.1 93.3 92.8 93.8 60.0
Lesotho 64.9 78.2 52.6 80.9 81.6 80.2 37.1
Liberia 34.2 32.5 36.1 37.6 36.3 38.9 ..
Madagascar 39.0 42.6 35.4 .. .. .. 31.1
Malawi 54.3 58.5 50.5 97.5 95.3 89.9 36.7
Mali 42.0 37.8 45.5 55.7 52.5 58.8 31.1
Mauritania 38.3 34.8 42.4 79.2 81.1 77.4 24.3
Mozambique 41.5 39.4 43.7 89.1 86.8 91.4 18.6
Myanmar 83.2 84.5 81.8 97.7 87.3 88.2 62.5
Nepal 75.2 71.7 78.9 94.7 93.3 96.1 54.1
Niger 28.3 22.7 34.5 62.4 57.5 67.1 17.2
Rwanda 54.3 61.1 47.6 95.1 96.1 94.1 27.2
Senegal 43.4 41.8 45.0 71.4 74.8 68.2 ..
Sierra Leone 66.6 68.3 64.7 99.1 99.3 98.9 ..
Solomon Islands .. .. .. 69.5 69.8 69.3 31.0
Somalia .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
South Sudan 24.5 18.2 31.5 30.9 26.7 35.1 ..
Sudan 65.4 64.4 66.5 53.8 55.1 52.4 ..
Timor-Leste 60.1 63.8 56.6 78.7 79.8 77.7 55.8
Togo 61.3 57.6 64.6 90.0 87.1 92.8 36.4
Tuvalu .. .. .. 84.4 85.2 84.1 72.5
Uganda 39.4 43.2 35.7 93.7 95.1 92.2 22.2
Vanuatu 81.1 84.5 78.0 85.8 87.1 84.6 49.5
Yemen .. .. .. 84.8 77.8 91.6 41.7
Zambia 75.0 76.0 .. 87.4 88.3 86.5 ..
LDCs 56.2 56.3 54.2 82.4 80.9 82.9 39.0
African LDCs and Haiti 51.8 51.9 49.1 79.2 77.1 80.7 27.0
Asian LDCs 71.1 71.0 70.7 91.4 91.6 89.0 52.7
Island LDCs 63.7 67.6 60.2 85.8 85.8 85.2 47.6
ODCs 82.4 82.8 80.9 89.0 88.1 89.6 65.8
Sources: UNESCO, UIS database (accessed November 2018)

Notes: * 2017 or latest year available since 2006;
LDCs group and ODCs weighted by primary or secondary school-age population or by group age population.
Net secondary school enrolment Youth literacy rate
rate
(per cent of secondary school-

age population) (per cent of people aged 15-24)
Female Male Total Female Male

40.2 67.5 47.0 32.1 61.9
11.1 13.7 77.4 70.6 84.9
61.1 53.6 93.0 94.4 91.5
38.1 51.8 52.5 40.9 63.9
68.0 57.1 87.3 84.5 90.4
27.5 26.2 50.1 44.0 57.0
24.7 18.5 79.6 75.0 85.3
56.0 48.0 87.1 85.9 88.4
9.3 17.9 36.4 27.0 48.9
.. .. 30.8 22.4 40.7
45.5 42.5 71.6 69.6 73.8
.. .. 85.0 79.7 91.0
32.6 39.0 .. .. ..
22.5 22.4 87.0 82.6 91.3
32.9 34.7 55.0 47.0 63.0
41.3 34.1 60.8 56.1 66.0
25.3 38.2 46.3 37.2 57.0
.. .. 60.4 49.8 71.3
.. .. .. .. ..
75.5 64.1 .. .. ..
60.9 59.1 72.1 67.1 77.3
45.3 29.1 86.6 94.0 79.6
.. .. 49.1 37.2 63.5
31.6 30.5 76.8 75.3 78.4
36.0 37.3 72.9 73.4 72.5
27.7 34.3 49.4 39.2 60.5
23.5 25.1 56.1 47.7 66.4
18.8 18.5 67.1 56.5 79.8
64.3 60.7 84.8 84.4 85.1
53.3 54.8 84.8 80.2 89.9
13.9 20.4 23.5 15.1 34.5
29.3 25.2 82.3 83.5 81.1
70.7 63.7 96.7 96.4 97.1
.. .. 69.5 63.5 75.6
.. .. 57.0 50.9 64.5
28.9 33.0 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. 36.7 29.6 44.1
.. .. 65.8 62.7 68.7
59.7 52.1 79.5 78.6 80.5
31.3 41.4 84.3 78.4 89.7
82.9 63.2 .. .. ..
21.3 23.2 83.7 81.7 85.8
29.0 26.5 85.8 84.6 87.0
51.2 48.0 .. .. ..
33.2 49.9 .. .. ..
.. .. 88.7 86.5 91.2
38.3 39.8 73.8 69.8 78.1
25.8 28.2 67.8 62.6 73.7
52.7 52.8 85.0 83.6 86.4
49.5 45.8 78.1 76.8 79.5
66.0 65.5 92.2 90.2 94.0
12. Employment by sector in LDCs, selected years
(Percentage of total employment)
Employment in agriculture Employment in industry Employment in manu
Country
1991 2000 2010 2017 1991 2000 2010 2017 1991
Afghanistan 71.3 79.2 64.5 62.2 6.6 5.9 6.1 6.7 3.9
Angola 38.3 37.5 47.2 50.6 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.6 3.5
Bangladesh 69.5 64.8 47.3 39.1 13.6 10.7 17.6 21.1 12.4
Benin 54.0 48.3 45.3 43.2 7.2 12.7 10.5 18.5 5.3
Bhutan 85.3 80.9 59.5 56.6 1.6 2.3 6.7 9.8 1.1
Burkina Faso 88.9 85.7 60.9 28.3 3.2 4.0 11.4 32.0 2.7
Burundi 91.7 92.3 91.4 91.4 2.4 2.2 2.6 2.5 1.6
Cambodia 79.9 73.7 54.2 26.7 4.1 8.4 16.2 27.0 2.8
Central African Republic 84.6 86.1 86.2 85.7 8.5 7.0 7.1 8.0 7.9
Chad 86.6 86.9 86.8 87.2 6.3 6.6 6.1 4.9 5.6
Comoros 56.4 55.7 55.5 55.0 14.9 13.9 14.6 15.3 8.5
Democratic Republic of the Congo 85.8 84.6 79.6 81.9 7.0 9.8 11.7 11.1 6.3
Djibouti 31.0 36.7 33.0 29.8 24.4 22.9 27.5 29.8 12.7
Eritrea 85.2 82.2 84.4 83.9 7.0 8.0 7.3 7.0 6.3
Ethiopia 90.2 85.8 77.2 68.2 2.2 3.7 6.3 9.4 1.7
Gambia 33.8 33.1 32.8 27.1 16.2 15.0 14.8 15.3 10.2
Guinea 71.1 70.9 70.3 68.2 5.5 5.7 5.9 5.9 3.0
Guinea-Bissau 85.9 84.6 84.4 83.5 6.0 6.9 6.5 7.0 5.2
Haiti 52.7 51.8 47.2 41.2 9.2 10.1 10.3 12.3 6.4
Kiribati .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Lao People's Democratic Republic 86.3 82.9 71.5 61.3 3.2 3.4 8.3 9.7 2.0
Lesotho 61.5 63.2 12.9 10.5 13.8 12.7 39.3 40.4 5.4
Liberia 41.2 49.6 47.3 43.0 9.3 7.8 10.8 12.0 4.1
Madagascar 78.3 77.8 74.0 74.4 5.7 6.1 5.5 9.2 4.6
Malawi 84.0 85.2 84.8 84.7 10.8 9.0 8.8 8.4 10.2
Mali 50.0 45.7 57.5 57.6 13.7 15.9 11.1 8.4 9.8
Mauritania 81.3 79.5 77.3 75.8 6.3 7.6 7.6 7.2 5.2
Mozambique 85.4 81.5 77.3 73.3 2.9 3.7 3.4 4.3 0.8
Myanmar 78.3 75.8 60.6 49.9 11.0 10.0 15.0 16.6 8.9
Nepal 82.3 72.2 74.8 71.7 2.8 11.3 7.5 8.1 2.1
Niger 75.3 77.1 77.7 75.6 6.5 6.8 7.2 7.6 5.9
Rwanda 88.6 88.6 79.6 66.5 2.6 2.7 5.6 8.2 1.4
Sao Tome and Principe 41.4 30.6 22.9 16.9 13.8 16.7 16.7 13.6 3.4
Senegal 46.6 44.4 53.3 53.4 15.2 16.6 19.7 20.1 8.8
Sierra Leone 63.4 66.4 63.7 60.6 5.9 5.7 6.5 6.2 3.2
Solomon Islands 72.4 71.2 69.4 69.5 8.1 8.8 9.0 9.9 5.7
Somalia 86.9 86.9 86.4 86.2 6.5 7.2 7.4 7.6 5.8
South Sudan 64.4 58.0 54.1 64.9 17.8 18.4 19.8 19.0 12.3
Sudan 61.8 58.7 49.2 53.3 18.1 20.6 22.6 19.2 12.5
Timor-Leste 50.2 55.5 50.8 24.8 9.3 8.3 9.5 15.3 3.0
Togo 41.6 41.0 38.3 37.8 18.7 18.1 18.3 17.3 15.4
Tuvalu .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Uganda 75.4 70.2 71.1 69.0 7.1 7.7 7.1 6.9 5.9
United Republic of Tanzania 77.7 77.2 72.2 66.7 5.1 4.8 5.4 6.0 3.6
Vanuatu 61.4 62.0 61.9 65.3 5.3 5.6 7.2 5.9 1.8
Yemen 54.9 49.0 24.1 44.5 10.8 12.0 19.0 12.9 4.1
Zambia 66.3 71.6 63.4 53.3 10.0 5.8 8.8 11.9 6.9
LDCs 75.6 72.7 64.7 60.2 8.2 8.6 11.0 12.6 6.5
African LDCs and Haiti 76.8 75.0 70.6 67.1 6.8 7.7 8.8 10.2 5.1
Asian LDCs 73.9 69.3 54.5 46.9 10.4 10.1 14.9 17.3 8.8
Islands LDCs 56.7 59.9 57.1 47.3 8.8 8.7 9.5 11.6 3.6
ODCs 51.3 43.8 32.5 26.4 22.0 22.3 24.6 23.9 17.5
Source: ILOstat - Trends Econometric Models, ILO estimates and projections (accessed November 2018)
Notes: a LDC aggregates excluding Kiribati and Tuvalu which data is unvailable.
Employment in manufacturing Employment in services
2000 2010 2017 1991 2000 2010 2017
3.7 2.9 3.1 22.2 15.0 29.4 31.1
2.9 1.8 1.7 53.2 53.9 44.0 40.8
7.6 12.4 14.5 16.9 24.5 35.1 39.8
10.1 7.6 15.2 38.8 39.0 44.2 38.3
0.9 3.8 6.5 13.2 16.7 33.7 33.3
3.1 7.2 15.0 7.9 10.3 27.7 39.8
1.6 1.9 1.8 5.9 5.5 6.1 6.1
7.0 10.9 17.1 16.0 17.9 29.6 46.3
6.4 6.5 7.4 7.0 6.9 6.8 6.4
6.0 5.2 4.1 7.1 6.4 7.1 7.9
7.4 8.5 8.9 28.7 30.3 29.3 29.7
9.2 11.2 10.5 7.2 5.6 8.7 7.0
13.5 15.9 16.4 44.7 40.4 39.5 40.7
7.0 6.1 5.7 7.8 9.8 8.4 9.1
2.9 4.1 4.7 7.7 10.5 16.6 22.4
8.9 8.8 9.1 50.0 51.9 52.5 57.6
3.0 3.3 3.2 23.5 23.4 23.8 25.9
6.3 5.9 6.3 8.1 8.5 9.0 9.6
6.5 6.2 7.0 38.2 38.1 42.5 46.5
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
1.9 5.1 5.4 10.5 13.7 20.2 29.0
4.8 13.9 12.8 24.4 24.1 47.8 49.1
3.7 6.5 7.0 49.8 42.4 41.9 45.1
5.0 4.3 6.6 16.0 16.1 20.5 16.4
8.4 8.1 7.7 5.2 5.9 6.5 6.9
11.5 7.3 4.6 36.3 38.4 31.5 33.9
6.5 6.0 5.6 12.5 12.9 15.1 16.9
0.9 0.5 0.6 11.7 14.8 19.3 22.4
7.3 10.7 10.8 10.7 14.3 24.4 33.5
7.2 0.2 0.2 14.9 16.5 17.7 20.1
6.2 6.5 6.9 18.2 16.2 15.1 16.8
1.3 2.3 2.0 8.7 8.7 14.8 25.3
8.3 8.3 5.1 44.8 52.8 60.4 67.8
9.1 13.4 14.0 38.2 39.1 27.0 26.5
3.2 3.5 3.1 30.7 27.9 29.8 33.3
5.9 5.9 6.5 19.5 20.0 21.2 20.6
6.6 6.8 7.0 6.6 6.0 6.2 6.2
11.2 11.2 13.6 17.8 23.5 26.1 16.1
13.8 12.4 12.1 20.1 20.8 28.2 27.5
3.5 3.3 4.4 40.9 36.2 40.1 59.9
14.7 14.7 13.0 39.6 41.0 43.4 44.9
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
6.1 5.0 4.1 17.5 22.1 21.8 24.1
3.3 3.1 2.5 17.2 18.0 22.4 27.3
1.4 2.1 1.7 31.6 32.4 32.0 29.7
4.1 6.6 5.5 34.3 38.9 56.9 42.6
2.8 3.8 4.6 23.8 22.6 27.9 34.8
6.2 7.2 7.8 16.1 18.7 24.2 27.2
5.6 5.9 6.3 16.4 17.4 20.6 22.7
7.0 9.5 10.7 15.7 20.6 30.6 35.8
4.3 4.4 4.8 34.5 31.4 33.5 41.1
16.7 15.8 13.9 26.7 33.9 43.0 49.7
13. Total merchandise exports: Levels and annual average growth rates, 2009-2017, selected years
Total merchandise exports (millions of dollars)
Country average
2009-2016 2014 2015 2016 2017
Afghanistan 481.2 570.4 571.4 596.5 700.0
Angola 52,251.6 59,169.9 33,181.1 27,588.9 34,613.5
Bangladesh 26,329.4 30,405.2 32,378.7 34,894.3 35,850.9
Benin 1,670.1 2,559.9 1,681.7 1,778.4 2,056.3
Bhutan 568.4 583.1 549.2 524.7 572.7
Burkina Faso 2,070.8 2,452.7 2,176.4 2,508.9 2,874.9
Burundi 110.2 132.0 120.6 109.3 171.9
Cambodia 7,000.6 6,846.0 8,542.0 10,069.0 11,011.0
Chad 3,610.4 4,193.7 2,899.9 1,989.8 1,343.7
Comoros 21.9 25.9 17.0 30.8 39.6
Dem. Rep. of the Congo 5,954.2 7,914.8 6,090.9 5,628.1 7,764.6
Djibouti 111.0 129.2 131.8 134.5 137.2
Eritrea 322.1 630.3 425.5 271.8 303.9
Ethiopia 2,777.8 3,427.4 3,049.6 2,918.7 3,160.7
Gambia 95.1 104.0 109.0 94.0 68.2
Guinea 1,753.7 2,066.3 1,781.2 2,414.4 4,594.1
Guinea-Bissau 183.6 166.1 252.3 276.6 340.8
Haiti 811.4 950.4 881.6 1,036.0 980.2
Kiribati 7.8 10.1 10.7 10.5 13.5
Lao People's Dem. Rep. 2,288.3 2,662.0 2,769.0 3,352.1 4,822.6
Lesotho 894.7 826.4 844.1 883.8 1,032.6
Liberia 345.4 444.4 283.3 279.3 388.8
Madagascar 1,724.2 2,196.1 2,042.4 2,324.8 2,796.5
Malawi 1,185.1 1,369.5 1,048.3 992.7 941.4
Mali 2,427.2 2,775.9 2,715.5 2,832.3 2,992.6
Mauritania 2,025.5 1,935.4 1,388.6 1,400.7 1,722.4
Mozambique 3,474.1 4,420.5 3,413.3 3,328.2 4,725.3
Myanmar 9,922.9 11,452.7 11,428.8 11,831.3 13,883.7
Nepal 836.6 889.0 720.7 695.9 740.7
Niger 1,250.0 1,444.5 1,087.0 1,033.8 1,128.3
Rwanda 555.3 723.1 683.7 745.0 1,189.2
Senegal 2,489.4 2,750.2 2,611.7 2,640.3 2,881.3
Sierra Leone 823.2 1,552.0 512.0 561.0 794.0
Solomon Islands 386.2 458.5 400.4 437.3 499.7
Somalia 481.9 510.0 440.0 440.0 430.0
South Sudan .. .. .. .. ..
Sudan a) 6,452.5 4,350.2 3,169.0 3,093.6 4,061.0
Timor-Leste 17.5 15.5 18.0 20.0 16.7
Togo 1,157.8 1,324.1 1,010.1 1,038.0 981.6
Tuvalu 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1
Uganda 2,140.2 2,262.0 2,267.0 2,482.3 2,901.5
Vanuatu 52.3 62.9 38.8 50.3 38.5
Yemen 6,341.6 7,792.0 1,911.0 371.0 1,209.0
Zambia 7,962.6 9,694.2 7,011.8 6,516.4 8,150.7
LDCs 166,077.0 188,991.9 147,651.9 145,489.4 169,408.9
African LDCs and Haiti 111,810.5 127,201.1 88,284.8 82,591.7 99,994.6
Asian LDCs 53,769.1 61,200.4 58,870.7 62,334.9 68,790.7
Island LDCs 497.4 590.4 496.4 562.8 623.6
ODCs 7,185,562.0 8,249,167.7 7,236,356.0 6,886,913.5 7,676,513.0

Notes: a) Sudan includes South Sudan until 2012
annual average growth rates (per cent)
average
2009-2016 2014 2015 2016 2017
2.2 10.8 0.2 4.4 17.4
-6.5 -13.3 -43.9 -16.9 25.5
11.3 4.4 6.5 7.8 2.7
6.3 29.2 -34.3 5.7 15.6
0.9 7.3 -5.8 -4.5 9.2
20.6 4.1 -11.3 15.3 14.6
11.3 40.1 -8.6 -9.4 57.2
11.2 2.7 24.8 17.9 9.4
-1.3 -15.1 -13.0 21.2 19.7
-5.5 10.4 -30.9 -31.4 -32.5
30.8 26.2 -34.5 81.5 28.6
5.7 25.6 -23.0 -7.6 38.0
9.0 8.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
404.1 99.7 -32.5 -36.1 11.8
8.9 10.1 -11.0 -4.3 8.3
53.5 -2.1 4.8 -13.7 -27.5
9.9 9.5 -13.8 35.6 90.3
16.4 8.7 51.9 9.6 23.2
10.7 7.3 -7.2 17.5 -5.4
13.1 52.0 5.5 -1.7 28.4
16.7 17.6 4.0 21.1 43.9
1.3 -2.4 2.1 4.7 16.8
8.1 -20.5 -36.3 -1.4 39.2
8.9 14.2 -7.0 13.8 20.3
3.5 13.4 -23.5 -5.3 -5.2
4.6 18.7 -2.2 4.3 5.7
0.4 -27.0 -28.3 0.9 23.0
4.6 9.9 -22.8 -2.5 42.0
7.7 2.0 -0.2 3.5 17.3
-3.3 1.2 -18.9 -3.4 6.4
2.5 -8.9 -24.7 -4.9 9.1
15.4 2.9 -5.4 9.0 59.6
14.2 148.2 -34.3 20.6 14.3
2.7 3.4 -5.0 1.1 9.1
34.1 -19.0 -67.0 9.6 41.5
13.6 -5.8 -12.7 9.2 14.3
0.9 -1.9 -13.7 0.0 -2.3
.. .. .. .. ..
0.6 -38.6 -27.2 -2.4 31.3
18.1 -12.4 16.6 11.1 -16.7
3.5 -12.8 -23.7 2.8 -5.4
53.2 460.5 -12.0 13.2 -58.3
5.3 -6.1 0.2 9.5 16.9
7.5 1.5 5.7 5.2 -15.6
3.6 61.3 -38.3 29.6 -23.5
-18.1 -6.1 -75.5 -80.6 225.9
6.3 -8.5 -27.7 -7.1 25.1
0.9 -3.9 -21.9 -1.5 16.4
-1.9 -6.9 -30.6 -6.4 21.1
7.1 2.8 -3.8 5.9 10.4
10.6 2.2 -15.9 13.4 10.8
2.6 0.2 -12.3 -4.8 11.5
14. Total merchandise imports: Levels and annual average growth rates, 2009-2017, selected years
Total merchandise imports (millions of dollars) annual average grow
Country average average
2009-2016 2014 2015 2016 2017 2009-2016
Afghanistan 6,826.9 7,729.2 7,722.9 6,534.1 7,384.2 12.5
Angola 21,489.5 28,580.3 20,692.5 13,040.5 14,463.2 -3.1
Bangladesh 35,633.0 41,118.6 42,047.3 44,771.7 52,836.3 8.9
Benin 2,607.8 3,827.9 2,559.7 2,878.9 3,514.1 4.8
Bhutan 915.3 932.1 1,060.6 1,002.5 1,028.8 9.8
Burkina Faso 3,032.9 3,576.2 3,078.7 3,352.1 3,773.7 8.4
Burundi 666.6 769.3 722.5 615.9 755.3 7.0
Cambodia 9,982.7 10,692.0 12,242.0 14,101.0 15,495.0 11.4
Chad 3,012.5 4,400.0 3,700.0 2,500.0 1,964.5 6.0
Comoros 248.6 278.3 213.6 219.3 251.6 3.3
Dem. Rep. of the Congo 5,605.4 7,086.6 6,333.4 5,123.3 5,215.9 3.2
Djibouti 624.7 803.0 870.5 705.2 736.3 4.6
Eritrea 926.3 1,130.0 1,020.0 1,050.0 1,140.0 8.1
Ethiopia 12,300.1 15,551.0 16,913.5 16,632.8 15,942.7 9.9
Gambia 356.0 387.2 416.8 384.3 466.5 2.7
Guinea 2,210.9 2,372.4 2,191.8 4,429.4 3,484.1 21.4
Guinea-Bissau 206.8 214.2 206.9 230.2 365.1 1.2
Haiti 3,212.6 3,734.0 3,523.1 3,405.2 3,470.3 6.1
Kiribati 98.6 107.3 127.0 117.4 115.4 6.6
Lao People's Dem. Rep. 3,288.2 4,271.2 5,232.8 4,739.5 5,635.7 17.7
Lesotho 2,163.7 2,207.3 1,949.5 1,726.5 2,107.4 0.2
Liberia 1,180.7 1,996.6 1,687.2 1,301.8 1,110.8 11.2
Madagascar 3,003.7 3,227.4 2,794.8 2,965.8 3,642.8 -2.3
Malawi 2,376.8 2,778.5 2,313.3 2,095.9 2,435.2 0.0
Mali 3,545.5 3,908.9 3,798.6 4,059.9 4,650.0 3.8
Mauritania 2,321.0 2,646.3 1,948.0 1,900.1 2,093.9 2.0
Mozambique 6,980.0 8,746.8 8,334.2 5,295.3 5,745.4 6.6
Myanmar 11,110.2 16,458.7 17,132.0 15,920.6 19,249.4 21.0
Nepal 6,376.1 7,590.1 6,612.1 8,878.5 10,037.8 12.7
Niger 2,083.8 2,190.5 1,975.8 1,715.3 1,872.0 1.1
Rwanda 2,090.8 2,469.8 2,381.6 2,495.5 1,962.6 10.6
Senegal 5,753.3 6,554.9 5,635.8 5,445.2 6,519.7 -1.2
Sierra Leone 1,308.7 1,568.0 1,530.0 981.0 926.0 15.3
Solomon Islands 446.6 499.3 454.8 454.7 571.1 5.8
Somalia 1,090.0 1,250.0 1,100.0 1,080.0 1,060.0 3.7
South Sudan .. .. .. .. .. ..
Sudan a) 9,657.2 9,211.3 9,508.7 8,323.4 9,163.0 -1.4
Timor-Leste 613.8 858.4 910.0 775.0 780.0 18.9
Togo 2,206.2 2,526.2 2,334.9 2,265.4 2,355.5 5.9
Tuvalu 24.1 22.1 36.8 28.0 40.0 7.7
Uganda 5,354.4 6,073.5 5,528.1 4,829.5 5,595.9 1.3
United Republic of Tanzania 10,075.6 11,993.5 10,788.9 9,300.5 10,031.9 3.8
Vanuatu 324.3 313.3 366.6 421.8 387.4 4.1
Yemen 10,224.8 12,042.0 6,573.0 6,937.0 7,024.0 -2.7
Zambia 7,632.2 9,706.9 8,481.9 7,556.3 8,694.7 7.4
LDCs 211,372.3 254,976.2 235,540.3 223,035.4 246,593.4 4.9
African LDCs and Haiti 125,123.7 151,894.0 134,666.9 117,994.9 125,609.6 2.3
Asian LDCs 84,357.1 100,833.9 98,622.6 102,884.8 118,691.2 9.0
Island LDCs 1,891.5 2,248.4 2,250.7 2,155.6 2,292.5 6.9
ODCs 6,707,709.1 7,748,052.0 6,809,334.4 6,427,642.3 7,260,514.5 2.9

Notes: a) Sudan includes South Sudan until 2012
2014 2015 2016 2017

-9.6 -0.1 -15.4 13.0
8.5 -27.6 -37.0 10.9
10.9 2.3 6.5 18.0
27.2 -33.1 12.5 22.1
2.5 13.8 -5.5 2.6
-17.9 -13.9 8.9 12.6
-5.2 -6.1 -14.8 22.6
11.9 14.5 15.2 9.9
90.3 -14.7 -10.5 13.3
46.7 -15.9 -32.4 -21.4
-2.2 -23.2 2.7 14.7
12.5 -10.6 -19.1 1.8
11.6 8.4 -19.0 4.4
8.7 -9.7 2.9 8.6
27.2 8.8 -1.7 -4.1
10.6 7.6 -7.8 21.4
26.9 -7.6 102.1 -21.3
17.2 -3.4 11.2 58.6
4.3 -5.6 -3.3 1.9
10.5 18.4 -7.6 -1.7
38.6 22.5 -9.4 18.9
1.5 -11.7 -11.4 22.1
73.6 -15.5 -22.8 -14.7
-1.0 -13.4 6.1 22.8
-2.3 -16.7 -9.4 16.2
2.7 -2.8 6.9 14.5
-13.1 -26.4 -2.5 10.2
-13.4 -4.7 -36.5 8.5
36.7 4.1 -7.1 20.9
15.5 -12.9 34.3 13.1
8.6 -9.8 -13.2 9.1
7.3 -3.6 4.8 -21.4
11.6 -16.4 -1.8 5.5
0.0 -14.0 -3.4 19.7
-11.9 -2.4 -35.9 -5.6
-7.1 -8.9 0.0 25.6
-3.8 -12.0 -1.8 -1.9
.. .. .. ..
-7.1 3.2 -12.5 10.1
1.9 6.0 -14.8 0.6
-8.6 -7.6 -3.0 4.0
7.1 66.3 -24.0 42.9
4.4 -9.0 -12.6 15.9
-0.8 -10.0 -13.8 7.9
0.1 17.0 15.0 -8.2
-9.3 -45.4 5.5 1.3
-4.6 -12.6 -10.9 15.1
7.0 -7.6 -5.3 10.6
4.7 -11.3 -12.4 6.5
10.7 -2.2 4.3 15.4
0.0 0.1 -4.2 6.4
0.1 -12.1 -5.6 13.0
15. Product composition of merchandise exports, 2015-2017
(Millions of dollars and percentage shares)
Primary commodities
Total exports
Country Total Food and Fuels
Agriculture
(Million of US (
dollars)
Afghanistan 622.6 88.5 67.1 7.1
Angola 31,666.7 100.0 0.2 97.1
Bangladesh 33,690.4 4.7 4.2 0.2
Benin 1,838.8 86.6 56.3 6.8
Bhutan 544.8 35.8 8.6 15.3
Burkina Faso 2,528.4 95.7 28.2 2.1
Burundi 131.7 89.4 46.3 0.4
Cambodia 9,874.4 13.4 9.2 0.0
Chad 2,077.8 98.2 7.8 82.1
Comoros 29.1 73.0 69.7 0.0
Dem. Rep. of the Congo 6,494.5 91.0 2.7 6.1
Djibouti 134.5 61.0 43.1 4.4
Eritrea 324.5 91.6 30.6 0.0
Ethiopia 3,043.0 83.5 70.3 3.3
Gambia 90.4 87.1 80.1 2.1
Guinea 2,929.9 88.4 9.8 6.4
Guinea-Bissau 289.9 98.3 93.7 4.4
Haiti 972.6 11.0 9.1 0.0
Kiribati 11.3 94.7 93.9 0.7
Lao People's Dem. Rep. 3,534.6 72.8 26.4 16.6
Lesotho 920.2 32.9 10.7 0.1
Liberia 317.1 57.9 20.6 5.9
Madagascar 2,422.6 72.6 41.6 1.1
Malawi 1,024.3 82.4 80.6 0.1
Mali 2,861.6 91.2 21.4 0.5
Mauritania 1,528.3 97.4 43.0 4.1
Mozambique 3,755.6 93.2 21.6 36.8
Myanmar 12,582.9 73.7 35.2 31.8
Nepal 709.9 30.9 29.2 0.0
Niger 1,008.8 66.8 21.3 13.1
Rwanda 872.6 88.5 34.3 8.4
Senegal 2,747.0 70.6 33.8 17.2
Sierra Leone 622.3 89.6 21.8 0.2
Solomon Islands 445.8 92.8 88.1 0.1
Somalia 436.7 92.3 85.8 0.0
South Sudan .. .. .. ..
Sudan 3,523.9 97.2 28.3 44.0
Timor-Leste 18.3 88.9 26.9 60.9
Togo 1,009.9 70.8 22.9 21.1
Tuvalu 0.2 61.0 59.8 1.1
Uganda 2,550.3 76.0 61.9 2.3
United Republic of Tanzania 4,603.2 84.7 42.1 1.6
Vanuatu 40.1 60.2 59.4 0.6
Yemen 1,163.7 93.2 22.5 56.4
Zambia 7,215.5 88.4 13.3 1.1
LDCs 153,328.9 64.2 17.0 28.0
African LDCs and Haiti 90,047.3 90.2 18.9 41.6
Asian LDCs 62,723.3 26.8 13.7 8.7
Island LDCs 558.3 89.1 82.9 2.2
ODCs 7,280,988.1 28.5 8.7 13.1

Note: Data based on UNCTAD merchandise trade matrix, including estimates values
mmodities Manufactured goods
Labour- Low-skill and Medium-skill High-skill and

intensive and and Unallocated
Minerals, Ores, Total resource- technology- technology- technology-
metals intensive intensive
intensive manufactures intensive manufactures
manufactures manufactures
(Per cent)
14.3 5.9 3.0 0.3 1.5 1.1 5.6
2.7 .. .. .. .. .. 0.0
0.3 95.2 93.1 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.1
23.5 13.1 7.2 3.1 3.2 1.1 0.4
11.9 63.7 18.7 43.0 1.1 14.7 0.4
65.4 4.2 0.7 0.5 2.1 1.0 0.1
42.7 10.2 3.2 0.9 3.1 3.2 0.4
4.1 86.5 78.0 3.2 3.3 2.9 0.1
5.9 26.5 1.1 1.9 19.1 4.5 0.5
8.3 1.7 0.3 0.2 0.2 1.2 0.1
3.2 27.0 2.7 4.4 2.3 18.6 0.0
82.3 7.6 0.2 0.4 0.5 6.6 1.4
13.5 28.5 4.8 8.3 11.7 5.3 10.5
61.0 8.3 5.3 1.3 0.5 1.9 0.1
10.0 14.7 8.5 0.4 4.3 1.6 1.7
5.0 12.5 6.4 1.0 3.8 1.7 0.4
72.2 11.5 0.4 3.6 1.8 6.0 0.1
0.3 1.6 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.0
1.9 83.3 76.7 0.6 4.3 1.9 5.6
0.1 3.6 0.6 1.3 1.4 0.6 1.7
29.8 22.1 7.4 0.6 1.8 12.5 5.0
22.1 67.1 54.8 0.2 8.8 3.5 0.0
31.5 40.4 11.8 37.4 1.4 1.6 1.7
29.8 26.8 22.2 0.7 0.9 3.3 0.6
1.6 16.7 3.1 1.1 8.7 4.0 0.9
69.3 8.7 1.0 0.5 1.8 5.6 0.1
50.3 1.8 0.3 0.2 0.8 0.6 0.8
34.9 6.6 1.0 1.4 1.0 3.7 0.2
6.8 23.9 17.0 2.9 2.0 2.5 2.4
1.8 69.0 52.2 8.9 1.6 9.5 0.0
32.4 32.9 1.6 0.4 2.7 28.5 0.3
45.8 10.2 2.7 0.8 3.8 3.0 1.3
1.8 14.6 1.8 1.2 5.2 6.9 1.6
19.5 28.0 10.0 3.7 2.7 12.8 1.5
67.6 10.0 1.1 1.0 5.2 2.9 0.4
4.7 2.2 1.2 0.1 0.5 0.5 5.0
6.5 7.1 1.0 1.6 2.4 2.3 0.6
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
24.9 2.8 0.5 0.2 0.4 1.7 0.0
1.1 10.3 0.8 1.1 4.5 4.0 0.8
26.8 28.3 10.0 5.5 7.0 7.9 0.9
0.1 38.1 6.4 10.4 14.8 8.1 0.9
11.8 22.0 9.2 4.6 3.9 5.9 2.0
41.0 15.0 8.3 1.1 1.1 5.0 0.3
0.3 38.6 9.5 32.6 0.5 2.0 1.2
14.3 6.7 0.9 0.8 2.4 2.9 0.1
74.0 11.4 2.6 2.5 2.4 4.8 0.2
19.2 35.1 29.7 1.5 1.5 2.8 0.7
29.6 9.4 4.0 1.1 1.4 3.1 0.5
4.4 72.3 66.9 2.0 1.5 2.4 0.9
4.0 6.7 1.8 2.7 0.8 1.8 4.2
6.8 70.8 14.4 6.9 19.6 32.2 0.7
16. Product composition of merchandise imports, 2015-2017
(Millions of dollars and percentage shares)
Primary commodities
Total exports
Country Total Food and Fuels
Agriculture
(Million of US (
dollars)
Afghanistan 7,213.7 41.6 28.0 12.7
Angola 16,065.4 23.8 19.6 3.4
Bangladesh 46,551.8 33.8 23.8 6.5
Benin 2,771.8 45.1 36.4 7.5
Bhutan 1,030.9 36.3 14.7 16.2
Burkina Faso 3,361.9 41.2 16.9 23.8
Burundi 691.0 30.6 17.1 12.4
Cambodia 13,946.0 30.2 12.5 8.4
Chad 2,721.5 23.8 17.1 5.9
Comoros 228.2 38.2 35.2 2.6
Dem. Rep. of the Congo 5,557.5 25.2 19.4 4.1
Djibouti 770.7 25.6 22.3 2.2
Eritrea 1,052.2 39.7 36.1 2.3
Ethiopia 16,496.3 22.1 9.3 11.3
Gambia 422.6 46.1 37.7 7.8
Guinea 3,286.8 38.1 22.4 15.1
Guinea-Bissau 242.5 56.7 46.3 10.0
Haiti 3,495.4 50.2 45.5 4.3
Kiribati 119.9 37.9 23.6 11.1
Lao People's Dem. Rep. 5,202.6 30.6 13.9 13.8
Lesotho 1,927.8 38.0 24.7 12.5
Liberia 1,366.6 9.0 3.5 5.4
Madagascar 3,193.6 36.2 19.1 13.7
Malawi 2,279.8 22.7 14.5 7.2
Mali 3,954.8 34.6 15.9 17.8
Mauritania 1,980.7 36.0 24.1 11.5
Mozambique 6,301.5 44.1 16.4 19.7
Myanmar 17,285.3 29.9 15.1 14.0
Nepal 8,509.5 39.4 19.5 13.6
Niger 1,955.7 30.9 25.6 4.6
Rwanda 2,279.9 22.4 18.6 2.5
Senegal 5,934.0 44.0 22.5 20.2
Sierra Leone 1,138.0 39.5 29.1 9.5
Solomon Islands 497.2 37.0 24.2 12.5
Somalia 1,080.0 50.9 48.4 2.3
South Sudan .. .. .. ..
Sudan 8,998.4 28.1 24.1 3.0
Timor-Leste 821.7 46.5 37.2 7.7
Togo 2,318.6 57.4 10.3 46.7
Tuvalu 35.1 25.8 13.6 8.4
Uganda 5,317.8 29.1 13.0 14.3
United Republic of Tanzania 10,040.4 35.0 10.8 23.1
Vanuatu 361.5 35.2 19.3 15.5
Yemen 6,844.5 53.4 41.6 9.0
Zambia 8,252.2 34.2 8.0 12.1
LDCs 234,381.6 33.4 19.7 10.7
African LDCs and Haiti 125,591.0 32.0 18.1 11.7
Asian LDCs 106,584.3 34.8 21.4 9.6
Island LDCs 2,206.2 40.5 29.7 9.7
ODCs 6,789,945.3 30.7 9.5 12.1

Note: Data based on UNCTAD merchandise trade matrix, including estimates values
mmodities Manufactured goods
Labour- Low-skill and Medium-skill High-skill and

intensive and and Unallocated
Minerals, Ores, Total resource- technology- technology- technology-
metals intensive intensive
intensive manufactures intensive manufactures
manufactures manufactures
(Per cent)
0.9 46.1 13.2 4.8 10.8 18.6 12.3
0.7 .. .. .. .. .. 76.2
3.4 65.9 25.4 9.3 16.3 17.5 0.3
1.2 54.6 21.2 9.5 18.6 8.4 0.3
5.4 62.6 11.3 13.5 31.1 11.6 1.2
0.5 58.0 10.4 8.6 19.6 21.8 0.8
1.1 68.9 14.5 10.1 17.8 30.1 0.5
9.2 69.6 35.1 8.5 17.1 11.5 0.2
0.6 76.2 6.5 5.9 36.4 28.8 1.5
0.8 75.7 12.1 11.3 33.7 23.4 0.5
0.4 58.7 24.7 9.9 18.2 8.6 3.1
1.7 73.7 16.8 11.8 26.5 23.4 1.1
1.1 73.3 22.0 12.0 27.3 16.8 1.1
1.4 59.8 13.9 9.3 26.7 13.2 0.5
1.5 74.9 13.1 13.9 30.3 22.3 3.0
0.6 53.6 27.9 5.9 13.9 7.8 0.3
0.6 61.7 16.4 12.1 22.5 13.6 0.2
0.4 43.0 11.8 7.1 13.2 12.8 0.3
0.4 49.8 24.6 3.8 14.6 8.1 0.0
3.3 55.8 15.1 21.8 16.4 10.2 6.3
2.8 68.4 11.8 13.8 32.0 15.1 1.1
0.7 62.0 24.0 5.8 20.8 13.4 0.0
0.1 60.4 20.8 51.6 4.7 2.6 30.6
3.5 62.7 22.5 7.4 18.1 17.0 1.1
0.9 76.0 13.3 8.4 18.8 37.9 1.3
0.9 65.0 15.9 8.6 22.6 20.6 0.4
0.5 62.2 20.8 15.1 20.5 10.0 1.8
8.0 54.4 14.9 10.9 18.6 15.7 1.5
0.7 68.8 17.7 16.3 27.1 14.9 1.3
6.4 60.6 12.6 13.8 17.5 20.0 0.0
0.7 68.4 11.1 6.9 22.2 30.7 0.7
1.3 75.2 17.2 9.4 20.4 32.1 2.3
1.2 47.2 12.3 6.5 19.9 10.6 12.3
1.3 55.1 14.1 8.4 19.8 15.3 0.9
0.9 59.5 14.6 9.7 23.9 15.4 1.0
0.3 53.2 10.7 10.7 23.6 10.9 9.8
0.2 47.9 19.3 5.7 14.1 10.6 1.2
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
1.0 71.5 17.0 9.4 27.2 21.3 0.3
1.6 48.3 10.5 9.7 19.7 11.6 5.2
0.4 41.8 16.8 7.1 8.5 11.7 0.8
3.8 45.7 14.3 21.5 11.6 6.5 28.5
1.7 70.2 13.6 9.0 21.7 29.1 0.8
1.0 64.4 15.1 9.7 21.5 21.3 0.6
0.4 64.8 13.8 19.0 17.6 20.4 0.0
2.7 46.3 15.1 8.9 13.9 10.7 0.3
14.1 65.4 8.2 7.7 26.6 25.6 0.4
3.0 65.0 18.6 10.9 21.5 17.8 1.7
2.3 66.0 15.7 11.2 24.0 19.5 1.9
3.8 63.9 22.1 10.6 18.6 16.0 1.3
1.1 53.5 13.0 12.1 19.8 12.3 6.0
9.1 68.0 8.3 5.8 21.1 34.8 1.3
17. Main markets for merchandise exports of LDCs: share in 2015-2017
(Per cent)
Developed economies
Economies
European United States Other in
Country Total Union (28) and Canada Japan developed transition
economies
Afghanistan 5.6 2.9 2.1 0.0 0.6 5.5

Angola 32.0 23.1 8.0 0.5 0.5 -
Bangladesh 82.1 55.9 19.6 3.0 3.7 2.1
Benin 6.7 4.6 0.7 0.1 1.3 2.6
Bhutan 4.7 3.7 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.1
Burkina Faso 61.2 6.1 1.2 1.4 52.5 0.1
Burundi 22.4 15.5 3.3 0.4 3.2 1.3
Cambodia 72.9 37.3 26.0 7.3 2.4 0.9
Chad 65.0 9.7 49.6 5.7 0.0 0.0
Comoros 49.3 42.7 2.9 - 3.7 4.1
Dem. Rep. of the Congo 15.7 12.8 2.8 0.1 0.1 0.2
Djibouti 19.6 8.8 9.8 0.3 0.8 0.0
Eritrea 10.8 8.8 1.7 0.0 0.4 1.0
Ethiopia 43.8 22.6 7.1 2.4 11.6 0.6
Gambia 9.6 9.0 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.1
Guinea 21.3 15.9 2.5 0.0 2.9 3.4
Guinea-Bissau 6.0 1.4 4.3 0.2 0.0 -
Haiti 90.5 3.4 86.3 0.3 0.5 0.0
Kiribati 7.4 0.1 2.0 4.9 0.4 0.0
Lao People's Dem. Rep. 11.2 6.0 1.8 2.6 0.8 0.3
Lesotho 58.2 19.5 38.3 0.2 0.3 0.0
Liberia 68.1 48.6 9.1 0.0 10.4 0.9
Madagascar 66.9 42.5 18.2 4.8 1.3 0.3
Malawi 38.7 32.1 5.4 0.3 0.8 7.0
Mali 22.7 2.3 0.3 0.1 19.9 0.4
Mauritania 43.3 23.0 1.1 6.4 12.7 2.8
Mozambique 39.3 34.2 2.2 1.9 0.9 1.0
Myanmar 14.0 6.6 1.6 5.4 0.3 0.2
Nepal 28.7 13.1 12.4 1.4 1.8 0.1
Niger 50.3 40.6 5.2 0.7 3.8 1.0
Rwanda 21.0 10.1 5.8 0.8 4.3 0.9
Senegal 27.2 15.1 2.1 0.4 9.6 0.2
Sierra Leone 47.1 38.5 7.4 0.2 0.9 2.0
Solomon Islands 15.8 10.5 0.5 0.9 3.9 0.0
Somalia 7.4 4.8 0.3 2.2 0.1 0.8
South Sudan .. .. .. .. .. ..
Sudan 9.1 3.8 0.9 3.4 0.9 0.0
Timor-Leste 25.5 7.6 9.7 2.1 6.1 0.1
Togo 8.9 5.3 1.7 0.1 1.8 0.1
Tuvalu 60.5 9.4 3.7 43.0 4.4 0.1
Uganda 25.4 21.0 2.6 0.5 1.2 1.0
Vanuatu 35.3 7.6 2.5 22.8 2.5 0.0
Yemen 7.5 1.8 1.5 4.1 0.0 1.5
Zambia 34.2 4.4 0.3 1.0 28.4 0.1
LDCs 43.5 26.0 10.4 2.4 4.8 0.9
Asian LDCs 59.6 37.8 15.2 4.1 2.5 1.4
Island LDCs 20.4 13.0 1.1 2.5 3.8 0.2
ODCs 40.5 14.1 17.8 5.6 3.0 1.6

Note: Data based on UNCTAD merchandise trade matrix, including estimated values
Developing economies
Other Developing Other Unallocated

Total China India developing Asia Africa developing
economies
88.9 0.8 31.8 55.4 0.4 0.5 0.0

67.7 45.2 8.3 9.0 3.9 1.3 0.3
15.8 2.5 2.0 8.7 0.9 1.8 0.0
90.7 5.2 17.0 39.8 28.4 0.3 0.0
95.3 0.1 84.8 9.4 1.0 0.1 0.0
38.7 2.8 9.5 12.9 13.3 0.3 0.0
76.3 1.9 1.5 48.4 24.4 0.1 0.0
26.2 5.5 0.2 18.5 0.3 1.7 0.0
61.9 18.0 0.8 26.4 16.1 0.5 0.0
35.0 7.6 10.6 16.4 0.4 0.0 0.0
46.5 - 9.4 25.9 7.1 4.1 0.0
84.1 41.9 2.0 20.7 19.2 0.3 0.0
80.4 0.2 0.8 31.2 42.5 5.7 0.0
88.1 38.7 20.9 26.5 1.7 0.3 0.0
55.6 10.1 1.9 20.8 22.5 0.3 0.0
90.3 36.6 17.1 12.5 23.5 0.7 0.0
75.3 22.8 9.0 31.3 12.0 0.3 0.0
94.0 - 81.4 7.8 4.7 0.1 0.0
9.4 1.1 0.2 1.7 0.3 6.1 0.0
91.6 2.4 0.0 80.7 0.6 7.9 0.9
88.5 31.0 3.8 53.2 0.4 0.1 0.0
41.8 0.4 0.2 1.1 39.9 0.2 0.0
31.0 7.0 3.8 14.3 5.1 0.9 0.0
32.8 6.5 4.4 13.7 7.9 0.3 0.0
54.3 4.3 3.4 8.9 37.5 0.2 0.0
76.9 3.0 4.2 44.8 24.8 0.1 0.0
54.0 32.6 0.4 5.1 15.6 0.2 0.0
59.7 7.8 15.9 9.7 24.9 1.4 0.0
85.8 39.7 7.3 37.7 0.6 0.5 0.0
71.1 2.4 57.9 10.4 0.1 0.2 0.0
48.8 9.1 1.1 21.7 16.2 0.7 0.0
78.1 4.4 0.3 40.7 31.7 1.0 0.0
13.2 0.3 0.1 3.3 3.1 6.4 15.4
68.2 4.3 8.9 9.1 45.1 0.9 4.4
50.9 28.5 1.8 8.0 9.6 3.0 0.0
84.2 63.9 6.8 12.3 0.2 1.0 0.0
91.8 3.6 2.3 81.0 4.8 0.1 0.0
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90.9 39.6 3.2 43.1 4.8 0.2 0.0
74.5 0.4 0.0 72.5 1.1 0.4 0.0
91.0 4.8 7.8 24.8 52.9 0.7 0.0
39.4 14.5 7.3 8.0 3.7 5.8 0.0
73.6 1.9 1.9 18.5 50.9 0.4 0.0
73.2 6.9 18.9 18.8 27.9 0.7 0.0
64.7 3.6 0.1 22.1 29.4 9.6 0.0
91.0 31.6 4.7 47.0 7.7 0.1 0.0
65.7 22.7 4.0 14.5 24.4 0.1 0.0
55.5 20.7 6.3 17.9 9.6 1.0 0.1
66.8 26.1 7.5 16.6 15.7 0.8 0.2
39.0 12.5 4.6 19.8 0.8 1.3 0.0
78.9 51.4 5.9 16.9 2.8 2.0 0.4
57.4 12.1 3.6 32.2 4.1 5.5 0.5
18. Main sources of merchandise imports of LDCs: share in 2015-2017
(Per cent)
Developed economies
Economies
European United States Other in
Country Total Union (28) and Canada Japan developed transition
economies
Afghanistan 11.7 3.0 6.7 1.8 0.2 20.7

Angola 45.6 34.1 8.6 0.5 2.5 1.5
Bangladesh 18.1 7.0 4.2 4.0 2.9 3.6
Benin 26.1 19.3 5.9 0.2 0.7 0.3
Bhutan 7.1 4.4 0.6 1.6 0.5 0.1
Burkina Faso 36.5 29.1 4.7 1.3 1.3 1.2
Burundi 23.7 19.4 1.9 2.0 0.4 1.2
Cambodia 9.3 4.2 2.2 2.5 0.3 0.1
Chad 66.3 51.0 14.0 0.4 0.9 3.3
Comoros 19.4 17.8 0.9 0.6 0.1 0.0
Dem. Rep. of the Congo 25.8 22.0 2.2 0.9 0.7 0.8
Djibouti 14.7 10.3 2.9 1.1 0.4 1.6
Eritrea 25.8 21.3 1.4 1.6 1.5 3.2
Ethiopia 27.8 17.2 7.2 2.7 0.7 2.7
Gambia 23.8 19.4 3.6 0.3 0.5 0.7
Guinea 38.6 34.1 3.2 0.7 0.6 0.7
Guinea-Bissau 51.7 50.1 1.1 0.2 0.3 0.0
Haiti 75.6 8.3 63.2 3.2 0.9 0.1
Kiribati 41.5 2.4 3.2 12.8 23.1 0.0
Lesotho 1.6 0.6 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.0
Liberia 21.2 8.9 1.6 9.9 0.7 0.1
Madagascar 23.6 18.9 3.0 1.0 0.6 0.2
Malawi 17.7 11.1 3.0 2.0 1.5 1.0
Mali 30.4 24.8 3.0 1.3 1.3 2.6
Mauritania 39.3 29.1 6.2 1.1 2.9 2.6
Mozambique 20.4 13.2 2.6 1.5 3.1 0.7
Myanmar 13.6 3.1 2.1 7.4 0.9 0.4
Nepal 7.3 3.2 1.8 0.8 1.6 0.9
Niger 44.1 34.2 6.6 2.3 0.9 0.2
Rwanda 25.0 18.3 3.8 1.7 1.3 2.3
Senegal 39.9 35.1 2.6 1.1 1.1 2.9
Sierra Leone 32.1 23.8 6.1 1.6 0.6 0.4
Solomon Islands 33.4 1.5 2.0 3.9 25.9 0.0
Somalia 7.3 4.8 2.1 0.2 0.2 0.7
South Sudan .. .. .. .. .. ..
Sudan 18.2 11.6 1.7 2.4 2.6 2.8
Timor-Leste 20.4 6.3 1.7 2.3 9.9 0.0
Togo 42.9 36.2 3.7 1.1 2.0 1.3
Tuvalu 36.4 0.8 1.3 17.8 16.5 -
Uganda 21.4 12.5 2.3 5.7 0.8 1.6
Vanuatu 55.2 6.3 15.9 4.6 28.3 0.0
Yemen 17.1 8.5 2.9 1.9 3.8 3.1
Zambia 11.7 7.7 1.7 1.3 0.9 0.2
LDCs 22.8 13.5 4.8 2.7 1.8 2.3
Asian LDCs 14.1 5.3 3.3 3.7 1.9 3.3
Island LDCs 33.4 9.9 4.1 3.7 15.7 0.0
ODCs 38.6 14.6 12.2 6.9 4.9 2.2

Note: Data based on UNCTAD merchandise trade matrix, including estimated values
Developing economies
Other Developing Other Unallocated

Total China India developing Asia Africa developing
economies
67.7 9.9 5.0 51.0 1.4 0.3 0.0

52.9 16.7 1.8 19.1 8.6 6.6 0.0
78.2 25.7 14.9 30.6 2.4 4.6 0.0
73.5 31.6 8.8 20.3 10.7 2.1 0.0
92.9 1.4 83.6 7.7 0.2 0.0 0.0
62.3 7.7 3.6 7.3 42.0 1.8 0.0
75.2 11.2 9.8 16.6 37.1 0.4 0.0
90.7 27.7 0.7 62.0 0.1 0.2 0.0
36.2 6.0 2.9 6.5 18.8 1.9 0.0
30.4 4.9 2.1 3.0 20.3 0.1 0.0
80.6 13.1 5.0 34.2 26.6 1.6 0.0
73.4 22.0 5.0 5.7 39.2 1.5 0.0
83.7 33.3 4.6 39.5 5.3 1.0 0.0
71.0 13.9 2.5 38.6 13.7 2.3 0.0
69.5 32.1 7.5 25.0 4.4 0.5 0.0
75.5 24.9 6.1 16.4 17.8 10.4 0.0
60.8 26.2 8.5 14.8 9.3 1.9 0.0
48.2 7.2 2.6 14.4 22.1 1.9 0.0
23.8 2.2 0.9 6.7 0.1 13.9 0.6
58.5 17.1 0.5 19.8 0.3 20.8 0.0
94.6 18.8 0.5 75.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
98.3 3.5 0.8 6.0 88.0 0.0 0.0
78.7 17.8 1.9 57.5 1.1 0.5 0.0
76.2 24.8 6.7 30.4 12.1 2.2 0.0
81.4 14.1 11.1 19.3 36.3 0.5 0.0
66.9 13.3 3.5 4.7 44.7 0.7 0.0
58.2 20.2 1.6 20.8 9.8 5.8 0.0
78.9 14.8 10.3 18.6 33.1 2.2 0.0
86.0 34.6 4.9 45.0 0.2 1.3 0.0
90.9 13.5 64.0 10.6 0.9 1.9 0.9
55.8 16.4 4.6 10.9 22.4 1.4 0.0
72.6 13.7 7.7 16.8 33.9 0.6 0.0
32.2 4.5 0.4 3.8 22.1 1.3 0.0
57.2 18.6 6.9 12.5 15.5 3.7 0.0
67.5 17.4 6.5 23.6 15.7 4.3 0.0
66.6 20.1 0.7 38.3 0.1 7.3 0.0
92.0 14.7 17.3 46.2 11.4 2.4 0.0
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
79.0 24.4 8.7 31.2 11.7 2.9 0.0
79.6 17.4 0.8 60.0 0.2 1.3 0.0
55.8 22.4 4.6 15.9 11.4 1.4 0.0
63.6 10.6 0.1 35.8 3.2 14.0 0.0
76.9 17.9 16.0 22.2 20.1 0.8 0.0
80.5 26.1 14.7 29.4 9.8 0.6 0.0
44.8 10.2 0.7 26.1 0.5 7.3 0.0
79.7 16.7 5.7 43.8 4.8 8.7 0.0
88.2 9.4 4.1 12.8 61.0 0.7 0.0
74.8 21.6 10.0 28.9 11.6 2.7 0.0
68.5 19.5 6.8 19.6 20.1 2.5 0.0
82.5 24.2 14.1 39.6 1.6 3.0 0.1
66.6 15.4 1.2 40.7 4.4 4.9 0.0
58.1 17.1 2.1 30.0 3.2 5.6 1.1
19. Total services exports: Levels and annual average growth rates, 2009-2017, selected years
Total service exports (millions of dollars)
Country average
2009-2016 2014 2015 2016 2017
Afghanistan 1,448 1,246 731 484 432
Angola 995 1,681 1,256 711 675
Bangladesh 2,810 3,133 3,233 3,533 3,859
Benin 393 479 351 354 ..
Bhutan 104 124 125 146 160
Burkina Faso 384 453 391 443 ..
Burundi 83 74 57 73 ..
Cambodia 3,132 3,811 3,955 4,033 4,694
Central African Republic 100 128 116 123 ..
Chad 382 398 366 .. ..
Comoros 74 85 84 .. ..
Dem. Rep. of the Congo 372 315 173 128 ..
Djibouti 367 382 455 406 ..
Eritrea .. .. .. .. ..
Ethiopia 2,709 2,967 3,087 3,095 ..
Gambia 136 145 155 137 108
Guinea 84 64 78 53 ..
Guinea-Bissau 36 47 36 21 ..
Haiti 591 701 724 623 631
Kiribati 13 13 8 10 ..
Lao People's Dem. Rep. 657 764 844 831 ..
Lesotho 43 30 46 59 26
Liberia 284 246 238 183 ..
Madagascar 1,142 1,318 1,073 1,186 ..
Malawi 100 109 116 114 ..
Mali 409 456 433 460 ..
Mauritania 202 279 246 270 ..
Mozambique 569 725 723 440 650
Myanmar 2,026 3,128 3,852 3,776 ..
Nepal 1,066 1,389 1,430 1,354 1,595
Niger 153 283 232 198 ..
Rwanda 574 592 818 835 998
Sao Tome and Principe 41 70 79 83 77
Senegal 1,192 1,319 1,188 1,247 ..
Sierra Leone 175 205 200 279 ..
Solomon Islands 107 113 105 123 139
Somalia a 316 337 355 373 393
South Sudan .. .. .. .. ..
Sudan b 1,069 1,568 1,727 1,545 1,517
Timor-Leste 69 74 73 77 93
Togo 446 489 488 523 ..
Tuvalu 4 4 4 4 4
Uganda 1,801 2,167 2,044 1,868 1,609
United Republic of Tanzania 2,824 3,396 3,411 3,593 3,862
Vanuatu 301 334 283 333 351
Yemen 1,409 1,707 728 .. ..
Zambia 764 851 862 885 865
LDCs c 32,108 38,620 37,500 36,430 39,080
African LDCs and Haiti c 18,974 22,630 21,960 21,170 22,430
Asian LDCs c 12,528 15,300 14,900 14,570 15,910
Island LDCs c 608 690 630 700 740
ODCs c 1,268,541 1,467,930 1,433,550 1,428,590 1,539,730
Source: UNCTAD, UNCTADstat database (accessed November 2018) and UNCTAD secretariat estimates.
Notes: UNCTAD secretariat estimates, balance of payment BPM6; a Somalia average 2013-2016;
b
Sudan includes South Sudan until 2012;c Totals include estimates for missing countries
cted years
average
2009-2016 2014 2015 2016 2017
-5.5 21.8 -41.3 -33.8 -10.7
18.3 27.8 -25.3 -43.4 -5.1
6.5 4.5 3.2 9.3 9.2
4.3 -7.0 -26.6 0.8 ..
13.4 0.9 0.7 16.3 9.7
20.7 -8.9 -13.7 13.5 ..
5.6 -41.6 -22.7 27.2 ..
13.3 9.1 3.8 2.0 16.4
8.6 8.0 -8.9 6.0 ..
24.6 7.2 -8.1 .. ..
4.2 5.9 -1.8 .. ..
-11.8 6.3 -44.9 -26.3 ..
4.3 4.3 19.2 -10.8 ..
.. .. .. .. ..
7.8 -4.3 4.0 0.2 ..
2.7 11.4 7.0 -11.7 -21.2
0.5 -38.4 23.1 -32.0 -
-0.9 23.0 -22.7 -41.6 ..
5.4 7.5 3.2 -14.0 1.4
0.1 -18.1 -41.0 24.1 ..
10.3 -2.0 10.4 -1.6 ..
4.9 -9.0 52.9 29.5 -55.9
33.5 .. -3.2 -23.1 ..
0.6 3.9 -18.6 10.5 ..
5.7 -1.5 6.4 -2.0 ..
1.1 6.5 -5.1 6.2 ..
13.9 49.7 -11.7 9.6 ..
8.8 12.3 -0.3 -39.0 47.6
41.2 13.9 23.1 -2.0 ..
8.9 16.7 3.0 -5.3 17.8
14.7 92.1 -18.3 -14.4 ..
9.8 3.0 38.1 2.0 19.6
35.5 93.1 12.6 5.4 -7.7
0.2 -0.8 -9.9 4.9 ..
33.9 -7.5 -2.1 39.5 ..
13.6 -10.5 -6.5 16.6 13.3
26.6 69.3 5.3 5.1 5.4
.. .. .. .. ..
33 24.6 10.2 -10.6 -1.8
7.7 5.6 -1.6 5.2 21.5
9.4 0.6 -0.3 7.2 -
1.8 -2.2 -12.9 5.4 7.3
11.8 3.7 -5.7 -8.6 -13.9
7.9 6.1 0.5 5.3 7.5
5.1 -5.3 -15.2 17.7 5.4
-1.8 -1.1 -57.3 .. ..
6.5 12.2 1.3 2.7 -2.3
6.8 6.3 -2.9 -2.8 7.3
5.9 5.0 -2.9 -3.6 6.0
8.5 8.7 -2.6 -2.2 9.2
6.9 1.1 -8.4 9.6 7.0
5.2 8.1 -2.3 -0.3 7.8
20. Total services imports: Levels and annual average growth rates, 2009-2017, selected years
Total service exports (millions of dollars)
Country average
2009-2016 2014 2015 2016 2017
Afghanistan 1,673.5 1,834.0 1,545.9 1,298.1 1,572.3
Angola 20,206.3 24,957.6 17,276.2 12,616.5 14,290.3
Bangladesh 6,059.4 7,770.2 7,719.5 7,784.2 9,262.7
Benin 635.0 885.4 668.6 665.2 ..
Bhutan 171.1 189.5 195.1 196.0 209.9
Burkina Faso 1,111.8 1,308.5 1,165.9 1,238.0 ..
Burundi 215.3 269.1 228.8 214.6 ..
Cambodia 1,521.9 1,883.0 1,921.6 2,058.0 2,278.3
Central African Republic 200.9 250.0 215.8 196.7 ..
Chad 2,635.4 3,183.8 2,761.0 .. ..
Comoros 97.2 99.1 82.6 .. ..
Dem. Rep. of the Congo 2,422.8 3,082.2 2,191.6 1,812.8 ..
Djibouti 170.2 193.7 230.1 199.4 ..
Eritrea .. .. .. .. ..
Ethiopia 3,693.0 4,391.1 4,835.4 5,217.0 ..
Gambia 92.9 117.3 116.6 131.7 111.0
Guinea 587.8 545.0 503.5 709.2 ..
Guinea-Bissau 97.3 116.5 130.9 82.2 ..
Haiti 1,066.0 1,087.2 1,041.6 1,013.2 1,105.9
Kiribati 66.8 87.0 74.6 66.8 ..
Lao People's Dem. Rep. 420.2 497.3 642.4 619.2 ..
Lesotho 392.2 329.1 318.5 304.4 354.1
Liberia 1,025.1 1,226.4 968.7 656.1 ..
Madagascar 1,156.5 1,171.8 1,041.5 1,071.6 ..
Malawi 259.4 268.8 329.3 286.1 ..
Mali 1,578.3 2,175.7 1,994.6 2,248.8 ..
Mauritania 778.9 900.3 640.7 605.4 ..
Mozambique 2,860.1 3,657.1 3,029.0 3,284.1 3,071.1
Myanmar 1,703.3 2,197.1 2,387.7 2,898.2 ..
Nepal 1,002.9 1,197.1 1,200.8 1,250.8 1,617.1
Niger 885.5 1,041.8 972.7 810.3 ..
Rwanda 708.3 669.6 1,090.7 1,088.6 1,028.0
Senegal 1,301.3 1,451.5 1,304.6 1,324.4 ..
Sierra Leone 574.6 1,237.6 882.7 450.2 ..
Solomon Islands 193.1 223.6 182.8 207.3 216.7
Somalia a 1,226.0 1,224.0 1,328.0 1,335.0 1,452.0
South Sudan .. .. .. .. ..
Sudan b 2,129.1 2,074.8 1,778.9 1,507.2 1,905.8
Timor-Leste 818.3 451.8 666.7 607.0 441.6
Togo 420.3 426.0 372.9 398.3 ..
Tuvalu 25.1 15.1 16.1 19.3 ..
Uganda 2,200.7 2,674.9 2,379.0 1,979.3 2,042.5
Vanuatu 143.8 144.9 179.0 152.8 128.8
Yemen 2,153.4 2,743.3 1,274.7 .. ..
Zambia 1,284.1 1,644.4 1,432.4 1,393.3 1,524.6
LDCs c 69,981.3 85,270.0 73,000.0 66,270.0 71,980.0
African LDCs and Haiti c 54,045.0 65,850.0 54,850.0 48,060.0 51,390.0
Asian LDCs c 14,548.8 18,310.0 16,890.0 17,000.0 19,560.0
Island LDCs c 1,388.8 1,110.0 1,270.0 1,200.0 1,040.0
ODCs c 1,548,140.0 1,854,420.0 1,779,230.0 1,767,990.0 1,877,810.0
Source: UNCTAD, UNCTADstat database (accessed November 2018) and UNCTAD secretariat estimates.
Notes: UNCTAD secretariat estimates, balance of payment BPM6; a Somalia average 2013-2016;
b
Sudan includes South Sudan until 2012;c Totals include estimates for missing countries
average
2009-2016 2014 2015 2016 2017
8.5 -11.0 -15.7 -16.0 21.1
-5.2 8.2 -30.8 -27.0 13.3
10.2 18.3 -0.7 0.8 19.0
4.6 16.3 -24.5 -0.5 ..
7.7 6.8 3.0 0.5 7.1
11.1 -8.3 -10.9 6.2 ..
-0.8 13.0 -15.0 -6.2 ..
12.2 6.8 2.0 7.1 10.7
4.0 43.8 -13.7 -8.8 ..
7.0 2.6 -13.3 - ..
1.1 -9.3 -16.7 - ..
0.8 18.8 -28.9 -17.3 ..
6.6 15.6 18.8 -13.4 ..
.. .. .. .. ..
11.0 28.2 10.1 7.9 ..
7.6 78.0 -0.6 13.0 -15.7
10.4 -26.2 -7.6 40.9 ..
2.4 33.6 12.3 -37.2 ..
5.8 -1.3 -4.2 -2.7 9.2
5.5 31.0 -14.3 -10.4 ..
28.0 -6.9 29.2 -3.6 -
-3.1 -10.7 -3.2 -4.4 16.3
-7.1 30.2 -21.0 -32.3 ..
-3.5 -4.8 -11.1 2.9 ..
6.0 9.7 22.5 -13.1 ..
14.6 0.8 -8.3 12.7 ..
-1.3 -9.9 -28.8 -5.5 ..
22.7 -6.3 -17.2 8.4 -6.5
22.5 0.5 8.7 21.4 ..
5.3 21.6 0.3 4.2 29.3
4.6 6.4 -6.6 -16.7 ..
11.3 13.5 62.9 -0.2 -5.6
21.6 75.5 -20.7 -2.0 -0.3
-0.3 0.6 -10.1 1.5 ..
28.2 79.6 -28.7 -49.0 ..
10.8 -9.8 -18.2 13.4 4.6
9.8 20.4 8.5 0.5 8.8
.. .. .. .. ..
-5.0 2.2 -14.3 -15.3 26.4
10.2 -11.1 47.6 -9.0 -27.2
1.8 -9.6 -12.5 6.8 ..
-2.0 -16.4 7.0 19.9 1.3
7.2 10.2 -11.1 -16.8 3.2
3.8 7.2 0.0 -19.8 -15.6
2.6 -2.8 23.5 -14.6 -15.7
-5.0 20.7 -53.5 - ..
8.6 -9.5 -12.9 -2.7 9.4
2.4 7.4 -14.4 -9.2 8.6
1.0 6.7 -16.7 -12.4 6.9
8.0 10.7 -7.8 0.7 15.0
6.0 -3.6 14.7 -5.1 -14.0
5.8 11.8 -4.1 -0.6 6.2
21. LDC merchandise and services export specilization 2015-2017
(Percent of total merchandise and services exports)
Minerals, Ores &
Country Services Food & Fuels Metals, incl. gold & Manufactured
Agriculture precious stones goods
Afghanistan 46.9 35.7 3.8 7.6 3.1

Angola 2.7 0.2 94.5 2.6 ..
Bangladesh 9.5 3.8 0.2 0.3 86.1
Benin 16.1 47.2 5.7 19.7 11.0
Bhutan 20.9 6.8 12.1 9.4 50.4
Burkina Faso 14.2 24.2 1.8 56.1 3.6
Burundi 33.1 31.0 0.3 28.6 6.9
Cambodia 30.0 6.5 0.0 2.9 60.5
Chad 15.0 6.6 69.8 7.1 1.4
Comoros 74.2 18.0 0.0 0.8 7.0
Dem. Rep. of the Congo 2.3 2.6 6.0 80.4 7.4
Djibouti 76.2 10.3 1.0 3.2 6.8
Eritrea .. .. .. .. ..
Ethiopia 50.4 34.9 1.6 5.0 7.3
Gambia 59.6 32.4 0.8 2.0 5.0
Guinea 2.2 9.6 6.3 70.6 11.3
Guinea-Bissau 9.0 85.2 4.0 0.3 1.5
Haiti 40.4 5.4 0.0 1.2 49.7
Kiribati 43.7 52.8 0.4 0.0 2.0
Lao People's Dem. Rep. 19.2 21.3 13.5 24.1 17.9
Lesotho 4.5 10.2 0.1 21.1 64.1
Liberia 39.9 12.4 3.5 18.9 24.3
Madagascar 31.8 28.4 0.8 20.3 18.3
Malawi 10.1 72.5 0.1 1.5 15.0
Mali 13.5 18.5 0.4 59.9 7.5
Mauritania 14.4 36.8 3.5 43.1 1.5
Mozambique 13.9 18.6 31.7 30.0 5.7
Myanmar 23.3 27.0 24.4 5.2 18.3
Nepal 67.3 9.5 0.0 0.6 22.6
Niger 17.6 17.5 10.8 26.7 27.2
Rwanda 50.3 17.0 4.2 22.8 5.1
Senegal 30.7 23.4 11.9 13.5 19.4
Sierra Leone 27.8 15.7 0.2 48.8 7.2
Solomon Islands 21.5 69.1 0.1 3.7 1.7
Somalia a 46.1 46.3 0.0 3.5 3.8
South Sudan .. .. .. .. ..
Sudan b 31.2 19.5 30.3 17.2 1.9
Timor-Leste 81.6 4.9 11.2 0.2 1.9
Togo 33.3 15.2 14.1 17.8 18.9
Tuvalu 95.4 2.8 0.1 0.0 1.8
Uganda 41.9 36.0 1.3 6.8 12.8
United Republic of Tanzania 44.0 23.6 0.9 22.9 8.4
Vanuatu 88.9 6.6 0.1 0.0 4.3
Yemen 38.5 13.8 34.7 8.8 4.1
Zambia 10.8 11.9 1.0 66.0 10.2
Notes: No data for Eritrea and South Sudan, and no data for merchandise exports of Angola.
22. Total net ODA disbursements to LDCs by country and as percentage of GNI, 2009-2016, selected years
Total Net ODA disbursement Net ODA received (% of GNI)
Country Millions of dollars (current) Per cent
average average
2009-2016 2014 2015 2016 2009-2016 2014
Afghanistan 4,416.1 4,943.0 4,237.3 4,068.0 23.9 23.2
Angola 274.0 235.4 380.1 206.5 0.3 0.2
Bangladesh 2,498.7 2,422.6 2,570.1 2,503.4 1.6 1.4
Benin 507.5 599.3 430.1 492.9 6.1 6.3
Bhutan 93.2 130.6 97.3 51.6 5.5 7.2
Burkina Faso 1,047.9 1,123.4 997.0 1,023.4 10.0 9.4
Burundi 541.5 515.4 366.5 742.5 22.4 17.9
Cambodia 736.7 802.7 679.0 728.4 5.4 5.2
Chad 541.0 391.9 606.7 624.5 4.7 2.9
Comoros 64.8 75.0 65.8 53.7 11.1 11.9
Dem. Rep. of the Congo 2,367.1 2,400.0 2,599.0 2,102.2 8.6 7.4
Djibouti 173.6 166.1 169.6 185.1 10.4 ..
Eritrea 81.7 84.2 94.1 66.7 .. ..
Ethiopia 3,629.8 3,584.0 3,233.7 4,071.8 8.0 6.7
Gambia 99.9 100.3 107.7 91.6 11.0 11.5
Guinea 552.2 563.1 538.0 555.4 7.5 7.0
Guinea-Bissau 134.0 110.3 95.0 196.8 13.2 10.1
Haiti 1,066.6 1,082.4 1,045.9 1,071.7 13.7 12.4
Kiribati 68.8 80.7 65.0 60.8 24.6 22.6
Lesotho 100.9 107.2 83.1 112.3 3.5 3.6
Liberia 886.4 749.6 1,094.4 815.1 63.1 45.8
Madagascar 629.0 588.1 677.0 621.8 6.6 5.6
Malawi 1,073.9 931.2 1,049.4 1,241.3 16.9 15.5
Mali 1,215.9 1,235.8 1,204.1 1,207.9 10.0 9.0
Mauritania 289.9 260.7 318.0 290.9 6.0 4.6
Mozambique 1,816.6 2,106.0 1,814.7 1,529.1 13.1 12.5
Myanmar 1,362.8 1,384.5 1,168.5 1,535.4 2.5 2.2
Nepal 1,057.3 883.8 1,224.8 1,063.4 5.8 4.2
Niger 912.3 917.8 868.0 951.2 13.3 11.5
Rwanda 1,089.3 1,035.0 1,085.3 1,147.4 15.4 12.9
Senegal 908.1 1,108.7 879.1 736.4 6.4 7.4
Sierra Leone 851.2 914.0 946.3 693.2 23.7 18.7
Solomon Islands 188.7 200.5 190.0 175.5 22.6 18.6
Somalia 1,177.3 1,109.2 1,253.4 1,169.4 .. ..
South Sudan 1,742.0 1,964.1 1,674.8 1,587.0 16.2 14.3
Sudan 861.4 874.7 899.8 809.7 1.4 1.3
Timor-Leste 228.5 249.5 212.3 223.6 6.7 7.2
Togo 191.8 210.9 199.6 165.0 5.4 5.4
Tuvalu 36.1 34.3 49.7 24.4 68.3 66.9
Uganda 1,672.9 1,633.7 1,628.2 1,756.9 7.5 6.4
United Republic of Tanzania 2,516.8 2,650.5 2,582.2 2,317.5 6.4 5.7
Vanuatu 138.7 100.4 186.6 129.1 19.0 12.3
Yemen 1,540.4 1,163.4 1,531.4 1,926.4 5.1 3.1
Zambia 919.3 997.7 797.1 962.9 4.1 3.6
LDCs 38,913.4 39,005.6 38,765.3 38,969.2 5.0 4.4
African LDCs and Haiti 27,886.9 28,303.0 27,440.6 27,917.1 6.0 5.2
Asian LDCs 5,973.2 5,641.3 6,001.2 6,277.1 2.0 1.6
Island LDCs 5,053.3 5,061.4 5,323.5 4,775.1 81.8 75.1
ODCs 150,143.6 154,152.6 145,484.3 150,793.8 0.6 0.5
Source: UNCTAD calculations based on OECD, IDS database and World Bank WDI data on GNI using the Atlas method (accessed November
9-2016, selected years
t ODA received (% of GNI)
Per cent
2015 2016
20.9 20.4
0.3 0.2
1.3 1.2
4.7 5.5
5.3 2.6
8.8 9.0
12.8 25.2
4.1 4.1
29.7 29.1
4.9 6.0
10.7 8.8
7.5 5.8
10.5 10.7
.. ..
5.4 6.0
12.4 10.4
6.4 6.2
8.6 16.9
12.0 12.6
16.7 19.0
3.5 2.8
2.9 4.0
64.3 47.4
6.7 6.3
17.8 21.4
8.7 8.7
6.2 6.0
11.1 11.1
1.9 2.4
5.8 5.1
11.1 12.3
13.1 13.6
14.8 13.6
6.0 5.0
23.8 19.6
16.8 15.5
.. ..
13.8 33.2
1.2 1.0
5.7 7.7
4.4 3.6
82.2 42.9
6.1 6.7
5.4 4.7
24.6 16.7
5.2 6.8
3.2 4.3
4.2 4.2
5.0 5.2
1.7 1.6
76.3 77.7
0.5 0.5
e Atlas method (accessed November 2018)

23. Gross aid disbursement to LDCs by sector, 2005-2016, selected years
(Million of current US dollars)
Social Infrastructure Economic Commodity Aid /
& Services infrastructure, General Programme
Total All Sectors Production sector, Assistance, Total
Multi-sector
Recipient
2005-2011 2012-2016 2005-2011 2012-2016 2005- 2012-2016 2005-
2011 2011
Afghanistan 4,528.7 4,200.1 2,333.4 2,491.8 348.8 1,215.0 96.3

Angola 221.2 171.3 146.9 102.7 4.9 56.7 4.2
Bangladesh 1,360.2 2,106.9 528.3 666.2 1,320.5 1,325.5 53.5
Benin 329.7 296.7 173.3 175.6 91.1 97.3 28.2
Bhutan 57.5 44.9 16.0 11.6 538.1 31.8 8.3
Burkina Faso 502.9 424.9 218.0 204.4 90.5 135.8 90.2
Burundi 277.0 248.6 118.6 139.9 34.3 60.6 39.6
Cambodia 537.8 724.9 277.5 345.1 172.8 363.5 10.9
Central African Republic 99.8 220.6 18.2 34.4 50.2 7.6 9.5
Chad 271.7 254.7 39.7 48.6 182.5 20.3 14.8
Comoros 25.5 30.7 15.1 20.9 16.3 4.2 3.5
Dem. Rep. of the Congo 1,820.1 1,159.7 469.2 502.3 30.8 155.9 37.5
Djibouti 75.9 89.3 29.5 29.2 4.0 16.6 27.5
Eritrea 64.8 11.4 15.2 5.1 112.2 0.9 4.0
Ethiopia 1,638.2 1,889.4 690.8 781.5 92.4 493.9 169.4
Gambia 28.5 27.1 13.4 20.1 5.5 2.6 8.6
Guinea 143.3 235.9 68.8 101.3 184.7 24.0 7.0
Guinea-Bissau 48.9 28.6 25.6 19.7 5.7 2.6 9.0
Haiti 968.2 697.4 389.8 402.8 26.3 151.5 56.9
Kiribati 36.1 50.0 15.3 25.4 9.3 24.2 1.2
Lao People's Dem. Rep. 257.0 397.2 97.5 196.2 167.6 186.9 12.4
Lesotho 109.2 68.7 91.6 55.3 16.7 4.1 3.2
Liberia 505.2 553.3 155.6 198.8 109.3 189.5 21.6
Madagascar 348.0 257.9 120.9 119.9 36.2 61.9 25.3
Malawi 437.9 718.9 245.2 395.7 80.6 208.6 80.8
Mali 690.1 768.2 328.5 398.1 81.8 165.1 61.4
Mauritania 140.3 122.3 51.1 43.6 68.4 32.3 16.9
Mozambique 1,425.4 1,314.1 713.5 728.3 272.8 417.1 366.8
Myanmar 210.0 2,406.3 79.7 403.0 42.6 797.9 6.0
Nepal 440.4 684.8 230.2 274.9 290.3 271.9 10.3
Niger 272.0 433.9 102.1 155.3 38.3 83.0 39.2
Rwanda 496.8 534.4 263.3 313.3 126.3 177.2 84.4
Senegal 706.6 729.8 303.3 390.5 158.3 247.7 32.2
Sierra Leone 207.2 355.1 87.0 120.5 6.0 30.7 43.3
Solomon Islands 256.3 202.8 206.2 152.1 250.8 46.1 0.2
Somalia 430.3 695.4 92.0 262.8 27.2 52.1 11.1
South Sudan 556.5 1,529.9 325.5 482.5 32.0 129.6 14.0
Sudan 1,695.7 613.1 513.5 116.2 66.3 35.1 31.0
Timor-Leste 218.5 213.4 157.1 112.0 21.5 92.6 6.4
Togo 193.6 102.1 37.8 46.7 135.9 36.4 9.0
Tuvalu 17.0 23.3 7.3 6.0 37.1 13.2 1.9
Uganda 1,036.5 1,109.5 601.5 667.8 44.8 322.0 92.5
United Republic of Tanzania 1,762.2 1,572.3 759.4 888.6 55.1 527.7 473.3
Vanuatu 87.8 124.4 47.9 50.1 192.9 54.5 2.5
Yemen 294.9 550.0 166.7 164.9 357.4 25.3 16.4
Zambia 934.7 702.2 434.6 527.9 48.0 143.0 92.6
LDCs 26,316.6 29,720.0 11,555.7 13,410.5 1,337.5 8,546.5 2,224.1
African LDCs and Haiti 17,961.5 17,936.7 7,364.3 8,479.5 739.3 4,089.4 1,992.7
Asian LDCs 7,686.6 11,114.9 3,729.3 4,553.6 5,622.3 4,217.8 210.8
Island LDCs 668.5 668.5 462.1 377.4 2,707.6 239.3 20.6
ODCs 72,980.9 79,986.5 26,639.4 26,267.9 6,507.0 28,513.0 2,088.8
Source: UNCTAD calculations based on OECD, Creditor Reporting System database (CRS) database (accessed November 2018)
Commodity Aid / Action Relating to Humanitarian Aid,
General Programme Debt, Total Total
Assistance, Total Others
2012- 2005- 2012- 2005- 2012-2016 2005- 2012-2016

2016 2011 2016 2011 2011
47.2 31.5 .. 506.7 365.8 38.1 80.3

6.9 9.7 .. 17.4 3.6 7.2 1.4
41.4 44.9 0.4 61.5 70.5 8.7 2.8
17.8 10.5 0.6 2.7 0.5 8.1 5.0
0.4 .. .. 0.6 0.9 0.6 0.2
50.5 12.4 0.9 9.1 24.2 10.6 9.2
18.7 5.2 0.1 63.4 27.0 4.3 2.4
7.1 0.4 0.3 5.8 4.7 11.1 4.4
15.5 14.7 0.4 34.5 161.5 1.9 1.3
10.6 4.5 11.1 186.6 161.9 5.8 2.2
3.9 1.8 1.2 0.9 0.1 1.7 1.2
45.9 847.2 115.4 328.0 308.6 15.2 31.6
26.8 2.1 0.0 9.9 15.7 1.7 1.0
2.1 .. .. 36.2 4.4 2.8 0.5
183.6 25.1 0.0 486.3 415.9 11.8 14.5
3.8 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.7
9.1 33.3 46.6 10.6 39.6 3.7 15.2
2.4 2.8 3.1 3.0 0.9 3.4 0.5
22.9 36.4 0.2 325.5 116.4 15.8 3.6
0.2 .. .. 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.0
6.7 0.8 .. 4.6 3.2 5.8 4.2
2.8 0.6 0.0 4.8 4.5 1.9 2.0
18.4 277.7 0.3 63.9 144.4 1.4 2.0
47.8 92.3 8.8 12.6 14.9 10.3 4.7
40.7 13.8 2.2 11.1 65.7 3.4 6.4
37.3 37.9 15.7 10.7 143.5 14.8 8.5
11.1 7.1 1.2 11.7 29.2 7.3 5.0
118.7 25.0 6.8 18.2 22.0 17.9 21.3
422.3 2.0 632.2 85.7 147.1 6.4 3.8
1.9 12.3 0.0 31.6 130.4 4.4 5.7
49.8 11.0 0.3 59.0 139.1 7.0 6.3
7.6 18.2 0.2 13.9 31.9 7.3 4.2
7.7 7.3 0.0 0.2 0.0 1.6 0.8
69.9 61.6 0.4 4.9 10.0 17.3 11.2
16.2 46.3 29.3 14.2 178.9 1.7 2.9
.. 3.9 .. 2.3 3.4 2.6 1.2
21.2 0.5 0.0 307.8 348.2 8.5 11.1
44.9 .. .. 131.7 868.7 6.9 4.2
7.2 2.0 0.0 951.9 446.8 10.3 7.7
9.4 .. .. 6.8 2.6 2.5 0.5
8.5 117.8 10.5 1.1 2.4 2.7 1.0
3.3 .. .. 3.2 0.8 0.2 0.0
13.4 16.1 0.0 119.4 99.7 9.7 6.6
92.1 112.1 14.7 33.5 37.3 17.2 11.9
1.7 0.0 0.0 0.3 19.0 2.1 0.5
16.8 12.5 0.0 44.8 340.7 2.9 2.3
19.1 331.1 0.0 11.1 6.0 8.1 6.1
1,601.1 2,071.4 878.8 3,935.4 4,962.8 329.5 320.2
1,037.0 1,983.8 244.8 3,182.3 3,873.5 240.4 212.4
543.8 81.6 632.9 741.3 1,063.3 78.0 103.7
20.3 6.0 1.2 11.7 26.1 11.1 4.2
1,457.2 8,960.0 1,176.4 4,454.9 7,024.2 8,763.7 15,547.7
sed November 2018)

Gross aid disbursement to LDCs by sector
2002-2008 2013-2015
Total All Sectors
Social Infrastructure & Services
Economic infrastructure, Production sector, Multi-sector
Commodity Aid / General Programme Assistance
Action Relating to Debt
Humanitarian Aid
Others
Gross aid disbursement to LDCs by sector
2013-2015
2002-2008
24. Net ODAa from individual DAC member countries to LDCs, 2000-2016, selected years
Country Percentage of GNIb Millions of dollars
2000-2006 2007-2012 2012-2016 2000-2006 2007-2012
Luxembourg 0.27 0.38 0.39 68 152
Sweden 0.24 0.30 0.28 802 1,535
Norway 0.35 0.32 0.27 795 1,398
Denmark 0.33 0.33 0.23 702 1,082
United Kingdom 0.11 0.16 0.22 2,377 4,456
Finland 0.12 0.17 0.18 195 435
Ireland 0.21 0.25 0.16 288 532
Belgium 0.18 0.20 0.14 577 982
Netherlands 0.24 0.19 0.14 1,317 1,659
Switzerland 0.10 0.11 0.13 358 636
France 0.12 0.11 0.09 2,246 3,197
Iceland 0.07 0.11 0.09 8 15
Canada 0.08 0.12 0.09 701 1,847
Germany 0.08 0.10 0.09 1,938 3,525
DAC total 0.07 0.09 0.09 21,367 39,381
Japan 0.05 0.07 0.09 2,390 3,554
Australia 0.07 0.10 0.08 330 1,027
New Zealand 0.06 0.07 0.07 46 97
Austria 0.07 0.08 0.07 181 315
United States 0.03 0.06 0.06 4,147 9,516
Portugal 0.17 0.10 0.05 268 242
Korea 0.02 0.03 0.05 110 366
Italy 0.06 0.06 0.05 924 1,239
Spain 0.05 0.09 0.03 461 1,240
Poland 0.02 0.02 0.03 41 93
Czech Republic 0.02 0.04 0.03 16 68
Slovenia 0.00 0.02 0.02 0 11
Hungary 0.01 0.03 0.02 10 37
Greece 0.03 0.03 0.02 60 100
Slovak Republic 0.02 0.03 0.02 10 24
Source: UNCTAD secretariat based on OECD, IDS database and World Bank WDI data on GNI using the Atlas method (accessed November
Notes: aNet disbursements including imputed flows through multilateral channels

b
Donor countries in descending order of the ODA to GNI ratio in 2012-2016
ons of dollars
2012-2016
163
1,577
1,272
771
6,136
457
382
722
1,176
881
2,568
16
1,537
3,343
40,642
4,541
1,072
135
294
11,070
113
728
942
451
141
50
11
30
45
19
thod (accessed November 2018)

25. Access to electricity in LDCs, 2000-2016, selected years
Access to electricity, total Access to electricity, urban
per cent of total population per cent of urban population
2000 2010 2016 2000 2010 2016

Afghanistan 1 43 84 69.6 82.8 98.0
Angola 23 34 41 41.1 59.4 70.7
Bangladesh 32 55 76 81.2 90.1 94.0
Benin 21 34 41 45.7 65.4 70.8
Bhutan 35 73 100 96 99 100
Burkina Faso 9 13 19 41.1 48.5 60.7
Burundi 3 5 8 52.5 49.0 49.7
Cambodia 17 31 50 60.6 91.3 100.0
Central African Republic 6 10 14 15.6 24.9 34.1
Chad 3 6 9 11.6 18.3 31.4
Comoros 40 63 78 64.3 81.4 92.1
Dem. Rep. of the Congo 7 13 17 20.0 37.7 47.2
Djibouti 57 53 52 57.0 63.2 67.4
Eritrea 29 40 47 79 76 75
Ethiopia 13 25 43 76.2 85.0 85.4
Gambia 34 40 48 51.2 61.9 69.0
Guinea 17 26 34 56.1 71.3 82.2
Guinea-Bissau 5 6 15 23.2 11.8 29.8
Haiti 34 36 39 82 67 65
Kiribati 52 63 85 93.3 89.5 88.4
Lao People's Dem. Rep. 43 70 87 96 97 97
Lesotho 4 19 30 13.6 46.5 66.0
Liberia 0 5 20 0 10 34
Madagascar 14 17 23 49 60 67
Malawi 5 9 11 28.7 34.7 42.0
Mali 10 25 35 33.4 64.5 83.6
Mauritania 19 33 42 44.4 67.0 81.0
Mozambique 7 17 24 24 49 64
Myanmar 44 49 57 85.4 89.0 89.5
Nepal 28 67 91 84 93 95
Niger 6 13 16 40.7 55.6 65.4
Rwanda 6 10 29 38.9 44.5 80.0
Sao Tome and Principe 53 60 65 64.1 69.3 73.0
Senegal 62 54 65 25.4 81.3 87.7
Sierra Leone 11 11 20 26.1 34.3 46.9
Solomon Islands 7 32 48 59 65 70
Somalia a 5 20 30 21.5 43.6 57.2
South Sudan 0 2 9 0.0 4.0 22.0
Sudan b 23 35 39 66 68 70
Timor-Leste 20 38 63 71.7 83.4 91.7
Togo 17 31 47 39 67 87
Tuvalu 94 97 99 96 98 100
Uganda 8 15 27 42 50 58
United Republic of Tanzania 10 15 33 33.5 46.2 65.3
Vanuatu 22 37 58 78.3 85.3 91.4
Yemen 50 63 72 91.9 95.0 97.3
Zambia 17 22 27 44.1 49.8 62.0
LDCs c 20 33 45 55.4 66.7 74.2
African LDCs and Haiti c 13 21 30 43.3 55.5 64.9
Asian LDCs c 32 54 74 81.4 90.1 94.4
Island LDCs c 26 45 65 68.6 79.2 86.4
ODCs c 80 88 92 93.7 96.2 98.1
Source: World Bank, WDI database (accessed November 2017)

Notes: a Data not available for this year. Closest available year is shown in brackets.
Access to electricity, rural
per cent of rural population
2000 2010 2016

13.0 a (2005) 32 79
14.1 16.2 16.0
20.5 42.5 68.9
5.1 13.9 18.0
14.0 62.4 100.0
2.3 1.4 0.8
1.0 a (2005) 1 2
9.0 18.8 36.5
0.7 1.7 0.4
0.5 3.1 2.2
29.9 56.0 72.2
1 1.0 a (2012) 0.4 a (2014)
56.3 20.0 2.0 a (2015)
18.6 30.4 39.3
0.4 12.5 26.5
18.2 12.3 15.5
2.8 a (2005) 1 7
2.8 a (2006) 4 4.0 a (2015)
5.2 2.6 0.5 a (2013)
21.5 44.2 82.2
28.3 57.2 80.3
1.3 9.9 15.7
0 1 1
0.6 9.4 a (2011) 17.3
1.0 3.5 4.0
1.1 3.4 1.8
2.5 a (2001) 3.4 a (2007) 2.3 a (2014)
0.4 a (2001) 3 5
28.9 34.3 39.8
18.8 61.8 85.2
0.4 3.6 4.7
0.9 4.0 17.8
39.0 44.7 51.1
89.9 34.3 38.3
2.8 0.9 2.5
2.0 a (2002) 24 42
0.5 a (2002) 7 12
0.0 0.7 5.9
2 19 22
2.9 24.0 49.2
3 6 19
93.2 95.6 98.5
3.9 8.9 18.0
2.8 3.7 16.9
6.8 21.1 46.4
35.0 48.3 57.7
2.2 3.1 2.7
11.6 21.8 33.9
4.4 7.3 13.0
20.9 41.6 64.5
12.6 33.7 54.6
71.3 81.7 88.0

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1.

Value Rank Annual average growth

main aggregates database (accessed september 2017);

nt . See Technical notes 1 at hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2018_technical_notes.pdf

opment index, 2017

CDP 2012 review CDP 2015 review

Afghanistan 38.8 22.5 35.1 43.1

CDP 2018 review

39.3 48.4 weighted average

y index (EVI) and Human assets Index

CDP review 2015 CDP review 2018

lopment; weighted by GDP

Afghanistan 652.9 12.1 2.1 55.7 25.5 ..

Notes: a) Land area: country area excluding Inland water

South Sudan 619.7 42.7 70

Poverty, % population below 1$90

Poverty (% of population below 1$90-a-day)

Density of population (population per km 2 )

Urban population vs poverty

1,000.0 1,200.0 1,400.0

Country average 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 a

Afghanistan 6.3 6.5 3.1 -1.8 3.6 3.2

Sources: UNCTAD secretariat

4.0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Economic Forecasting Model.

Cs and Haiti Asian LDCs

Sources: UNCTAD secretariat

Source: UNCTAD, UNCTADstat database (accessed November 2018)

ss domestic savings External resource gap

Source: UNCTAD, UNCTADstat database (accessed November 2018)

Share of Value added by sector, 2015

Column AF Column AG Column AH Column AI

Column X Column Y Column Z Column AA

Source: UNCTAD, UNCTADstat database (accessed November 2018)

Countries with remittances > 10 per cent of GNI in 2017

2014 2015 2016 2017

28.3 31.9 31.5 29.8

10.9 8.0 7.6 8.5

3.5 3.4 4.4 4.8

http://www.worldbank.org/migration (accessed November 2018)

counts data files.

346.9 353.1 14.2 17.2 16.6 10.5

259.6 248.6 11.3 9.1 10.7 13.4

essed November 2018)

Sources: UNESCO, UIS database (accessed November 2018)

(per cent of secondary school-

Female Male Total Female Male

Source: UNCTAD, UNCTADstat database (accessed November 2018)

Source: UNCTAD, UNCTADstat database (accessed November 2018)

2014 2015 2016 2017

Source: UNCTAD, UNCTADstat database (accessed November 2018)

Labour- Low-skill and Medium-skill High-skill and

Source: UNCTAD, UNCTADstat database (accessed November 2018)

Labour- Low-skill and Medium-skill High-skill and

Afghanistan 5.6 2.9 2.1 0.0 0.6 5.5

Source: UNCTAD, UNCTADstat database (accessed November 2018)

Other Developing Other Unallocated

88.9 0.8 31.8 55.4 0.4 0.5 0.0

Afghanistan 11.7 3.0 6.7 1.8 0.2 20.7

Source: UNCTAD, UNCTADstat database (accessed November 2018)

Other Developing Other Unallocated

67.7 9.9 5.0 51.0 1.4 0.3 0.0