Concours commun d’accès aux filières d’ingénieurs

de l’ENSET Mohammedia - session de juillet 2018

Correction
Tapez une équation ici.
Prépare par tion
KABIR OUCHI
𝑃𝐴𝑅𝑇𝐼𝐸 𝐼
𝑄1 ). 𝑆𝑜𝑖𝑡 𝑓 𝑙’𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑝ℎ𝑖𝑠𝑚𝑒 𝑑𝑒 ℝ2 𝑑é𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖 𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑡𝑜𝑢𝑡 (𝑥, 𝑦)𝜖ℝ2
𝑝𝑎𝑟 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = (𝑥 + 𝑦, 𝑥 − 𝑦). 𝑂𝑛 𝑑é𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑓

𝑆𝑜𝑖𝑡 𝑢 = (𝑥 , 𝑦) 𝑒𝑡 𝑣 = (𝑥 ′ , 𝑦 ′ ) ∈ ℝ2
𝑂𝑛 𝑎 𝑓(𝑢) = 𝑓(𝑣) ⟹ 𝑓(𝑥 , 𝑦) = 𝑓(𝑥 ′ , 𝑦 ′ )
⟹ (𝑥 + 𝑦 , 𝑥 − 𝑦) = (𝑥 ′ + 𝑦 ′ , 𝑥 ′ − 𝑦 ′ )

𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑥′ + 𝑦′ 𝑥 = 𝑥′
⟹{ ⟹ { ⟹ 𝑓 𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑖𝑛𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒
𝑥 − 𝑦 = 𝑥′ − 𝑦′ 𝑦 = 𝑦′
𝑎 𝑥
∀ 𝑢 = ( ) ∈ ℝ2 ? ? ∃ 𝑣 = (𝑦) ∈ ℝ2 : 𝑡𝑞 𝑓(𝑥 , 𝑦) = (𝑎 , 𝑏)
𝑏
𝑎+𝑏
𝑥+𝑦 =𝑎 𝑥= 𝑎
⟹{ ⟹{ 2 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐 ∀ 𝑢 = ( ) ∈ ℝ2 ∃𝑣 𝑡𝑞
𝑥−𝑦 = 𝑏 𝑎−𝑏 𝑏
𝑦=
2
𝑎+𝑏
𝑣 = ( 2 ) 𝑒𝑡 𝑓(𝑣) = 𝑢 ⟹ 𝑓 𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒
𝑎−𝑏
2
⟹ 𝑓 𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑖𝑛𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑒𝑡 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝑓 𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑏𝑖𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 ⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐷

KABIR OUCHI ETUDIANT À EST AGADIR 1

 (𝐿𝑒𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑄2 𝑒𝑡 𝑄3 𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖é𝑒𝑠)
𝑆𝑜𝑖𝑡 𝑓 𝑙’𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑖𝑛é𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑒 𝑑é𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑒 𝑑𝑒 ℝ3 𝑑𝑎𝑛𝑠 ℝ2 𝑝𝑎𝑟 ∶
𝑓(1,0,0) = (1,1) ; 𝑓(0,1,0) = (0,1) 𝑒𝑡 𝑓(0,0,1) = (−1,1). 𝐴𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠
𝑄2 ). 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧)𝑣𝑎𝑢𝑡
𝑂𝑛 𝑎 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 𝑥𝑓(1,0,0) + 𝑦𝑓(0,1,0) + 𝑧𝑓(0,1,1)
= 𝑥(1,1) + 𝑦(0,1) + 𝑧(−1,1) ⟹ 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 𝑧; 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧)

⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐷

𝑄3 ). 𝐿𝑒 𝑛𝑜𝑦𝑎𝑢 𝑑𝑒 𝑙’𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑖𝑛é𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑒 𝑓 𝑣é𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒 ∶

𝑂𝑛 𝑠𝑎𝑖𝑡 𝑞𝑢𝑒
𝐾𝑒𝑟𝑓 = {(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) ∈ ℝ3 / 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 0ℝ2 }
𝑥−𝑧=0
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = (0,0) ⟹ (𝑥 − 𝑧 ; 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧) = (0,0) ⟹ {
𝑥+𝑦+𝑧 =0
𝑥=𝑧
⟹ { 𝑦 = −2𝑥

𝐾𝑒𝑟𝑓 = {(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) ∈ ℝ3 / 𝑥 = 𝑧 𝑒𝑡 𝑦 = −2𝑧 } = (𝑧; −2𝑧; 𝑧) 𝑧∈ℝ

= 𝑧(1; −2; 1) = 𝑉𝑒𝑐𝑡(1; −2; 1)
𝐷′ 𝑜𝑢 𝑑𝑖 𝑚(𝐾𝑒𝑟𝑓) = 1 ⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐵

𝑄4). 𝑆𝑜𝑖𝑡 𝑓 𝑙’𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑝ℎ𝑖𝑠𝑚𝑒 𝑑𝑒 ℝ4 𝑑é𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖 𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑡𝑜𝑢𝑡 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧, 𝑡)𝜖ℝ4 𝑝𝑎𝑟:

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧, 𝑡) = (𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑡, 𝑥 + 𝑧 + 2𝑡, 2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧, −𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧)
𝐿𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑒 𝑓 (é𝑔𝑎𝑙 à 𝑑𝑖𝑚𝐼𝑚𝑓)𝑣𝑎𝑢𝑡
𝑂𝑛 𝑎 𝐾𝑒𝑟𝑓 = {(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧, 𝑡) ∈ ℝ4 / 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧, 𝑡) = 0ℝ4 }
𝑥+𝑦−𝑡 =0 𝑡 =𝑥+𝑦 𝑥=0
𝑥 + 𝑧 + 2𝑡 = 0 𝑧 = 2𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑦=0
⟹ { 2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 0 ⟹ { ⟹{
5𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 0 𝑧=0
−𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 0 𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 0 𝑡=0

KABIR OUCHI ETUDIANT À EST AGADIR 2

𝑝𝑢𝑖𝑠 𝑘𝑒𝑟𝑓 = 0ℝ4 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝑑𝑖𝑚𝐾𝑒𝑟𝑓 = 0
𝑑 ′ 𝑎𝑝𝑟è𝑠 𝑡ℎé𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑖𝑚(ℝ4 ) = 𝑟𝑔 𝑓 + dim(𝑘𝑒𝑟𝑓)

𝐷′ 𝑜𝑢 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔(𝑓) = 4 ⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐷

0 𝑎 𝑏
𝑄5). 𝑆𝑜𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 , 𝑏, 𝑐 ∈ ℝ . 𝐿𝑒 𝑑é𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑡 |𝑎 0 𝑐 | 𝑒𝑠𝑡 é𝑔𝑎𝑙 à
𝑏 𝑐 0
𝑂𝑛 𝑎 𝐷𝑒𝑣𝑙𝑒𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑝𝑎𝑟 𝑟𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑎 𝑙𝑎 1𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒
0 𝑎 𝑏
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 𝑏
⟹ |𝑎 0 𝑐| = 𝑎 | |+𝑏| | = (𝑎𝑏𝑐 + 𝑎𝑏𝑐) = 2𝑎𝑏𝑐
𝑐 0 0 𝑐
𝑏 𝑐 0
⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐶

(𝐿𝑒𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑄6, 𝑄7 𝑒𝑡 𝑄8 𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖é𝑒𝑠)

1 3 4
𝑂𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑è𝑟𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑟é𝑒 𝐴 = ( ) . 𝐴𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠
5 4 −3
𝑄6). 𝑙𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑢𝑟 𝑢 = (2,1)
𝑢 𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑢𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑢𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑟𝑒 𝑠𝑖 𝑙 ′ 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐴𝑢 = 𝜆𝑢 𝑎𝑑𝑚𝑒𝑡 𝑢𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑢𝑙 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝜆
1
(3 × 2 + 4 × 1) = 2𝜆
5 𝜆=1
𝑂𝑛 𝑎 𝐴𝑢 = 𝜆𝑢 ⟺ { ⟺ {
1 𝜆=1
(4 × 2 − 3 × 1) = 𝜆
5
𝜆 𝑠 ′ 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑙𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑢𝑟𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝐴
𝐷𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝑢(2,1) 𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑢𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑢𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝐴 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑖é à 𝑙𝑎 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑢𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑟𝑒 1

⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐶

KABIR OUCHI ETUDIANT À EST AGADIR 3

𝑄7 ). 𝑙𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑢𝑟 𝑣 = (−1,2)
𝑣 𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑢𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑢𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑟𝑒 𝑠𝑖 𝑙 ′ 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐴𝑣 = 𝜆𝑣 𝑎𝑑𝑚𝑒𝑡 𝑢𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑢𝑙 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝜆
1
(3 × (−1) + 4 × 2) = −𝜆
5 𝜆 = −1
𝑂𝑛 𝑎 𝐴𝑢 = 𝜆𝑢 ⟺ { ⟺ {
1 𝜆 = −1
(4 × (−1) − 3 × 2) = 2𝜆
5
𝐷𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝑢(−1,2) 𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑢𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑢𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝐴 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑖é à 𝑙𝑎 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑢𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑟𝑒 − 1

⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐵
2 −1
𝑄8). 𝑆𝑜𝑖𝑡 𝑃 = ( ) . 𝐴𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑃 𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑒𝑡 𝑃−1 𝐴𝑃 𝑣𝑎𝑢𝑡 ∶
1 2
𝑂𝑛 𝑎 𝑢(2,1) 𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑢𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑢𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝐴 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑖é à 𝑙𝑎 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑢𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑟𝑒 1
𝑒𝑡 𝑢(−1,2) 𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑢𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑢𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝐴 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑖é à 𝑙𝑎 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑢𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑟𝑒 − 1
𝜆 0 1 0
𝐷𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝐴 𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑒𝑡𝐷 = 𝑃−1 𝐴𝑃 = ( 1 )=( )
0 𝜆2 0 −1

⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐷

𝑃𝐴𝑅𝑇𝐼𝐸 𝐼𝐼
(𝐿𝑒𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑄9, 𝑄10 𝑒𝑡 𝑄11 𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖é𝑒𝑠)

𝑂𝑛 𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑒 𝑧 = 𝑒 2𝑖𝜋/7 𝑢𝑛𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑖è𝑚𝑒 𝑑𝑒 1.

𝑂𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑢 = 𝑧 + 𝑧 2 + 𝑧 4 𝑒𝑡 𝑣 = 𝑧 3 + 𝑧 5 + 𝑧 6

𝑄9). 𝐿𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑢 + 𝑣 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒

𝑂𝑛 𝑎 𝑢 + 𝑣 = (𝑧 + 𝑧2 + 𝑧4 ) + (𝑣 = 𝑧3 + 𝑧5 + 𝑧6 )

𝑢 + 𝑣 = 𝑣 = 𝑧 + 𝑧2 + 𝑧4 + 𝑧3 + 𝑧5 + 𝑧6

KABIR OUCHI ETUDIANT À EST AGADIR 4

𝑢 + 𝑣 𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑢𝑛 𝑠𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑒 𝑑′ 𝑢𝑛 𝑠𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝐺𝑖𝑜𝑚é𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑞 = 𝑧
1 − 𝑧6 𝑧 − 𝑧7
𝑘=6
𝑘
1−𝑧
𝐴𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑢 + 𝑣 = ∑ 𝑧 =𝑧 = =− = −1
𝑘=1 1−𝑧 1−𝑧 1−𝑧
( 𝐶𝑎𝑟 𝑧 7 = 1)
⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐴

𝑄10). 𝐿𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑣 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒

𝑂𝑛 𝑎 𝑢𝑣 = (𝑧 + 𝑧2 + 𝑧4 )( 𝑧3 + 𝑧5 + 𝑧6 )
= 𝑧 4 + 𝑧 6 + 𝑧 7 + 𝑧 5 + 𝑧 7 + 𝑧 8 + 𝑧 7 + 𝑧 9 + 𝑧 10
= 3𝑧 7 + 𝑧 + 𝑧2 + 𝑧4 + 𝑧3 + 𝑧5 + 𝑧6
(𝑧 7 = 1 ; 𝑧 8 = 𝑧 7 . 𝑧 = 𝑧 ; 𝑧 9 = 𝑧 7 . 𝑧 2 = 𝑧 2 𝑒𝑡 𝑧10 = 𝑧 7 . 𝑧 3 = 𝑧 3 )
𝑑 ′ 𝑎𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑄9 𝑧 + 𝑧2 + 𝑧4 + 𝑧3 + 𝑧5 + 𝑧6 = −1
𝐷𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝑣𝑢 = 3 − 1 = 2 ⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐶

𝑄10 ). 𝐿𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑣 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒

𝑢 + 𝑣 = −1 𝑢 = −1 − 𝑣
𝑂𝑛 𝑎 𝑢 + 𝑣 = −1 𝑒𝑡 𝑢𝑣 = 2 ⟹ { ⟹{ 2
𝑢𝑣 = 2 𝑣 +𝑣−2=
−1±√7
𝑢 = −1 − 𝑣 𝑢 =
2
𝑑 ′ 𝑜𝑢 { −1±√7 {
𝑣= −1±√7
2 𝑣=
2

2𝜋 4𝜋 8𝜋
𝑝𝑢𝑖𝑠 𝐼𝑚(𝑢) = 𝑆𝑖𝑛 ( ) + 𝑆𝑖𝑛 ( ) + 𝑆𝑖𝑛 ( )
7 7 7
2𝜋 4𝜋 𝜋
= 𝑆𝑖𝑛 ( ) + 𝑆𝑖𝑛 ( ) − 𝑆𝑖𝑛 ( )
7 7 7
𝜋 2𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋 𝜋
∀𝑥 ∈ [0; ] 𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝑥) 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐 > ⟹ 𝑆𝑖𝑛 ( ) > 𝑆𝑖𝑛 ( )
2 7 7 7 7
𝜋 4𝜋 4𝜋
𝑒𝑡 > > 0 ⟹ 𝑆𝑖𝑛 ( ) > 0
2 7 7

KABIR OUCHI ETUDIANT À EST AGADIR 5

𝐴𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝐼𝑚(𝑢) > 0 ⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐷

𝑄12). 𝐿’𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑀 𝑑’𝑎𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑥𝑒 𝑧 𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝐿𝑒 𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑟𝑒

1+𝑧
𝑢 = 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑡 𝑑𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒 1 𝑒𝑠𝑡
1−𝑧
(1 + 𝑥) + 𝑖𝑦
𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑧 = 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝑢 = 𝑒𝑡 𝑝𝑢𝑖𝑠 |𝑢| = 1
(1 − 𝑥) − 𝑖𝑦

√(1 + 𝑥)2 + 𝑦 2
⟹ = 1 ⟹ √(1 + 𝑥)2 + 𝑦 2 = √(1 − 𝑥)2 + 𝑦 2
√(1 − 𝑥)2 + 𝑦2
⟹ 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1 + 𝑦 2

𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑥=0 ⟹ 𝐿’𝑎𝑥𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑠 ⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐶

𝑄13). 𝑆𝑜𝑖𝑡 (𝑎, 𝑏) ∈ ℂ2 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑐 𝑎 ≠ 𝑏. 𝐿𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝑒𝑢𝑐𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑛𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑃 ∈ ℂ[𝑋] 𝑝𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑦𝑛ô𝑚𝑒 (𝑋 − 𝑎)(𝑋 − 𝑏) 𝑒𝑠𝑡
𝑂𝑛 𝑠𝑎𝑖𝑡 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑅(𝑥) < 2 𝐶𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑔(𝑥 − 𝑎) (𝑥 − 𝑏)
𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝑅(𝑥) = 𝜆𝑥 + 𝛽 𝑒𝑡 ∃! 𝑄(𝑥) ∈ ℂ[𝑋] 𝑡𝑞 𝑃 = (𝑥 − 𝑎)(𝑥 − 𝑏)𝑄 + 𝑅
𝐴𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑃(𝑎) = 𝑅 (𝑎) = 𝜆𝑎 + 𝛽 𝑒𝑡 𝑃(𝑏) = 𝑅 (𝑏) = 𝜆𝑏 + 𝛽
𝑃(𝑏) − 𝑃(𝑎)
𝑑′ 𝑜𝑢 𝑃(𝑏) − 𝑃(𝑎) = 𝜆(𝑏 − 𝑎) ⟹ 𝜆=
(𝑏 − 𝑎)
𝑃(𝑏) − 𝑃(𝑎)
𝑒𝑡 𝛽 = 𝑃(𝑎) − 𝜆𝑎 ⟹ 𝜷 = 𝑃(𝑎) − 𝑎
(𝑏 − 𝑎)
𝑏𝑃(𝑎) − 𝑎𝑃(𝑏)
⟹ 𝜷=
(𝑏 − 𝑎)
𝑃(𝑏) − 𝑃(𝑎) 𝑏𝑃(𝑎) − 𝑎𝑃 (𝑏)
𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 ( )
𝑅 𝑥 =( )𝑥 +
(𝑏 − 𝑎) (𝑏 − 𝑎)
⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐷

KABIR OUCHI ETUDIANT À EST AGADIR 6

𝑄14)𝑆𝑜𝑖𝑡 𝑃 ∈ ℂ[𝑋]𝑢𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑦𝑛ô𝑚𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟é 𝑛. 𝑂𝑛 𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑒 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , … , 𝑥𝑛
𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑢 𝑛𝑜𝑛. 𝑆𝑜𝑖𝑡 𝑎 ∈ ℂ 𝑡𝑒𝑙 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑃(𝑎) ≠ 0.
𝑛 1
∑ 𝑒𝑠𝑡 é𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑒 à
𝑖=1 𝑎 − 𝑥𝑖

𝑃 𝑠 ′ 𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑒 𝑃(𝑥 ) = 𝛼 (𝑥 − 𝑥1 )(𝑥 − 𝑥2 )(𝑥 − 𝑥3 ) … (𝑥 − 𝑥𝑛 )

′(
𝑛
𝑃 (𝑥 ) 𝑃′ (𝑥 ) 𝑛 1
𝐷𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝑃 𝑥 ) = ∑ ⟹ =∑
𝑖=1 (𝑥 − 𝑥𝑖 ) 𝑃(𝑥 ) 𝑖=1 𝑥 − 𝑥𝑖
𝑛 1 𝑃′(𝑎)
′
𝑑 𝑜𝑢 ∑ = ⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐵
𝑖=1 𝑎 − 𝑥𝑖 𝑃(𝑎)
𝑄15). 𝐿𝑎 𝑑é𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑛 é𝑙é𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑠, 𝑠𝑢𝑟 ℝ[𝑋],
𝑥2
𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒 4 𝑒𝑠𝑡
𝑥 +1
𝑂𝑛 𝑠𝑎𝑖𝑡 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑥 4 + 1 = (𝑥 2 − √2𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 2 + √2𝑥 + 1)
𝑥2 𝛼𝑥 + 𝛽 𝜆𝑥 + 𝛾
𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐 4 = + 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝜆, 𝛾 ∈ ℝ
𝑥 + 1 𝑥 2 − √2𝑥 + 1 𝑥 2 − √2𝑥 + 1
𝑂𝑛 𝑎 𝑑𝑎𝑛𝑠 𝑡𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑠 𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝛽=𝛾=0
𝑥2 𝛼𝑥 𝜆𝑥
𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐 = +
𝑥 4 + 1 𝑥 2 − √2𝑥 + 1 𝑥 2 + √2𝑥 + 1

𝑥2 (𝛼 + 𝜆)𝑥 3 + (𝛼 − 𝜆)√2𝑥 2 + (𝛼 + 𝜆)𝑥 (𝛼 + 𝜆) = 0

= ⟹ {
𝑥4 + 1 𝑥4 + 1 (𝛼 + 𝜆)√2 = 1
1
𝛼=
𝛼 = −𝜆 2√2
{ ⟹
(𝛼 − 𝜆)√2 = 1 1
𝜆=−
{ 2√2

′
𝑥2 1 𝑥 𝑥
𝑑 𝑜𝑢 4 = ( − )
𝑥 +1 2√2 𝑥 2 − √2𝑥 + 1 𝑥 2 + √2𝑥 + 1
⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐵

KABIR OUCHI ETUDIANT À EST AGADIR 7

 𝑃𝐴𝑅𝑇𝐼𝐸 𝐼𝐼𝐼
2 1
𝑄16). lim ( − ) 𝑣𝑎𝑢𝑡
𝑥→0 𝑆𝑖𝑛2 (𝑥 ) 1 − 𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑥 )
2 1 2 1
𝑂𝑛 𝑎 lim ( − ) = lim ( − )
𝑥→0 𝑆𝑖𝑛2 (𝑥) 1 − 𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑥) 𝑥→0 1 − 𝐶𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑥) 1 − 𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑥)
2 1 + 𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑥) 1 − 𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑥)
= lim ( − ) = lim
𝑥→0 1 − 𝐶𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑥) 1 − 𝐶𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑥) 𝑥→0 1 − 𝐶𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑥)

1 − 𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑥) 1 1
= lim = lim =
𝑥→0 (1 − 𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑥))(1 + 𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑥)) 𝑥→0 1 + 𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑥) 2

⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐵
1 𝑥
𝑄17). lim (1 + ) 𝑣𝑎𝑢𝑡
𝑥→+∞ 𝑥
𝑂𝑛 𝑠𝑎𝑖𝑡 𝑞𝑢𝑒 ∀𝑥 ∈ ℝ+∗ 𝑒 ln(𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑒𝑡 ln(𝑥 𝑟 ) = 𝑟𝑙𝑛(|𝑥|) ∀𝑟 ∈ ℚ
1 𝑥 1
𝑥𝑙𝑛(1+ )
𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐 lim (1 + ) = lim 𝑒 𝑥
𝑥→+∞ 𝑥 𝑥→+∞

1
𝑂𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑡 = ⟹ ( 𝑥 → +∞ ⟺ 𝑡 → 0+ )
𝑥
1 𝑥 𝑙𝑛(1+𝑡)
𝑙𝑖𝑚 (1 + ) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑒 𝑡 = 𝑒 ⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐷
𝑥→+∞ 𝑥 𝑥→0

1
𝑄18). 𝑆𝑜𝑖𝑡 𝑓 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑é𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( )
𝑥
𝑠𝑖 𝑥 ≠ 0 0 𝑒𝑡 𝑓(0) = 0. 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠
1 1
𝑂𝑛 𝑠𝑎𝑖𝑡 𝑞𝑢𝑒 ∀𝑥 ∈ ℝ |𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝑥)| < 1 ⟹ |𝑆𝑖𝑛 ( )| < 1 ⟹ |𝑆𝑖𝑛 ( )| < 1
𝑥 𝑥
1 1
⟹ |𝑥𝑆𝑖𝑛 ( )| < |𝑥| 𝑝𝑢𝑖𝑠 lim|𝑥| = 0 𝐴𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠 lim 𝑥𝑆𝑖𝑛 ( ) = 0 = 𝑓(0)
𝑥 𝑥→0 𝑥→0 𝑥
𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑒

KABIR OUCHI ETUDIANT À EST AGADIR 8

 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑓(0) 1
𝑒𝑡 lim = lim 𝑆𝑖𝑛 ( ) 𝑛′ 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝑛′ 𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑎𝑠 𝑑é𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒
𝑥→0 𝑥−0 𝑥→0 𝑥
𝑂𝑛 𝑎 𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑡 𝑛𝑜𝑛 𝑑é𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑒𝑛 0 ⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐴
𝑄19). 𝑆𝑜𝑖𝑡 𝑓(𝑥 ) = ln(1 + 𝑥 ) (𝑥 > −1).
𝐿𝑎 𝑑é𝑟𝑖𝑣é𝑒 𝑛𝑖è𝑚𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑓 𝑎𝑢 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑥 𝑒𝑠𝑡 é𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑒 à
1 −1 2
𝑂𝑛 𝑎 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = ⟹ 𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) = ⟹ 𝑓 (3) (𝑥) =
1+𝑥 (1 + 𝑥)2 (1 + 𝑥)3
−2 × 3
⟹ 𝑓 (4) (𝑥) =
(1 + 𝑥)4

(𝑛)
(−1)𝑛+1 . (𝑛 − 1)!
𝑃𝑎𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠é𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒 ⟹ 𝑓 (𝑥) = ⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐶
(1 + 𝑥)𝑛
𝑄20). 𝑆𝑜𝑖𝑡 𝑃 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑦𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑟é𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒 𝑑é𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟
𝑛
𝑃(𝑥 ) = 𝑓(𝑥 ) = ∑ 𝑎𝑘 𝑥 𝑘 (∀𝑥 ∈ ℝ). 𝐴𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑎𝑘 𝑒𝑠𝑡 é𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑒 à
𝑘=0
𝑛 𝑛
𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = ∑ 𝑎𝑘 𝑘𝑥 𝑘−1 ⟹ 𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) = ∑ 𝑎𝑘 𝑘 (𝑘 − 1) 𝑥 𝑘−2
𝑘=1 𝑘=2
𝑛
(𝑘′) (𝑥)
𝑝𝑎𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠é𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓 =∑ 𝑎𝑘 𝑘(𝑘 − 1)(𝑘 − 2) … (𝑘 − 𝑘 ′ + 1)𝑥 𝑘−𝑘′
𝑘=𝑘′
𝑛
⟹ 𝑓 (𝑘′) (𝑥) = 𝑎𝑘 𝑘! + ∑ 𝑎𝑘 𝑘(𝑘 − 1)(𝑘 − 2) … (𝑘 − 𝑘 ′ + 1)𝑥 𝑘−𝑘′
𝑘=𝑘 ′ +1

𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑥 = 0 𝑘 = 𝑘 ′ ⟹ 𝑓 (𝑘) (0) = 𝑎𝑘 𝑘!

𝑓 (𝑘) (0)
𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑘 = ⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐵
𝑘!
𝑄21). 𝑆𝑜𝑖𝑡 𝑓 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 à 𝑑𝑒𝑢𝑥 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑑é𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟 ∶
𝑥 5𝑦3
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 6 𝐿𝑎 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑓 𝑒𝑛 (0,0)
𝑥 + 𝑦4
𝑥 5𝑦3
𝑂𝑛 𝑎 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
(𝑥,𝑦)→(0,0) (𝑥,𝑦)→(0,0) 𝑥 6 + 𝑦 4

𝑜𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑥 = 𝑟𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑒𝑡 𝑦 = 𝑟𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (0,0) ⟹ 𝑟 → 0

KABIR OUCHI ETUDIANT À EST AGADIR 9

 𝑟 8 𝑆𝑖𝑛5 𝜃 𝐶𝑜𝑠 3 𝜃 𝑟 4 𝑆𝑖𝑛5 𝜃 𝐶𝑜𝑠 3 𝜃
𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = lim 4 2 6 = lim 2 6
(𝑥,𝑦)→(0,0) 𝑟→0 𝑟 (𝑟 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝜃 + 𝐶𝑜𝑠 4 𝜃) 𝑟→0 (𝑟 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝜃 + 𝐶𝑜𝑠 4 𝜃)

𝐷′ 𝑜𝑢 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 0 ⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐵

(𝑥,𝑦)→(0,0)

𝑄22). 𝑆𝑜𝑖𝑡 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓 𝑑é𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟 ∶

(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑆𝑖𝑛(1⁄√𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) 𝑠𝑖 (𝑥, 𝑦) ≠ (0,0)
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = {
0 𝑠𝑖 (𝑥, 𝑦) ≠ (0,0)
𝜕𝑓
(0,0)
𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑓 𝑓(𝑥, 0) − 𝑓(0,0)
𝑂𝑛 𝑎 (0,0) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑥𝑆𝑖𝑛(1⁄|𝑥|)
𝜕𝑥 𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥→0

𝑝𝑢𝑖𝑠 |𝑆𝑖𝑛(1⁄𝑥)| ≤ 1 ⟹ |𝑥𝑆𝑖𝑛(1⁄|𝑥|)| ≤ |𝑥| 𝑒𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑚|𝑥| = 0

𝑥→0

𝜕𝑓
𝐴𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠 (0,0) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑥𝑆𝑖𝑛(1⁄|𝑥|) = 0 ⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐵
𝜕𝑥 𝑥→0

𝑄23). 𝑆𝑜𝑖𝑡 𝑓 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑é𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟 ∶

(∀𝑥 ∈ ℝ), 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + 2𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛(√1 − 𝑥 2 − 𝑥)

𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑡𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑥 ∈ ℝ𝑓(𝑥) 𝑒𝑠𝑡 é𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑒 à
𝜋 𝜋
𝑂𝑛 𝑎 𝑓(0) = 2𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛(1) = 𝑒𝑡 𝑓(1) = −𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛(1) = −
2 4

𝐴𝑢𝑐𝑢𝑛𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝑣é𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑟 ç𝑎

𝑃𝐴𝑅𝑇𝐼𝐸 𝐼𝑉
𝑄24)𝑆𝑜𝑖𝑡 (𝑢𝑛 ) 𝑛ℕ 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚é𝑟𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑒 𝑔é𝑛é𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑠𝑡
1 + 3 + 9+ . . . +3𝑛
𝑢𝑛 = 𝐴𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠 lim 𝑢𝑛 𝑢𝑛 𝑒𝑠𝑡 é𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑒 à
3𝑛+1 𝑛→+∞

1 3 9 3𝑛
𝑂𝑛 𝑎 𝑢𝑛 = 𝑛+1 + 𝑛+1 + 𝑛+1 + . . . + 𝑛+1
3 3 3 3
1 1 2 1 3 1 𝑛+1
⟹ 𝑢𝑛 = + ( ) + ( ) + . . . + ( )
3 3 3 3

KABIR OUCHI ETUDIANT À EST AGADIR 10

 1
𝑢𝑛 𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑢𝑛 𝑠𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑒 𝑑 ′ 𝑢𝑛 𝑠𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝐺𝑖𝑜𝑚é𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑞=
3
1 𝑛+2
1 1 − (3 )
𝑛+2
1 1
𝐷′ 𝑜𝑢 𝑢𝑛 = = (1 − ( ) )
3 1 2 3
1−
3
𝑛+2
1 1 1
lim 𝑢𝑛 = lim (1 − ( ) ) = ⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐶
𝑛→+∞ 𝑛→+∞ 2 3 2

𝑄25). 𝑆𝑜𝑖𝑡 (𝑢𝑛 ) 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚é𝑟𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑒 𝑔é𝑛é𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑠𝑡

2
𝑢𝑛 = 𝑛 (𝑒 𝑛 − 1) 𝐴𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠 lim 𝑢𝑛 𝑢𝑛 𝑒𝑠𝑡 é𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑒 à
𝑛→+∞
2
2 (𝑒 𝑛 − 1)
𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑢𝑛 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑛 (𝑒 𝑛 − 1) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ×2= 2 ⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐶
𝑛→+∞ 𝑛→+∞ 𝑛→+∞ 2
𝑛
(−1)𝑛−𝑘 𝑛
𝑄26). 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑠é𝑟𝑖𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚é𝑟𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑒 ∑ 𝑛−𝑘
𝑒𝑠𝑡
𝑘=0 𝑘! 2

−1 𝑛−𝑘 −1 𝑛 −1 −𝑘
(−1)𝑛−𝑘
𝑛 𝑛 (2) 𝑛 ( 2 ) ×( 2 )
𝑂𝑛 𝑎 ∑ 𝑛−𝑘
= ∑ =∑
𝑘=0 𝑘! 2 𝑘=0 𝑘! 𝑘=0 𝑘!
−1 𝑛 (−2)𝑘
𝑛 −1 𝑛 𝑛 (−2)𝑘
=∑ ( ) × =( ) ∑
𝑘=0 2 𝑘! 2 𝑘=0 𝑘!

𝑥
𝑛 (𝑥)𝑘
𝑂𝑛 𝑠𝑎𝑖𝑡 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒 = ∑
𝑘=0 𝑘!
𝑛 (−1)𝑛−𝑘 −1 𝑛
𝐷𝑜𝑛𝑐 ∑ 𝑛−𝑘
= ( ) × 𝑒 −2 = 0 (𝑛 → +∞)
𝑘=0 𝑘! 2 2
𝐴𝑢𝑐𝑢𝑛𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝑣é𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑟 ç𝑎

KABIR OUCHI ETUDIANT À EST AGADIR 11

 𝑛+1
𝑄27). 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑠é𝑟𝑖𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚é𝑟𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑒 ∑𝑛≥2(−1)𝑛 𝑙𝑛 ( ):
𝑛−1
𝑛+1 𝑝 𝑛+1
∑(−1)𝑛 𝑙𝑛 ( ) = lim ∑ (−1)𝑛 ln ( )
𝑛−1 𝑝→+∞ 𝑛=2 𝑛−1
𝑛≥2
𝑝
∑ (−1)𝑛 [𝑙𝑛(𝑛 + 1) − 𝑙 𝑛(𝑛 − 1)] = [𝑙𝑛(3) − 𝑙 𝑛(1)] − [𝑙𝑛(4) − 𝑙 𝑛(2)]
𝑛=2

+[𝑙𝑛(5) − 𝑙 𝑛(3)] − [𝑙𝑛(6) − 𝑙 𝑛(4)]+ . . +(−1)𝑝−3 [𝑙𝑛(𝑝 − 2) − 𝑙 𝑛(𝑝 − 4)]

+(−1)𝑝−2 [𝑙𝑛(𝑝 − 1) − 𝑙 𝑛(𝑝 − 3)] + (−1)𝑝−1 [𝑙𝑛(𝑝) − 𝑙 𝑛(𝑝 − 2)]

+(−1)𝑝 [𝑙𝑛(𝑝 + 1) − 𝑙 𝑛(𝑝 − 1)]

𝑝 𝑛+1
∑ (−1)𝑛 ln ( ) = 𝑙𝑛(2) + (−1)𝑝−2 𝑙𝑛(𝑝 − 1) + (−1)𝑝−1 𝑙𝑛(𝑝)
𝑛=2 𝑛−1
𝑝−1
= 𝑙𝑛(2) + (−1)𝑝 𝑙𝑛 ( )
𝑝
𝑝−1 𝑝−1
𝑝𝑢𝑖𝑠 |(−1)𝑝 | ≤ 1 ⟹ |(−1)𝑝 𝑙𝑛 ( ) | ≤ |𝑙𝑛 ( )|
𝑝 𝑝
𝑝−1 𝑝−1
𝑒𝑡 𝑂𝑛 𝑎 lim |𝑙𝑛 ( )| =0 ⟹ lim (−1)𝑝 𝑙𝑛 ( )=0
𝑝→+∞ 𝑝 𝑝→+∞ 𝑝
𝑛+1
𝐴𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠 ∑(−1)𝑛 𝑙𝑛 ( ) = ln(2) ⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐷
𝑛−1
𝑛≥2

𝑄28) 𝐿𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑠é𝑟𝑖𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖è𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑒 𝑔é𝑛é𝑟𝑎𝑙 ∶

𝑥𝑛
𝑢𝑛 (𝑥 ) = 𝑛
𝑛2
+∞ 𝑥𝑛
𝑂𝑛 𝑎 𝑑é𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑛(1 + 𝑥) = ∑ (−1)𝑛+1
𝑛=1 𝑛
𝑥 𝑛 𝑥 𝑛
+∞ (2) +∞
+∞ (− 2) 𝑥
∑ 𝑢𝑛 (𝑥) = ∑ = − ∑ (−1)𝑛+1 × = − 𝑙𝑛 (1 − )
𝑛=1 𝑛=1 𝑛 𝑛=1 𝑛 2

KABIR OUCHI ETUDIANT À EST AGADIR 12

 𝐴𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠 ⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐴
𝑄29). 𝐿𝑒 𝑑é𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑒𝑛 𝑠é𝑟𝑖𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖è𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
1
𝑑é𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑡𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑥 ∈ ] − 1,1[
(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2)
1 1
𝑂𝑛 𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑓 𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑓(𝑥 ) = −
1−𝑥 2−𝑥
1 +∞
𝑂𝑛 𝑎 𝑑é𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒 = ∑ 𝑢𝑘
1−𝑢 𝑘=0

1 +∞ 𝑥 𝑘
+∞ +∞ 1
𝐷𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝑓(𝑥 ) = ∑ 𝑥 − ∑ ( ) = ∑ (1 + 𝑛+1 ) 𝑥𝑘
𝑘
𝑘=0 2 𝑘=0 2 𝑘=0 2

𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐 ⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐵

𝑄30). 𝐿𝑒 𝑑é𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑒𝑛 𝑠é𝑟𝑖𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖è𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝑑é𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑙𝑛(𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6)

2𝑥 − 5 1 1 1 1 1 1
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = = − ( + ) = − ( + )
𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6 2−𝑥 3−𝑥 2 (1 − 𝑥 ) 3 (1 − 𝑥 )
2 3
1 +∞ 𝑥 𝑛 1 +∞ 𝑥 𝑛 +∞ 1 1
⟹ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = − ∑ ( ) − ∑ ( ) = −∑ ( 𝑛+1 + 𝑛+1 ) 𝑥 𝑛
2 𝑛=0 2 3 𝑛=0 3 𝑛=0 2 3

+∞ 1 1 1
𝑓(𝑥 ) = − ∑𝑛=1 ( 𝑛+1 + ) 𝑥 𝑛+1 + 𝐶 𝑂𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑛′ = 𝑛 + 1
𝑛+1 2 3𝑛+1

𝑓(0) = 𝑙𝑛(6) = 𝐶
′
+∞ 1 1 𝑥𝑛
⟹ 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑙 𝑛(6) − ∑ ( 𝑛′ + 𝑛′ ) ′ ⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐷
𝑛′ =0 2 3 𝑛

KABIR OUCHI ETUDIANT À EST AGADIR 13

KABIR OUCHI ETUDIANT À EST AGADIR 14