Grupo 5 – Ev14 ALGEBRA LINEAL

Integrantes:
1. Rojas Mamani, Aldair Danthe
2. Alonso Viena, Mario Sebastian
3. Reyes Albornoz, Miguel Angel
4. Aquino Rafael, Akihito Dustin
5. Seclen Carrasco, Johnny Miguel

𝑥 2 − 8𝑦 2 + 12𝑧 2 + 𝑥𝑦 − 4𝑥𝑧 + 10𝑦𝑧

𝑥 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
𝑋 = [𝑦 ] 𝑋 = [𝑥
𝑡 𝑦 𝑧] 𝐴 = [𝑏 𝑑 𝑒]
𝑧 𝑐 𝑒 𝑓
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑥 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐𝑧
𝑋 𝑡 . 𝐴. 𝑋 = [𝑥 𝑦 𝑧] [𝑏 𝑑 𝑒 ] [𝑦] = [𝑥 𝑦 𝑧] [𝑏𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑒𝑧 ]
𝑐 𝑒 𝑓 𝑧 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑒𝑦 + 𝑓𝑧

= 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥𝑦 + 𝑐𝑥𝑧 + 𝑏𝑥𝑦 + 𝑑𝑦 2 + 𝑒𝑦𝑧 + 𝑐𝑥𝑧 + 𝑒𝑦𝑧 + 𝑓𝑧 2

= 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑑𝑦 2 + 𝑓𝑧 2 + 2𝑏𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑒𝑦𝑧 + 2𝑐𝑥𝑧

1
𝑎 = 1, 𝑏= , 𝑐 = −2, 𝑑 = −8, 𝑒 = 5, 𝑓 = 12
2
1
1 −2 𝑥
2
𝑋 𝑡 . 𝐴. 𝑋 = [𝑥 𝑦 𝑧] 1 [𝑦 ]
−8 5 𝑧
2
[−2 5 12 ]

 𝑓 (𝑋 + 𝑋 ′ , 𝑌) = (𝑋 + 𝑋 ′ )𝑡 𝐴𝑌

= 𝑋 𝑡 𝐴𝑌 + (𝑋 ′ )𝑡 𝐴𝑌
= 𝑓(𝑋, 𝑌) + 𝑓(𝑋 ′ , 𝑌)

 𝑓 (𝑋, 𝑌 + 𝑌 ′ ) = 𝑋 𝑡 𝐴(𝑌 + 𝑌 ′ )

= 𝑋 𝑡 𝐴𝑌 + 𝑋 𝑡 𝐴𝑌 ′
= 𝑓 (𝑋, 𝑌) + 𝑓(𝑋, 𝑌 ′ )

 𝑓 (𝑎𝑋, 𝑌) = (𝑎𝑋)𝑡 𝐴𝑌
 = 𝑎(𝑋 𝑡 )𝐴𝑌
= 𝑎𝑓(𝑋, 𝑌)

 𝑓 (𝑋, 𝑎𝑌) = 𝑋 𝑡 𝐴(𝑎𝑌)

= 𝑎𝑋 𝑡 𝐴𝑌
= 𝑎𝑓(𝑋, 𝑌)

𝑓((𝑥1 , 𝑥2 ), (𝑦1 , 𝑦2 )) = 2𝑥2 𝑦1 − 3𝑥1 𝑦2 + 𝑥2 𝑦2

𝑎. 𝑉1 = (1,0), 𝑉2 = (1,1)

𝑓(𝑣1 , 𝑣1 ) = 2(1)(1) − 3(1)(0) + (0)(0) = 2

𝑓(𝑣1 , 𝑣1 ) 𝑓(𝑣1 , 𝑣2 ) 𝑓 (𝑣1 , 𝑣2 ) = 2(1)(1) − 3(1)(1) + (0)(1) = −1
𝑀𝐴 = [ ]⟶
𝑓 (𝑣2 , 𝑣1 ) 𝑓 (𝑣2 , 𝑣2 ) 𝑓 (𝑣2 , 𝑣1 ) = 2(1)(1) − 3(1)(0) + (0)(1) = 2
𝑓(𝑣2 , 𝑣2 ) = 2(1)(1) − 3(1)(1) + (1)(1) = 0

2 −1
𝐴=[ ]
2 0

𝑏. 𝑉1 = (2,1), 𝑉2 = (1, −1)

𝑓 (𝑣1 , 𝑣1 ) = 2(2)(2) − 3(2)(1) + (1)(1) = 3

𝑓(𝑣1 , 𝑣1 ) 𝑓(𝑣1 , 𝑣2 ) 𝑓(𝑣1 , 𝑣2 ) = 2(2)(1) − 3(2)(−1) + (1)(−1) = 9
𝑀𝐵 = [ ]⟶
𝑓 (𝑣2 , 𝑣1 ) 𝑓 (𝑣2 , 𝑣2 ) 𝑓(𝑣2 , 𝑣1 ) = 2(1)(2) − 3(1)(1) + (1)(−1) = 0
𝑓(𝑣2 , 𝑣2 ) = 2(1)(1) − 3(1)(−1) + (−1)(−1) = 6

3 9
𝐵=[ ]
0 6

𝑐.
∗ (2,1) = 𝑎(1,0) + 𝑏(1,1) = (𝑎 + 𝑏, 𝑏)
𝑎 + 𝑏 = 2, 𝑏=1 ⟶ 𝑎=1
∗ (1, −1) = 𝑐 (1,0) + 𝑑(1,1) = (𝑐 + 𝑑, 𝑑)
𝑐 + 𝑑 = 1, 𝑑 = −1 ⟶ 𝑐 = 2

𝑎 𝑐 1 2
𝑃=[ ]=[ ]
𝑏 𝑑 1 −1
 1 2
𝑎. 𝑓(𝐴, 𝐵) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧 (𝐴𝑡 𝑀𝐵) → 𝑀 = [ ]
3 5
𝑡
∗ 𝑓(𝐴 + 𝐵′ , 𝐵) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧((𝐴 + 𝐴′ )𝑡 𝑀𝐵) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧(𝐴𝑡 𝑀𝐵 + (𝐴′ )𝑡 𝑀𝐵) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧(𝐴𝑡 𝑀𝐵) + 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧(𝐴′ 𝑀𝐵)
𝑓(𝐴 + 𝐴′ , 𝐵) = 𝑓(𝐴, 𝐵) + 𝑓(𝐴′ , 𝐵)
∗ 𝑓(𝐴 + 𝐵, 𝐵′ ) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧(𝐴𝑡 𝑀(𝐵 + 𝐵′ )) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧(𝐴𝑡 𝑀𝐵 + 𝐴𝑡 𝑀𝐵′ ) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧(𝐴𝑡 𝑀𝐵) + 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧(𝐴𝑡 𝑀𝐵′ )
𝑓(𝐴, 𝐵 + 𝐵′ ) = 𝑓(𝐴, 𝐵) + 𝑓(𝐴, 𝐵′ )

1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
𝑏. [ ],[ ],[ ],[ ]
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
𝑀1 𝑀2 𝑀3 𝑀4

𝑓 (𝑀1 , 𝑀1 ) 𝑓(𝑀1 , 𝑀2 ) 𝑓 (𝑀1 , 𝑀3 ) 𝑓(𝑀1 , 𝑀4 )

𝑓(𝑀2 , 𝑀1 ) 𝑓 (𝑀2 , 𝑀2 ) 𝑓(𝑀2 , 𝑀3 ) 𝑓 (𝑀2 , 𝑀4 )
𝑀𝑓 =
𝑓(𝑀3 , 𝑀1 ) 𝑓 (𝑀3 , 𝑀2 ) 𝑓(𝑀3 , 𝑀3 ) 𝑓 (𝑀3 , 𝑀4 )
[𝑓(𝑀4 , 𝑀1 ) 𝑓 (𝑀4 , 𝑀2 ) 𝑓(𝑀4 , 𝑀3 ) 𝑓 (𝑀4 , 𝑀4 )]

1 0𝑡 1 2 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
𝑓 (𝑀1 , 𝑀1 ) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧 ([ ] [ ][ ]) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧 ([ ][ ]) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧 [ ]=1
0 0 3 5 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0
1 0𝑡 1 2 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1
𝑓(𝑀1 , 𝑀2 ) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧 ([ ] [ ][ ]) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧 ([ ][ ]) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧 [ ]=0
0 0 3 5 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0
1 0𝑡 1 2 0 0 1 0 2 0 2 0
𝑓(𝑀1 , 𝑀3 ) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧 ([ ] [ ][ ]) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧 ([ ][ ]) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧 [ ]=2
0 0 3 5 1 0 0 0 5 0 0 0
1 0𝑡 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 2
𝑓(𝑀1 , 𝑀4 ) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧 ([ ] [ ][ ]) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧 ([ ][ ]) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧 [ ]=0
0 0 3 5 0 1 0 0 0 5 0 0
0 1𝑡 1 2 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
𝑓(𝑀2 , 𝑀1 ) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧 ([ ] [ ][ ]) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧 ([ ][ ]) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧 [ ]=0
0 0 3 5 0 0 1 0 3 0 1 0
0 1𝑡 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
𝑓 (𝑀2 , 𝑀2 ) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧 ([ ] [ ][ ]) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧 ([ ][ ]) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧 [ ]=1
0 0 3 5 0 0 1 0 0 3 0 1
0 1𝑡 1 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0
𝑓 (𝑀2 , 𝑀3 ) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧 ([ ] [ ][ ]) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧 ([ ][ ]) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧 [ ]=0
0 0 3 5 1 0 1 0 5 0 2 0
0 1𝑡 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0
𝑓 (𝑀2 , 𝑀4 ) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧 ([ ] [ ][ ]) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧 ([ ][ ]) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧 [ ]=2
0 0 3 5 0 1 1 0 0 5 0 2
0 0𝑡 1 2 1 0 0 1 1 0 3 0
𝑓(𝑀3 , 𝑀1 ) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧 ([ ] [ ][ ]) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧 ([ ][ ]) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧 [ ]=3
1 0 3 5 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0
0 0𝑡 1 2 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 3
𝑓 (𝑀3 , 𝑀2 ) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧 ([ ] [ ][ ]) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧 ([ ][ ]) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧 [ ]=0
1 0 3 5 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0
0 0𝑡 1 2 0 0 0 1 2 0
𝑓 (𝑀3 , 𝑀3 ) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧 ([ ] [ ][ ]) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧 ([ ][ ]) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧 [5 0]
=5
1 0 3 5 1 0 0 0 5 0 0 0
0 0𝑡 1 2 0 0 0 1 0 2
𝑓 (𝑀3 , 𝑀4 ) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧 ([ ] [ ][ ]) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧 ([ ][ ]) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧 [0 5]
=0
1 0 3 5 0 1 0 0 0 5 0 0
0 0𝑡 1 2 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
𝑓(𝑀4 , 𝑀1 ) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧 ([ ] [ ][ ]) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧 ([ ][ ]) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧 [ ]=0
0 1 3 5 0 0 0 1 3 0 3 0
0 0𝑡 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
𝑓 (𝑀4 , 𝑀2 ) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧 ([ ] [ ][ ]) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧 ([ ][ ]) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧 [ ]=3
0 1 3 5 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 3
 0 0𝑡 1 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0
𝑓 (𝑀4 , 𝑀3 ) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧 ([ ] [ ][ ]) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧 ([ ][ ]) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧 [ ]=0
0 1 3 5 1 0 0 1 5 0 5 0
0 0𝑡 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0
𝑓 (𝑀4 , 𝑀4 ) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧 ([ ] [ ][ ]) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧 ([ ][ ]) = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧 [ ]=5
0 1 3 5 0 1 0 1 0 5 0 5

1 0 2 0
0 1 0 2
𝑀𝑓 = [ ]
3 0 5 0
0 3 0 5

𝑎. 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑟𝑒 𝑦 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑗𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒:
3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 3𝑦 = 4

𝑆𝑒𝑎 𝐹(𝑥,𝑦) = 𝑎′(𝑥 ′ )2 + 𝑐 ′ (𝑦 ′ )2

𝑎′ 𝑦 𝑐 ′ 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝐴
𝐷𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒:
3 −1
𝐴=( )
−1 3

𝐼. 𝐻𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝐴

det(𝐴 − 𝐼𝜆) = 0
3 −1 −𝜆 0
| || |=0
−1 3 0 −𝜆

(3 − ℎ )2 − 1 = 0
ℎ 2 − 6ℎ + 8 = 0
(𝜆 − 2)(𝜆 − 4)

𝜆1 = 2 𝑦 𝜆2 = 4

2 0
𝐷𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝐷 = ( )
0 4

𝐼𝐼. 𝐻𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝜆1 = 2

(𝐴 − 2𝐼)𝑉 = 0

1 −1 𝑥 0 𝑥−𝑦=0 𝑥 1
( ) (𝑦) = ( ) ⇒ { ⟹ (𝑦 ) = 𝑥 ( )
−1 1 0 −𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0 1

𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑜: 𝑉1 𝑜𝑟𝑡 = √2
1
(√2 )

𝐼𝐼𝐼. 𝐻𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝜆2 = 4

−1 −1 𝑥 0 𝑥 = −𝑦
( )( ) = ( ) ⟹ { 𝑦 = 𝑦
−1 −1 𝑦 0
 𝑥 1 1
(𝑦) = −𝑥 ( ) ⟹ 𝑉2 = ( )
−1 −1
1

𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑜: 𝑉2 𝑜𝑟𝑡 = √2
1
−
( √2)

𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠:
𝑄 = 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑧 𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎 𝐴
1 1

𝑄 = √2 √2 ⟹ det 𝑄 = −1
1 1
−
[√2 √2]

𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑖𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑜𝑠:

1 1

𝑄= √2 √2 ⟹ det 𝑄 = 1
1 1
−
[ √2 √2]

𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜:
𝐹̅ = (𝑥̅ , 𝑦̅) = 2(𝑥 ′ )2 + 4(𝑦 ′ )2 = 4 (𝛼 )

𝐷𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒:
1 1
′
𝑥 − 𝑦
𝑥 𝑥
( ′ ) = 𝑄𝑡 (𝑦) = √2 √2
𝑦 1 1
𝑥 𝑦
[√2 √2 ]

𝐷𝑒 (𝛼 )
(𝑥 ′ )2 (𝑦 ′ )2
+ =1
2 1
𝑅𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑝𝑠𝑒.

𝐴𝑑𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑠: 𝐿𝑜𝑠 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑗𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑛: (1,1) 𝑦 (1, −1)