𝑏⃗ = (5, −2,4) ‖𝑎‖ = 9√5

𝑎 𝑏⃗

𝑎 = (−2,3, 𝑦) 𝑏⃗ = (𝑥, −6,2)

𝑎 = 𝑥𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ 𝑏⃗ = 2𝑥𝑖̂ + 𝑥𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂

𝑎 = (2, −3, −1)

𝑃(1, −1,2)

‖𝑎 − 𝑏⃗‖ ‖𝑎‖ = 13 ‖𝑏⃗‖ = 19 ‖𝑎 + 𝑏‖ = 24

𝑎 𝑏⃗ ‖𝑎‖ = 5 ‖𝑏⃗‖ = 8
‖𝑎 + 𝑏⃗‖ ‖𝑎 − 𝑏⃗‖

𝑎 𝑏⃗ 𝑎
𝑏⃗ 𝑎 − 𝑏⃗ 𝑎

𝑎 + 𝑏⃗ 𝑎 − 𝑏⃗ ‖𝑎‖ = ‖𝑏⃗‖

𝑎 = (𝑎 ∙ 𝑖̂)𝑖̂ + (𝑎 ∙ 𝑗̂)𝑗̂ + (𝑎 ∙ 𝑘̂ )𝑘̂

𝑐 𝑖̂, 𝑗̂, 𝑘̂ 𝑎 = 16𝑖̂ − 15𝑗̂ + 12𝑘̂

𝑑 𝑐
‖𝑑‖ = 75

𝑎 𝑏⃗ 𝑐 𝑎 + 𝑏⃗ + 𝑐 = 0
⃗

𝑎 ∙ 𝑏⃗ + 𝑏⃗ ∙ 𝑐 + 𝑎 ∙ 𝑐
 𝑎 𝑏⃗ 𝑐
‖𝑎‖ = 4 ‖𝑏⃗‖ = 2 ‖𝑐‖ = 6

𝑝 = 𝑎 + 𝑏⃗ + 𝑐

𝑥 = 𝑥1 𝑖̂ + 𝑥2 𝑗̂ + 𝑥3 𝑘̂
𝑎 = (2,3, −1) 𝑏⃗ = (1, −2,3) 𝑥∙
(2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ ) = 6

𝑎 = −2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ 𝑏⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 5𝑗̂ 𝑐 = 4𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂

⃗)
(3𝑎⃗−2𝑏
𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑦𝑐

𝑎 = 4𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ 𝑏⃗ = −2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂

𝑎 𝑏⃗

𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑦𝑏⃗ 𝛼𝑎 = 𝛼𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑦𝑏⃗ 𝑎 , ∀ 𝛼 ∈ ℝ

𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑦𝑏⃗ 𝑎 + 𝑐 = 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑦𝑏⃗ 𝑎 + 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑦𝑏⃗ 𝑐

‖𝑎‖ = 3 ‖𝑏⃗‖ = 4

‖(𝑎 + 𝑏⃗)𝑥(𝑎 − 𝑏⃗)‖

‖(3𝑎 − 𝑏⃗)𝑥(𝑎 − 2𝑏⃗)‖

2
‖𝑎‖ = 3 ‖𝑏⃗‖ = 4 (𝑎𝑥𝑏⃗) ∙ (𝑎𝑥𝑏⃗) + (𝑎 ∙ 𝑏⃗)

𝑎 𝑏⃗ 𝑐 ℝ3 [𝑎𝑏⃗𝑐] = 𝑎 ∙ (𝑏⃗𝑥𝑐)

𝑎1 𝑎2 𝑎3
[𝑎𝑏⃗𝑐] = 𝑎 ∙ (𝑏⃗𝑥𝑐) = |𝑏1 𝑏2 𝑏3 |
𝑐1 𝑐2 𝑐3

𝑃(2,7, −1) 𝑄(4,2,3)

𝑃(19,0,0)

𝐿1 ∶ 𝑟 = (5,0, −1) + 𝑡(1,1,1) 𝐿2 ∶ 𝑠 = (−1,2,2) + 𝑢(−2,1,0)

𝑥 = 3 + 2𝑡 𝑥 =1−𝑢
𝐿1 = {𝑦 = 3 + 2𝑡 𝐿2 = {𝑦 = 6 + 2𝑢
𝑧 = 4 + 3𝑡 𝑧 = −1
 𝐴(3,1, −1, ) 𝜋: 2𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = −4

𝑥 =1+𝑡 𝑥=1 𝑥 =2+𝑡

(1,2,3) 𝐿1 = { 𝑦 = −2𝑡 (0,0,0) 𝐿2 = { 𝑦 = 𝑡 (1,2,3) 𝐿3 = {𝑦 = −1 + 𝑡
𝑧 = 2 + 3𝑡 𝑧=0 𝑧=0

𝜋1 : 𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 10 𝜋2 : 𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 6

𝐴(3,4,1)

𝜋1 : 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 4 𝜋2 : 𝑥 + 𝑧 = 6

𝜋1 : 𝑥 + 𝑧 = 1 𝜋1 : 𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 1 𝜋1 : 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 1

𝜋2 : 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 1 𝜋2 : − 3𝑥 + 6𝑦 + 7𝑧 = 0 𝜋2 : − 3𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 10

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
‖𝑃 0 𝑢 𝑥 𝑑‖
𝑑𝑃0 ,𝐿 =
‖𝑑‖

𝑑 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) ∈ 𝐿
3
𝑃0 (𝑥0 , 𝑦0 , 𝑧0 ) ∈ ℝ