1.

) Different Evidences of Evolution

 Homologous structures provide 3.) Aneuploidy vs Polyploidy

evidence for common ancestry,
 Aneuploidy is a chromosomal
while analogous structures show
mutation in which there is one or
that similar selective pressures can
more extra chromosomes, or one or
produce similar adaptations
more fewer chromosomes.
(beneficial features).
 Polyploidy is a chromosomal
 Similarities and difference among
mutation in which a cell has entire
biological molecules (e.g., in the
extra sets of chromosomes.
DNA sequence of genes) cam be
used to determine species’
relatedness.
 Biogeographical patterns provide
clues about how species are related
to each other.
 The fossil record, though
incomplete, provides information
about what species existed at
particular times of the Earth’s
history.
 Some populations, like those of
microbes and some insects, evolve
over relatively short time periods
and can observed directly.
2.) Natural Selection

 The process whereby organisms

better adapted to their environment
tend to survive and produce more
offspring. The theory of its actions
was first fully expounded by Charles
Darwin.
 Differential survival and
reproduction of individuals due to
difference in phenotype. It is a key
mechanism of evolution, the change
in the heritable trait’s characteristic
of a population over generations.