Name: _______________________________________________

 
 
 
 

Hazardous Environment
  
Date:
 
 
 
 
Time: 60 minutes
 
Total marks available: 42 marks
 
Total marks achieved: ______
 
 
Questions
Q1.
Hazardous environments
Study Figure 3b, which is an annotated photograph of Christchurch Cathedral andpart of the CBD after the 2011
earthquake.

The local Earthquake Recovery Authority (ERA) is responsible for a 10-year,$30 billion demolition and re-
building plan for the city. It will involve constructingbuildings to new, higher standards and in safer areas in this
hazardous region.
(i) Suggest what the ERA could include in their new, higher building standardsfor the redevelopment of
Christchurch.
(4)
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(ii) Give two actions, other than setting new, higher building standards, that canbe taken to minimise the impact of a
future earthquake.
(2)
1 ........................................................................................................................................................................................
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2 ........................................................................................................................................................................................
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(iii) Outline the long-term impacts of a hazard event such as the Christchurchearthquakes.
(4)
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Q2. 
Hazardous environments

(i)  What is meant by the term natural disaster?

By natural disaster it is meant a natural hazard or natural event that causes deaths and injuries of humans and
damage of properties.
(2)
(ii)Outline two reasons why people continue to live in areas at risk from natural disasters.
(4)
1 Some people are unaware of risks and hazards of the area the they’re living in.

2 Some people do not have enough money to move away from the high risk area.

 
 (Total for question = 6 marks)
 

Q3. 
Hazardous environments

Explain how the methods of monitoring weather conditions have changed.

(6)
Meteorologists have developed special tools to observe, predict and monitor the weather. These tools measure
weather in the atmosphere above the ground and satellites orbit the Earth to send images of weather in the areas.
They also use computers which states what weather may be like in the future for example tomorrow, in one week,
and how it will change.

 
(Total for question = 6 marks)
 

Q4. 
Hazardous environments
(i)   What is meant by the term earthquake?
(2)
By the term earthquake is meant violent shaking of crust of earth.
(ii)  Outline two ways in which earthquake damage can be mitigated.
(4)
1 First way is to identify hazards, what effects an earthquake has and provide people by

education of how to be safe during earthquakes

2 Second way is to construct buildings that won’t collapse and will be safe

 
(Total for question = 6 marks)
 

Q5. 
Hazardous environments

Study Figure 3 which shows an area of Kathmandu, Nepal, before and after a hazard event which affected much of
the country.

Figure 3

(i)  Identify one short-term impact of this hazard event.

(1)
(ii)  Which one of the following is the most likely cause of this hazard event?
 (1)
    A    earthquake

    B    coastal flooding

    C    heavy rainfall

    D    volcanic eruption

answer: A

(iii)  Suggest how the scale of this event might have affected its long-term impact.
(2)
It could have destroyed the roads, big building which would block the roads, there might have been explosions
because of energy powers being destroyed. It would cause large damages that would need more than 2 years to
mitigate the situation. 
(Total for question = 4 marks)
 

Q6. 
Hazardous environments

Explain the causes of volcanoes.

(6)
Volcanoes are caused by lava eruptions and ash. When magma rises through cracks in the earth’s crust, pressure is
being built up inside the earth. When this pressure is released, magma explodes to the surface which causes a
volcanic eruption. When the erupted lava cools, it forms a new crust and over time, when the several eruptions
happen, the rock builds up and new volcano forms.

 
(Total for question = 6 marks)
 

Q7. 
Hazardous environments

Study Figure 3 which shows how weather varies across a hurricane.

Figure 3
(i)   Identify the area of lowest pressure.
(1)
EYE
(ii)  Which one of the following is the greatest hazard to people during the passage of a hurricane?
(1)
   A    high pressure
   B    high wind
   C    low visibility
   D    low rainfall
 (iii)  Identify one way in which the following features change with pressure:
(2)
visibility at first rises from 0 and stops rising in the middle of eye in the highest point but it decreases to the
lowest
visit bill
rainfall and wind speed
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(Total for question = 4 marks)