Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Cte33 PDF
Cte33 PDF
6DãD'HãLü'DUNR*YR]GDQRYLü0DULR.XãHN
'DUNR+XOMHQLü
(ULFVVRQ1LNROD7HVODGG
.UDSLQVND+5=DJUHE&URDWLD
WHOIDNVHPDLO^VDVDGHVLFGDUNRJYR]GDQRYLFGDUNRKXOMHQLF`#HWNHULFVVRQVH
'HSDUWPHQWRI7HOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQV
)DFXOW\RI(OHFWULFDO(QJLQHHULQJDQG&RPSXWLQJ
8QLYHUVLW\RI=DJUHE
8QVND+5=DJUHE&URDWLD
WHOIDNVHPDLOPDULRNXVHN#IHUKU
$EVWUDFW 80/ VWDQGV IRU 8QLILHG 0RGHOOLQJ /DQJXDJH D LQ IRXUWK VHFWLRQ ,Q WKH ILIWK VHFWLRQ H[SHULPHQWV ZLWK
JHQHUDOSXUSRVH QRWDWLRQDO ODQJXDJH IRU VSHFLI\LQJ DQG 80/ DQG LQH[SHULHQFHG GHYHORSHUV DUH GHVFULEHG )LQDO
YLVXDOLVLQJ FRPSOH[ V\VWHPV HVSHFLDOO\ IRU ODUJH REMHFW VHFWLRQVXPPDULVHVWKHUHVXOWV
RULHQWHG SURMHFWV 7KLV DUWLFOH FRQVLGHUV XVDELOLW\ RI 80/ LQ
VRIWZDUH SURMHFWV ,W LV HVSHFLDOO\ LQWHUHVWLQJ WR ORRN IRU
LPSDFW WKDW 80/ KDV RQ QHZFRPHUV LQ WKH ZRUOG RI REMHFW ,, 80/
RULHQWHG VRIWZDUH GHYHORSPHQW $Q H[SHULPHQW ZLWK WZR
JURXSV RI VWXGHQWV RQH JURXS ZDV WUDLQHG IRU 80/ ZDV 7KH XQLILHG PRGHOOLQJ ODQJXDJH 80/ LV JUDSKLFDO
PDGH *URXSV¶ JRDO ZDV WR GHYHORS VROXWLRQ IRU SDUWLFXODU ODQJXDJH IRU YLVXDOLVLQJ VSHFLI\LQJ FRQVWUXFWLQJ DQG
VRIWZDUH V\VWHP 80/¶V DGYDQWDJHV DQG GLVDGYDQWDJHV DUH GRFXPHQWLQJ VRIWZDUHLQWHQVLYH V\VWHPV 7KH 80/
DOVR FRPPHQWHG DFFRUGLQJ WR XVHU¶V OHYHO RI NQRZOHGJH SURYLGHV D VWDQGDUG ZD\ WR ZULWH D V\VWHP
V EOXHSULQWV
DSSOLFDWLRQ W\SH HJ SURWRFRO RULHQWHG RU *8, RULHQWHG FRYHULQJ FRQFHSWXDO WKLQJV FODVVHV ZULWWHQ LQ D VSHFLILF
DSSOLFDWLRQVDQGUHTXLUHPHQWVGHWDLOOHYHO SURJUDPPLQJ ODQJXDJH GDWDEDVH VFKHPDV DQG UHXVDEOH
VRIWZDUHFRPSRQHQWV80/LVVWDQGDUGQRWDWLRQ ZKLFKLV
XVHG E\ DQ\RQH LQYROYHG LQ SURGXFWLRQ GHSOR\PHQW DQG
, ,1752'8&7,21 PDLQWHQDQFHRIVRIWZDUH
7KH JRRG QHZV IRU VRIWZDUH GHYHORSHUV LV WKDW ZRUOG 80/LQFOXGHVQLQHGLDJUDPVIRUGHVFULELQJV\VWHP
GHYHORSPHQW DQG PRGHUQ VW\OH RI OLYLQJ GHSHQGV &ODVV GLDJUDP GHVFULEHV VHW RI FODVVHV LQWHUIDFHV DQG
LQFUHDVLQJO\ RQ VRIWZDUH 6RIWZDUHLQWHQVLYH V\VWHPV WKDW WKHLUUHODWLRQVKLSV,WVKRZVVWDWLFGHVLJQYLHZRIDV\VWHP
WHFKQRORJ\ PDNHV SRVVLEOH DQG VRFLHW\ GHPDQGV DUH 7KLV GLDJUDP LV YHU\ XVHIXO LQ PRGHOOLQJ REMHFWRULHQWHG
H[SDQGLQJLQVL]HFRPSOH[LW\GLVWULEXWLRQDQGLPSRUWDQFH V\VWHPV
%XWH[SDQVLRQRIWKHVHV\VWHPVSXVKHVWKHOLPLWVRIZKDW 2EMHFW GLDJUDP VKRZV VHW RI REMHFWV DQG VQDSVKRWV RI
VRIWZDUHLQGXVWU\NQRZKRZWRGHYHORS7KHILQDOUHVXOWLV LQVWDQFHVRIWKHWKLQJVIRXQGLQFODVVGLDJUDPV
WKDWEXLOGLQJDQGPDLQWDLQLQJVRIWZDUHLVKDUGDQGJHWWLQJ 8VH FDVH GLDJUDP VKRZV D VHW RI XVH FDVHV DFWRUV DQG
KDUGHU WKHLUUHODWLRQVKLSV7KLVGLDJUDPLVHVSHFLDOO\LPSRUWDQWLQ
'LIIHUHQWVRIWZDUHGHYHORSPHQWSURMHFWVIDLOLQGLIIHUHQW RUJDQLVLQJDQGPRGHOOLQJWKHEHKDYLRXURIDV\VWHP
ZD\V EXW LW LV SRVVLEOH WR H[WUDFW FRPPRQ V\PSWRPV 6HTXHQFH DQG FROODERUDWLRQ GLDJUDPV DUH LQWHUDFWLRQ
6RPH RI WKHP DUH LQDFFXUDWH XQGHUVWDQGLQJ HQGXVHU GLDJUDPV ZKLFK GHVFULEH LQWHUDFWLRQ EHWZHHQ REMHFWV
QHHGV LQDELOLW\ WR GHDO ZLWK FKDQJLQJ UHTXLUHPHQWV 7KH\VKRZWKHLUUHODWLRQVKLSVLQFOXGLQJPHVVDJHVEHWZHHQ
VRIWZDUH WKDW¶V KDUG WR PDLQWDLQ RU H[WHQG ODWH GLVFRYHU\ REMHFWV,QWHUDFWLRQGLDJUDPVH[SODLQG\QDPLFYLHZRIWKH
RI VHULRXV SURMHFW IODZV ,I V\PSWRPV DUH DQDO\VHG URRW V\VWHP$VHTXHQFHGLDJUDPHPSKDVLVHVWKHWLPHRUGHULQJ
FDXVHV FRXOG EH ILQG DG KRF UHTXLUHPHQWV PDQDJHPHQW RI PHVVDJHV $ FROODERUDWLRQ GLDJUDP HPSKDVLVHV WKH
DPELJXRXV DQG LPSUHFLVH FRPPXQLFDWLRQV RYHUZKHOPLQJ VWUXFWXUDO RUJDQLVDWLRQ RI REMHFWV LQ LQWHUDFWLRQ %RWK
FRPSOH[LW\ XQGHWHFWHG LQFRQVLVWHQFLHV LQ UHTXLUHPHQWV GLDJUDPV DUH LVRPRUSKLF ZKLFK PHDQV WKDW VHTXHQFH
GHVLJQV DQG LPSOHPHQWDWLRQV XQFRQWUROOHG FKDQJH GLDJUDP FDQ EH WUDQVIRUPHG LQWR FROODERUDWLRQ DQG YLFH
SURSDJDWLRQLQVXIILFLHQWWHVWLQJ YHUVD
6RPH RI SUREOHPV DQG WKHLU URRW FDXVHV FRXOG EH 6WDWHFKDUW GLDJUDP VKRZV D VWDWH PDFKLQH FRQVLVWLQJ RI
UHVROYHG E\ LPSOHPHQWLQJ PRUH ULJRURXV GHYHORSPHQW VWDWHV WUDQVLWLRQV HYHQWV DQG DFWLYLWLHV ,W DGGUHVVHV
SURFHVV $OVR GHSOR\PHQW RI QRWLILFDWLRQ ODQJXDJH OLNH G\QDPLFYLHZRIV\VWHP7KLVGLDJUDPLVYHU\LPSRUWDQWLQ
80/ZLOOKHOSFRPPXQLFDWLRQEHWZHHQDOOSDUWLFLSDQWVLQ PRGHOOLQJEHKDYLRXU
GHYHORSPHQW SURFHVV 7KLV LV MXVW RQH RI WKH UHDVRQV IRU $FWLYLW\GLDJUDPLVVSHFLDONLQGRIVWDWHFKDUWGLDJUDP,W
80/ XVDJH LQ SURFHVV RI VRIWZDUH GHYHORSPHQW 7KLV HPSKDVLVHVDIORZIURPDFWLYLW\WRDFWLYLW\ ZLWKLQV\VWHP
DUWLFOH DQDO\VHV DVSHFWV RI 80/ XVLQJ LQ GHYHORSPHQW ,WLVYHU\XVHIXOLQILQGLQJFRQFXUUHQWDFWLYLWLHVLQV\VWHP
SURFHVV &RPSRQHQW GLDJUDP GHVFULEHV RUJDQLVDWLRQ DQG
7KHVHFRQGVHFWLRQH[SODLQVURRWFDXVHVDQGSXUSRVHVRI GHSHQGHQFLHV DPRQJ D VHW RI FRPSRQHQWV ,W LV UHODWHG WR
80/ 80/ GLDJUDPV DUH H[SODLQHG EULHIO\ 1H[W VHFWLRQ FODVVGLDJUDPVLQD ZD\RI PDSSLQJFRPSRQHQWWRRQHRU
LQWURGXFHV RQH VRIWZDUH GHYHORSPHQW SURFHVV WKDW XWLOLVHV PRUHFODVVHVLQWHUIDFHVRUFROODERUDWLRQV
80/([DPSOHVDQGDVSHFWVRI80/XWLOLVDWLRQDUHVKRZQ
'HSOR\PHQW GLDJUDP H[SODLQV FRQILJXUDWLRQ RI UXQWLPH $IWHUKDYLQJWKRVHV\VWHPVGHVLJQHGFRQFOXVLRQWKDWZH
SURFHVVLQJQRGHVDQGFRPSRQHQWVRQWKHP,WVKRZVVWDWLF DOUHDG\KDGUHPDLQHG80/LVVXSHULRULQHDUO\SKDVHVRI
GHSOR\PHQWYLHZRIDUFKLWHFWXUH GHYHORSPHQW 5HTXLUHPHQW DQDO\VLV LV KHDYLO\ VXSSRUWHG
EXW WZR W\SHV RI GLDJUDPV GLVWLQFW WKHPVHOYHV 8VHFDVH
DQG VHTXHQFH GLDJUDPV SURYLGH HYHU\WKLQJ QHHGHG IRU
,,, '(9(/230(17352&(66 FDSWXULQJDOO WKHV\VWHPVIHDWXUHV \HWUHWDLQLQJ VLPSOLFLW\
QHHGHG IRU FXVWRPHU WR XQGHUVWDQG GHVLJQHG EHKDYLRXU
7KH80/LVPRGHOOLQJODQJXDJHQRWDPHWKRG%XWIRU 0LVXQGHUVWDQGLQJ EHWZHHQ GHVLJQHUV DQG FXVWRPHUV LV
VXFFHVVIXO SURMHFW PRGHOOLQJ ODQJXDJH LV QRW HQRXJK H[FOXGHG LI \RX XVH 80/ DQG PLVXQGHUVWDQGLQJ LWVHOI
7KHUH DUH VHYHUDO GHYHORSLQJ PHWKRGV H[LVWLQJ ZRUOGZLGH XVXDOO\ OHDGV SURMHFWV LQWR IDLOXUH 1HJRWLDWLRQ ZLWK
HJ ([WUHPH SURJUDPPLQJ )HDWXUH 'ULYHQ FXVWRPHUV WKH\ RIWHQ KDYH D WHQGHQF\ WR FKDQJH WKHLU
3URJUDPPLQJ &UHDWRUV RI 80/ PDGH 5DWLRQDO 8QLILHG PLQGLIQRWJRRGGHVLJQSUD[LVLWVHOIIRUFHVXVWRGHVLJQ
3URFHVV583DQGLWXWLOLVHV80/WKHPRVW%HVWSUDFWLFHV V\VWHP WR EH UHVLOLHQW WR PRGHUDWH FKDQJH LQ UHTXHVWV
RI GLIIHUHQW SURMHFWV DUH LQFRUSRUDWHG LQ LW 7KLV VHFWLRQ $QRWKHU JRRG VLGH RI KDYLQJ XVHFDVHV LV WKDW WKH\ DUH
EULHIO\H[SODLQVWKH5DWLRQDO8QLILHG3URFHVV YDOXDEOH VRXUFHIRUFUHDWLQJWHVWFDVHVFHQDULRVIRUWHVWLQJ
7KH 5DWLRQDO 8QLILHG 3URFHVV LV LWHUDWLYH DQG DQGYDOLGDWLQJSDUWO\RUIXOO\LPSOHPHQWHGV\VWHPV
LQFUHPHQWDO GHYHORSPHQW SURFHVV )LJXUH 6RIWZDUH 2QHFRXOGQRWH[SHFW PLUDFOHVIURP XVHFDVHGLDJUDPV
WKURXJK SURFHVV LV FDUHIXOO\ EXLOW VWHS E\ VWHS 0D\EHPRVWGLIILFXOWWDVNLQGHVLJQLVWR³GUDZULJKW´XVH
IXQFWLRQDOLW\E\IXQFWLRQDOLW\$IWHUHYHU\LWHUDWLRQVXEVHW FDVHV8VHFDVHGLDJUDPVJLYHPHDQVWRH[SUHVVLGHDVEXW
RIIXQFWLRQDOLW\ZLOOEHGHVLJQHGLPSOHPHQWHGDQGWHVWHG LGHDV FRPH IURP JUHDW H[SHULHQFH /HVV H[SHULHQFHG
GHVLJQHUV PD\EH ZRXOG QRW XQGHUVWDQG UHDVRQV EHKLQG
SDUWLFXODUGHVLJQPDGHE\VHQLRUGHVLJQHUWKH\ZLOOQRWLFH
(ODERUDWLRQ
LWVVLPSOLFLW\DQGEHDXW\WKRXJKEXWWKH\ZLOOXQGHUVWDQG
7UDQVLWLRQ
,QFHSWLRQ
LW DQG VXUHO\ EH DEOH WR XSJUDGH RQ LW ,Q IDFW 80/
&RQVWUXFWLRQ LQKHULWLQJ RQO\ WKH EHVW IHDWXUHV RI PDQ\ PRGHOOLQJ
ODQJXDJHV FDQ UHDOO\ KHOS ZKLOH DFTXLULQJ REMHFWRULHQWHG
ZD\ RI WKLQNLQJ ³, FDQ¶W H[SUHVV LW ZLWK 80/´ LQ PRVW
FDVHV PHDQV WKDW WKHUH LV VRPHWKLQJ ZURQJ ZLWK \RXU
)LJXUH7KH5DWLRQDO8QLILHG3URFHVV GHVLJQ UHJDUGLQJ REMHFWRULHQWDWLRQ 6R XVLQJ 80/ LV
'XULQJ LQFHSWLRQ ILUVW PHHWLQJV DERXW JRDO DQG WKH YHU\KHOSIXOWRDOOFDWHJRULHVRIGHVLJQHUV
VFRSHRISURMHFWDUHKHOG$OVREXVLQHVVFDVHURXJKO\KRZ $QRWKHU LPSRUWDQW LVVXH KDV EHHQ WDFNOHG E\ 80/
PXFKLWZLOOFRVWDQGKRZPXFKLWZLOOEULQJLQLVFUHDWHG 3DUDOOHO GHVLJQ RI GLIIHUHQW SDUWV RI D V\VWHP LV DOPRVW
REOLJDWRU\H[FHSW IRU YHU\ VLPSOHVWRQHV3UHFRQGLWLRQ IRU
,Q HODERUDWLRQ PRUH GHWDLOV DERXW UHTXLUHPHQWV DQG WKDWLVSURSHUV\VWHPGLYLVLRQZKLFKFRPSULVHVWZRWKLQJV
WHFKQRORJLHV LQYROYHG PXVW EH FDXJKW $OVR KLJKOHYHO GHILQLWLRQ RI UHODWLYHO\ LQGHSHQGHQW VXEV\VWHPV
DQDO\VLV DQG GHVLJQ IRU FUHDWLQJ EDVHOLQH DUFKLWHFWXUH LV KDYLQJDSSURSULDWHIXQFWLRQDOLW\
GRQH ,Q WKLV SKDVH SODQ IRU FRQVWUXFWLRQ SKDVH LV DOVR HQVXULQJ IXOO FROODERUDWLRQ RI WKRVH VXEV\VWHPV RQFH
FUHDWHG WKH\DUHGHVLJQHG
7KH FRQVWUXFWLRQ SKDVH FRQVLVWV RI PDQ\ LWHUDWLRQV LQ 7KH ZD\ WKDW 80/ DGGUHVVHV WKHVH TXHVWLRQV LV E\
ZKLFK HDFK LWHUDWLRQ EXLOGV SURGXFWLRQTXDOLW\ VRIWZDUH SDFNDJHV DQG LQWHUIDFHV 7KHUH DUH QR SDFNDJH GLDJUDPV
WHVWHGDQGLQWHJUDWHGWKDWVDWLVILHVDVXEVHWRIUHTXLUHPHQWV EXW RQH FDQ XVH FODVV GLDJUDPV IRU WKDW SXUSRVH ,Q WKDW
RIWKHSURMHFW7KHGHOLYHU\PD\EHH[WHUQDOWRHDUO\XVHUV ZD\ QRW RQO\ LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ EXW DOVR GHVLJQ LV KLGGHQ
RUSXUHO\LQWHUQDO(DFKLWHUDWLRQFRQWDLQVDOOWKHXVXDOOLIH EHKLQG LQWHUIDFHV IDFLOLWDWLQJ ODWHU FKDQJHV DQG
F\FOH SKDVHV RI DQDO\VLV GHVLJQ LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ DQG PDLQWHQDQFH,WLVHYHQSRVVLEOHWRGHYHORSSDUWLFXODUSDUWV
WHVWLQJ RIWKHV\VWHPXVLQJGLIIHUHQWWRROVZLWKRXWDQ\80/DQG
7KHWUDQVLWLRQLQFOXGHVEHWDWHVWLQJSHUIRUPDQFHWXQLQJ WKDQ UHYHUVHHQJLQHHU LW EDFN WR 80/ GHVLJQ )LJXUH
DQG XVHU WUDLQLQJ 2SWLPLVDWLRQ UHGXFHV WKH FODULW\ DQG 7KLV SDUWLFXODUO\ UHIHUV WR *8, GHVLJQ $V UHGHVLJQ RU
H[WHQVLELOLW\ RI WKH V\VWHP LQ RUGHU WR LPSURYH DGGLQJQHZIXQFWLRQDOLW\LVRIWHQWKHFDVHLW¶VQRWDOZD\V
SHUIRUPDQFH DERXW EUDQG QHZ V\VWHP XVLQJ OHJDF\ FRGH FDQ PDNH
VXEVWDQWLDOVDYLQJV
,9 80/,135$&7,&( $JHQW
/RFDO0DQDJHU
*OREDO0DQDJHU
VWDUW6LPXODWLRQ
VWRS6LPXODWLRQ
DQDO\VH2YHUDOO1HWZRUN3HUIRUPDQFH XSGDWH0DWUL[( OHP HQWVPDWUL[
XSGDWH/%0HWKRGV
VHW/%0HWKRG VWDUW0RGXOHV XSGDWH7RSRORJ\
PRYH7R1H[W1RGH VWRS0RGXOHV
RSHQ1HWZRUN6WUXFWXUH(GLWRU
VWDUW%DODQFHU
RSHQ/RDG0DWUL[(GLWRU
VWRS%DODQFHU RSHQ/%0(GLWRU
(QWKXVLDVWLFDSSURDFKWRZDUG80/KDVEHHQTXHVWLRQHG
JHW/RDG,QIR RSHQ6WDWLVWLFV:LQGRZVWDWV
'DWDEDVH
/LQN
QRGHV
QRGHV /%0HWKRGV
OLQNV OLQNV
V\VWHPV KDG WR EH GHVLJQHG XVLQJ 80/ DORQJ ZLWK WKH
OE0HWKRGV
DGG/LQN /RDG0DWUL[
DGG/LQN DGG1RGH
DGG1RGH UHP RYH1RGH ORDG9HFWRU
UHPRYH1RGH 1RGH UHP RYH/LQN
UHPRYH/LQN
QDPH
SK\VLFDO1DP H
XVDELOLW\UHJDUGLQJGLIIHUHQWW\SHVRIV\VWHPVDQGGLIIHUHQW 5HYHUVH
(QJLQHHULQJ
UHTXLUHGGHWDLOOHYHO7KHUHIRUHWZRV\VWHPVZHUHFKRVHQ
DJHQW V\VWHP UHTXLUHPHQW DUH IDLUO\ JHQHUDO DQG /HJDF\
&RGH
DUFKLWHFWXUHLVDFFHQWHG
FRPPXQLFDWLRQ DSSOLFDWLRQ LPSOHPHQWLQJ VSHFLILF
SURWRFRO ± WKHUH LV GHWDLOHG UHTXLUHPHQWV )LJXUH5HYHUVHHQJLQHHULQJRI*8,WR80/GLDJUDP
GRFXPHQWDWLRQDQGDFFHQWLVRQEHKDYLRXU
,WZDVREYLRXVWKDW80/KDQGOHVDUFKLWHFWXUDOSUREOHPV XVHIXO IRU V\VWHP YLVXDOLVDWLRQ DQG XQGHUVWDQGLQJ KRZ LW
ZHOO 'HILQLQJ EHKDYLRU LV LW¶V OHVV JRRG SDUW 7KHUH LV ZRUNVDQGWKDWZLOOFHUWDLQO\KHOSSURJUDPPHU
ZKROHEXQFKRIGLDJUDPVVHTXHQFHFROODERUDWLRQDFWLYLW\
DQGVWDWHFKDUWGLDJUDPVEXWGHVLJQHUFDQXVHLWRQO\IRU
LW¶V RZQ QHHGV 7KH\ GRQ¶W FRQWULEXWH WR WKH DXWRPDWLF
FRGHJHQHUDWRUVDWDOO6RRQHFDQVD\WKDWDORWRIWURXEOH
DERXW FDSWXULQJ EHKDYLRU RI PHQWLRQHG FRPPXQLFDWLRQ
DSSOLFDWLRQLVZRUWKOHVV,WLVQ¶WMXVWOLNHWKLVEXWGHVLJQHUV
ZRXOG GHILQLWHO\ OLNH LI WKHUH KDG EHHQ VRPH UHIOHFWLRQ RI
WKH FDSWXUHG EHKDYLRU LQ WKH FRGH 7KHUHIRUH ELJ VWHS
DKHDG LV 80/ WR 6'/ 6SHFLILFDWLRQ DQG 'HVFULSWLRQ
/DQJXDJH>@FRQYHUWHURIIHUHGE\VRPHYHQGRUV6'/LV
VXLWDEOHIRULQGHSWKV\VWHPGHVLJQDQGYHULILFDWLRQ$OVR
6'/ FDQ EH VXFFHVVIXOO\ XVHG WR H[SUHVV V\VWHP G\QDPLF
EHKDYLRU6RE\XVLQJWUDQVODWRUDORWRILQIRUPDWLRQIURP
80/ LV NHSW DQG WUDQVIHUUHG LQWR 6'/ &RQVHTXHQWO\
YLVXDO GHVLJQ DORQJ ZLWK DOO WKH SRVVLELOLWLHV RI V\VWHP
YHULILFDWLRQ DQG YDOLGDWLRQ RIIHUHG E\ WKH WRROV UHPDLQV
DYDLODEOHWRGHVLJQHUV
9 (;3(5,0(176:,7+,1(;3(5,(1&('
'(9(/23(56
$ ORW RI DUWLFOHV DERXW 80/ GHVFULEH LWV WUHPHQGRXV
IHDWXUHV EXW OLWWOH RI WKHP VKRZ H[DFW UHVXOWV IURP
H[SHULPHQWV ZLWK 80/ LQ UHDO SURMHFWV ,W LV KDUG WR )LJXUH)ORZGLDJUDPFUHDWHGE\1RQ80/JURXS
TXDQWLWDWLYHO\ H[SUHVV DGYDQWDJHV RI 80/ FRPSDULQJ WR
FRPPRQ ZD\ RI VRIWZDUH GHYHORSPHQW 7R FOHDU SLFWXUH )URP QRQ80/ GRFXPHQWV LW LV REYLRXV WKDW JURXS
DERXW 80/ XVHIXOQHVV DQ H[SHULPHQW ZLWK JURXS RI ZHUH D OLW ELW FRQIXVHG DQG GLVRULHQWHG &RQWUDU\ 80/
VWXGHQWVZHUHPDGH JURXS ZDV OHDGHG ZLWK 80/ GLDJUDPV DQG EHFDPH PRUH
6WXGHQWV ZHUH VHSDUDWHG LQWR WZR JURXSV )LUVW JURXS FRQFHQWUDWHGDQGHIIHFWLYH/RJLFDOIORZRIGLDJUDPXVDJH
80/JURXSZHUHOLVWHQHGSUHVHQWDWLRQRQ80/)RUWKDW KHOSVVXVWDLQLQJPDLQGHVLJQHIIRUWLQULJKWGLUHFWLRQ
WLPH VHFRQG JURXS 1RQ80/ JURXS ZKLFK ZDV 7R GHWHUPLQH V\VWHP FODVVHV DQG WKHLU PHWKRGV DQG
VHSDUDWHG LQWR WKUHH VPDOOHU JURXSV WULHG WR GHVLJQ WKUHH DWWULEXWHV WKH QRQ80/ JURXS KDV EHHQ XVHG RQO\ SRZHU
VPDOO V\VWHPV ZHE VHUYLFH IRU H[DP DSSOLDQFH FDFKH RI WKHLU EUDLQV ,Q D ELJJHU V\VWHPV WKDW EHFRPHV
PDFKLQHDQGDXWRPDWLFGRRURSHQLQJV\VWHP7KH\KDGQRW SUDFWLFDOO\ LPSRVVLEOH WR KDQGOH 7KH 80/ KDV XVHG
DQ\ LQIRUPDWLRQ DERXW 80/ DQG WKH\ ZHUH OHIW WR GHVLJQ SRZHUIXOWRROVOLNHDVHTXHQFHDQGFODVVGLDJUDPV)LJXUH
V\VWHPV ZLWK WKHLU SUHYLRXV NQRZOHGJH DQG VHQVH +HUH 2QWKDWZD\GHYHORSHUVDUHGULYHQWRILQGDSSURSULDWH
LW¶V NH\ LVVXH WKDW DOO VWXGHQWV ZHUH DFWXDOO\ ZLWK QR VROXWLRQ IRU V\VWHP FODVVHV DQG FRPPXQLFDWLRQ DPRQJ
H[SHULHQFH ZLWK REMHFWRULHQWHG V\VWHP GHVLJQ DQG WKHP
GHYHORSPHQW ,QHDUO\VWDJHVRIGHYHORSPHQWSURFHVVLWLVYHU\LPSRUWDQW
,W LV KDUG WR TXDQWLWDWLYHO\ PHDVXUH GHVLJQ DQG WR WR H[DPLQH GLIIHUHQW SRVVLELOLWLHV DQG LUUHJXODULWLHV LQ WKH
FRPSDUHSURJUHVVHVRIWZRGLIIHUHQWJURXSV%XWDVDRQH V\VWHP $V LQ WKH SUHYLRXV FDVH IRU WKH QRQ80/ JURXS
RIWKHHOHPHQWVDPRXQWRIFUHDWHGGLDJUDPVDQGPDWHULDOV WKDWZDVRQO\DPHQWDOSURFHVV%XWDQDO\VLVZLWKXVHFDVH
FDQ EH XVHG 7KH QRQ80/ JURXS KDV FUHDWHG D IHZ DQG VHTXHQFH GLDJUDPV FDQ KHOS WR ILQG GHYHORS DQG
URXJKO\ GHVFULSWLRQV RI WKH V\VWHP RSHUDWLQJ DQG IORZ H[SODLQ V\VWHP VWDWHV ZKHUH PRUH WKHQ RQH RSWLRQ LV
GLDJUDPV)LJXUH0RVWRIWKHWLPHWKH\ ZHUHWU\LQJWR SRVVLEOH 8QIRUWXQDWHO\ 80/ JURXS GLGQ¶W SD\ DWWHQWLRQ
FDWFK XS ZLWK LQWHUQDO VWUXFWXUH DQG DUFKLWHFWXUH RI WKH RQ WKDW SUREOHPV DQG RSWLRQV 7KDW LV SUREDEO\ KDSSHQHG
V\VWHP80/JURXSPDGHPRUH7KH\PRVWO\FUHDWHG8VH EHFDXVH WKLV LV WKHLU ILUVW SURMHFW LQ 80/ 6HFRQG UHDVRQ
&DVH 6HTXHQFH )LJXUH DQG $FWLYLW\ GLDJUDPV 7KH\ FDQ EH ODFN RI WLPH EHFDXVH ERWK RI JURXSV ZHUH WLPH
HYHQ FUHDWHG &ODVV GLDJUDPV WKDW VKRZ FODVVHV PHWKRGV OLPLWHG
DQG DWWULEXWHV $FFRUGLQJ WR DQ DPRXQW TXDQWLW\ RI
FUHDWHG GRFXPHQWV LW LV REYLRXV WKDW 80/ KDV H[WUHPHO\
KHOSHGLQGHVLJQHIIRUWVHVSHFLDOO\WRFDSWXUHUHTXLUHPHQWV
DQGWRVHHRYHUDOOV\VWHPDUFKLWHFWXUH
,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ DV ILQDO JRDO RI HYHU\ GHYHORSPHQW
SURFHVV UHTXHVWV D ORW RI GHWDLOV WR EH GHILQHG $ OHYHO RI
GHWDLOVFDQDOVREHDSDUDPHWHUWRFRPSDUHWZRJURXSVDQG
WKHLU ZRUN 7KH QRQ80/ JURXS DQG LWV GHVLJQV DUH RQ
YHU\ KLJK OHYHO RI DEVWUDFWLRQ DQG ZLWK OLWWOH RI GHWDLOV $
SURJUDPPHU ZKR LV UHVSRQVLEOH IRU LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ ZLOO
EHYHU\VDGZLWKVXFKNLQGRILQSXWGRFXPHQWV2QRWKHU
VLGH 80/ JURXS ZLWK FODVV GLDJUDPV FRQWDLQLQJ D ORW RI
GHWDLOV DWWULEXWHV DQG PHWKRGV KDV D YHU\ JRRG EDVLF IRU )LJXUH6HTXHQFHGLDJUDPFUHDWHGE\80/JURXS
LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ 2WKHU FUHDWHG GRFXPHQWV ZLOO EH DOVR
&21&/86,21
,W FDQ EH FRQFOXGHG WKDW 80/ KDV D ORW RI SRZHU WR
RIIHU1HZSURMHFWVKDYHEHWWHUFKDQFHVWRVXUYLYHLI80/
LVXVHG7KHH[SHULPHQWZLWKVWXGHQWVVKRZVWKDW80/KDV
D YHU\ VWURQJ LPSDFW RQ QHZFRPHUV DQG LW FDQ VWURQJO\
LQFUHDVHWKHLUZRUNLQJGHVLJQLQJFDSDELOLWLHV
8VDJHRI80/WRROVFDQDGGLWLRQDOO\LPSURYHVRIWZDUH
GHVLJQ SURFHVV :LWK WKRVH WRROV GRFXPHQWDWLRQ SURFHVV
ZLOO EH LQFOXGHG LQWR GHYHORSPHQW SURFHVV EHFDXVH
GRFXPHQWDWLRQLVFUHDWHGGXULQJGHVLJQWLPH
8VLQJ80/LQSUDFWLFHSURYHGWREHJRRG5HTXLUHPHQW
DQDO\VLVDQGDUFKLWHFWXUDOGHVLJQDUHJUHDWWRGRZLWK80/
$GGLWLRQDOO\ DGYHQW RI 80/ WR 6'/ WUDQVODWRUV JDYH
VWUHQJWK WR SURFHVV RI V\VWHPV¶ G\QDPLF VWUXFWXUH GHVLJQ
WRR
)LJXUH&ODVVGLDJUDPFUHDWHGZLWK80/WRRO
7RFDSWXUHUHTXLUHPHQWVDQGGLYLGHV\VWHPLQWRVPDOOHU
SDUWVLVQ¶WVXFKDELJSUREOHPLI ZHKDYHVPDOO V\VWHPWR 5()(5(1&(6
GHVLJQ 7KH QRQ80/ JURXS ZDV OXFN\ DQG DYRLGHG ELJ
WURXEOH %XW 80/ JLYHV RSSRUWXQLW\ WR KDQGOH D KXJH >@ * %RRFK -5XPEDXJK , -DFREVRQ 7KH 8QLILHG 0RGHOLQJ
V\VWHP E\ DQDO\VLQJ WKHP DQG GLYLGLQJ WKHP LQWR VHYHUDO /DQJXDJH8VH*XLGH$GGLVRQ:HVOH\
SDFNDJHV3DFNDJHGLDJUDPVDOVRZHUHQRWXVHG >@ 0 )RZOHU .HQGDOO 6FRWW 80/ 'LVWLOOHG QG HGLWLRQ
7KH QRQ80/ JURXS KDV XVHG IORZ GLDJUDPV WKDW KHOS $GGLVRQ:HVOH\
IRU V\VWHP YLVXDOLVDWLRQ ,W LV YHU\ XVHIXO PHWKRG WKDW >@ 3 .UXFKWHQ 7KH 5DWLRQDO 8QLILHG 3URFHVV QG HGLWLRQ
PDNHVGHYHORSPHQWSURFHVVHDVLHUDQGPRUHRUJDQLVH$OO $GGLVRQ:HVOH\
80/ GLDJUDPV DOVR KHOS WR YLVXDOLVH V\VWHP EXW QRW RQO\ >@ - (OOVEHUJHU ' +RJUHIH $ 6DUPD 6'/ )RUPDO 2EMHFW
LWV EHKDYLRXU OLNH IORZ GLDJUDPV EXW IURP DOO V\VWHP¶V RULHQWHG /DQJXDJH IRU &RPPXQLFDWLQJ 6\VWHPV 3UHQWLFH
DVSHFWV ,W LV HVSHFLDOO\ KDQG\ ZKHQ VRPH 80/ WRRO LV +DOO
XVHG >@ 2 /DLWHQEHUJHU & $WNLQVRQ 0 6FOLFK . (O $PDP $Q
([SHULPHQWDO&RPSDULVRQRI5HDGLQJ7HFKQLTXHVIRU'HIHFW
'HWHFWLRQ LQ 80/ 'HVLJQ 'RFXPHQWDWLRQ )UDXQKRIHU
.DLVHUVODXWHUQ