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Aay s . scenario, the depiction of fossil fuels has led to thedelveenloprnhaxentbecofn

I n
i°u
t alternative energy source namely Hydrogen, Hydro ure, primarily for sn as a
nortan
potential zero-emission energy carrier for the flit
identified a a
,no sector. Hydrogen gas does not exist naturally and must be produced the
Van' fuels water. It has been produced for industrial applications fig
fossil
ff
To : decades and several production technologies are now available that use a e
of fuels'
r a n g
Hydrogen is a very efficient and clean fuel. Its combustion will produce no
gases, no ozone layer depleting chemicals, little or no acid rain ingitenhouse
and pollution. For hydrogen to become a viable energy source, nu-
gredients,
erous fundamental problems must still be solved. These problems involve all
components of a hydrogen energy system: production, storage, use, safety and

distribution issues. Hydrogen is an energy carrier but not an energy resource, and
bus hydrogen must be produced. Hydrogen can be produced from coal (gasifica-
tion, carbonization), natural gas and propane gas (steam reforming, partial oxida-
tion, auto thermal reforming, plasma reforming), petroleum fractions (dehydrocy-
clization and aromatization, oxidative steam reforming, pyrolytic decomposition),
biomass (gasification, steam reforming, biological conversion), and water (elec-
trolysis, photo catalytic conversion, chemical and catalytic conversion). Some or-
ganic substances can be used for hydrogen production, and they includes methanol
synthesized via synthesis gas from natural gas and coal (steam reforming, decom-
position), ethanol made from biological fermentation of crops and biomass (steam
reforming), and sugars or carbohydrates (steam reforming, gasification). For some
special applications, hydrogen-containing inorganic compounds such as ammonia
and hydrogen sulphide have also been considered as Murce compounds for
hydrogen production (catalytic decomposition). Future production routes involve
the use of solar energy to produce hydrogen by electrophoresis, thermal nuclear
energy combined with different hydrogen generating cycles and from gasification
of biomass. Regardless of the hydrogen source and energy source, in order for

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