Climate change is one of the most complex global environmental problems, impacting the physical

and biological systems of aquatic, terrestrial and marine environments.Various sectors such as
agriculture, forestry, health, socio-economy, etc. have found to be severely affected by the
implications of climate change in our country.Global warming will result in a rise in extreme rainfall
events, increased frequency of cyclones, and more droughts in India over the course of this
century, a new government report has said.The predictions are part of the Ministry of Earth
Sciences’ first comprehensive report on how global warming is changing the climate in India, and
how climate patterns will shift by the end of this century.India’s average temperature rose by
around 0.7 degree Celsius between 1901 and 2018. It is projected to rise further by approximately
4.4°C by the end of this century, according to the report by researchers from Indian Institute of
Tropical Meteorology (IITM), Pune. There are innumerable impacts of climate changes that we are
facing, some of them are:

Rise in temperatures/Extreme Weather

The report said the temperature rise is largely on account of warming induced by greenhouse gas
emissions. “In the recent 30-year period (1986–2015), temperatures of the warmest day and the
coldest night of the year have risen by about 0.63°C and 0.4°C, respectively. By the end of the
twenty-first century, these temperatures are projected to rise by approximately 4.7°C and 5.5°C,
respectively, relative to the corresponding temperatures in the recent past (1976–2005 average),”
the report said.

By the end of this century, the frequency of occurrence of warm days and warm nights is projected
to increase to up to 70 per cent. The Hindu Kush Himalayas experienced a temperature rise of
about 1.3°C during 1951–2014. Several areas have experienced a declining trend in snowfall and
also retreat of glaciers in recent decades. By the end of this century, the annual mean surface
temperature over the Hindu Kush Himalayas is projected to increase by about 5.2°C.

More rains, droughts, and frequent severe cyclones

While a rise in temperature leads to an increase in precipitation — since warm air is able to hold
more moisture — the summer monsoon precipitation (June to September) over India has declined
by around 6 per cent from 1951 to 2015. The decline is particularly notable over the Indo-Gangetic
Plains and the Western Ghats, the report said.“In particular, areas over central India, southwest
coast, southern peninsula and north-eastern India have experienced more than 2 droughts per
decade, on average, during this period,” the report stated.

Health
There are many ways in which climate change could impact people’s health. Depending on age,
location, and economic status, climate change is already affecting the health of many and has the
potential to impact millions more. According to the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention,
climate change-related health risks may include:

1. Heat-related illness
2. Injuries and fatalities from severe weather
3. Asthma & cardiovascular disease from air pollution
4. Respiratory problems from increased allergens
5. Diseases from poor water quality
6. Water & food supply insecurities

Water & Food Resources

Climate change could have a significant impact on food and water supplies. Severe weather and
increased temperatures will continue to limit crop productivity and increase the demand for water.
With food demand expected to increase by nearly 70% by 2050, the problem will likely only get
worse.

Solutions for Climate Change

While the effects of climate change can seem bleak, there is still hope. By taking immediate action
to curb climate change, we may never see the worst consequences. Likewise, as the world adopts
cleaner, more sustainable energy solutions, there may be millions of new jobs created and billions
of dollars of economic benefits. Below are some practical ways you can battle climate change,
including:

1. Purchase Renewable Energy Certificate for your home power needs

2. Make your home energy efficient
3. Adopt a plant-based diet
4. Reduce food waste
5. Recycle
6. Stop using fossil fuels/Adopt renewable & sustainable methods
7. Stop deforestation
8. Water conservation and rainwater harvesting
9. Increasing the area under irrigation and improving the efficiency of agricultural water use
10. Bicycling and public transport infrastructure

Although India is already producing 50% of its energy from renewable sources there is a dire need
to make a complete shift to 100% and eliminate the usage of coal. Apart from this, I believe
government should strictly enforce some ground rules for the farmers to reduce the usage of
fertilisers, chemicals from stop them from doing conventional style of farming and instead focus
more on organic farming. They should provide them with adequate knowledge resources, facilities,
funds to be able to make them self reliant & let them know the benefits of organic farming over
conventional farming. State wise allotment of budget & regulated policies to be mandatory for
various govt/private institutions to help & adopt go green methods.Complete ban of usage of
plastics from each & every industry.