Machine Design I:

Static and Fatigue Failure

Module 7: Material Selection in Hip Implant
Kathryn Wingate, Ph.D.
GWW School of Mechanical Engineering
 Course Overview

• Unit 1: Material Properties in Design

• Strength
• Modulus of Elasticity
• Ashby Plots
• Metals
• Temperature Effects

• Unit 2: Static Failure

• Unit 3: Fatigue Failure

Learning Outcomes

• Learning Outcome 1:
• Understand the broad number of considerations in
engineering design

• Learning Outcome 2:
• Become familiar with the complexity of material
selection in certain biomedical applications
Case Study: Total Hip Replacement
• Total hip replacement
• Damage to hip joint
• Trauma
• Necrosis
• Osteoarthritis

• Surgeon will remove the damaged cartilage

and some bone and replace hip prostheses
• Process here:
• http://www.webmd.com/pain-management/video/hip-
replacement
• More detailed process here:
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BYwVaKkRdF4

• Come up with a list of design considerations

for a total hip replacement prostheses
• Encompass design and material selection Author: Bruce Blaus. Title: Hip Replacement
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hip_Replacement.png
Total Hip Replacement Prostheses:
Engineering Design Considerations
• Static Load (Strength) Cup
• Dynamic Load
• Weight
• Biocompatible Ball
• Life
• Sterile
• Temperature
• Modulus of Elasticity
• Manufacturing
• Surgical Procedure Stem
• Cost
• USA: https://commons.wikimedia.org/
• FDA approval wiki/File:THP.jpg

• Medicare/caid approval
Ashby Plot: Modulus of Elasticity vs. Density

bone

OWN WORK, CREATED IN CES EDUPACK 2016, GRANTA DESIGN

Total Hip Replacement Prostheses:
Wolff’s Law
• Bone remodeling: adapts to magnitude and
direction of load

• Old Hip prosthesis modulus > bone modulus

• Stress shielding

• Bone remodeling

• Implant loosening and pain

Ashby Plot: Modulus of Elasticity vs. Density
Titanium Alloy

Bone

bone Porous Ti

Bone

Alireza Nouri, Peter D. Hodgson and Cui'e Wen (2010). Biomimetic Porous Titanium Scaffolds for Orthopedic and Dental
Applications, Biomimetics Learning from Nature, Amitava Mukherjee (Ed.), InTech, DOI: 10.5772/8787. Available from:
http://www.intechopen.com/books/biomimetics-learning-from-nature/biomimetic-porous-titanium-scaffolds-for-orthopedic-
OWN WORK, CREATED IN CES EDUPACK 2016, GRANTA DESIGN and-dental-applications