Pakistan Affairs CSS/PMS

For CSS/PMS

MUNEEB UR REHMAN
0345-7577177

MUNEEB UR REHMAN 0345-7577177 1

Pakistan Affairs CSS/PMS

SHAH WALI ULLAH (1703-1762)

1. Introductory note.
2. Plight of Muslims in his times.
3. Socio-political, economic reforms.
4. Continued the work of Alaf-Sani.
5. Causes of Muslim Decline.
a. Nobel’s of humayun (Iranian)
b. Govt. influence
c. Ignorance of religion
d. Emergence of rich class
e. Kingship not khilafat
f. Sectarian conflicts
g. Heavy taxes
h. Rise of Marhattas

Services and Contribution of Shah Wali Ullah

Religious Services:

1. Spiritual consolidation
2. Revival of Quran & Sunnah
3. Advocated Quranic teaching & Education
4. Intergradations of Muslim society
5. Combating sectarianism
6. Balancing between four school of thought
7. Translation of Quran in Persian
8. School for Hadith
9. Reintroduced Ijtihad
10. Reconciliation between Sufis & Ulemas

Social & Moral Services:

1. Islam in its true spirit

2. Practical Islam

Economic Reforms:

1. Trade & Islamic Teaching

2. Equal distribution of wealth
3. Removal of inequalities
4. Pressure upon Govt. for Islamic laws enforcement.
5. Importance of Jihad

MUNEEB UR REHMAN 0345-7577177 2

Pakistan Affairs CSS/PMS

6. Invited Ahmed Shah Abdali

7. Defeat of Marhattas 1761

Works & writings:

1. First translation of Quran

2. Huja-tul-Baligah
3. Azalatul-Akhfa
4. Khalafatul-khulfa
5. Al-Insaf-fi-byan-shab- ildkhdaf
6. Akdal-Jhad-fi-akram-alijthidu-ltikalid
7. Tafhimat-albhya

SAYYED AHMED SHAHEED (1786-1831)

1. Introduction & background
2. Education & Inspiration
3. Companies
4. Writings

Preparation of Jihad

1. An armed struggle
2. Restoration of supremacy of Islam
3. Tyrannical rule of Ranjeet Singh
4. Preparation of armed forces
5. Declaration of war
6. First combat Akora, 1826 Dec
7. Second combat Hazro
8. Popularity of Jihad Movement
9. Conspiracy
10. Enforcement of Shariat
11. The final encounter
12. Movement after death

FRAIZI MOVEMENT (1781-1840)

1. Introduction
2. Hindu Activism
3. Beginning of Fraizi Movement

Aims & Ambitions of Haji Sahib:

1. Introducing Quran & Sunnah

MUNEEB UR REHMAN 0345-7577177 3

Pakistan Affairs CSS/PMS

2. Plight of Muslims under East India company

3. Muslim peasants under Hindu landlords
4. Removal of false belief & superstitions
5. Changed relationship of Pir/Murid into student/teacher.
6. Changed Baia style
7. Spread practice of Toubah
8. Declared sub-continent (Dar-ul-Harb)
9. Impacts of Fraizi Movement
10. Strange opposition of Hindu landlords
11. Exiled from Najobari
12. Returning to birthplace (Farid abad)

DUDU MIYAN

Mohsin-ud-Din Ahmed S/O Haji Shariat Ullah.

1. Establishing Muslim state in Bengal Caliphate

2. Opposed Durga Mata Tax
3. Occupied khas mahal
4. Retaliation of Hindu landlords & Europeans

Impact of Fraizi Movement

Political awareness in Bengali Muslims Resistance against Hindu & Britishers. (TATU MIR)
1782-1831

ALI GARH MOVEMENT

SIR SYED AHMED KHAN

1. Introduction
2. Background
3. Education & training
4. Socio-economic-religious-political leader
5. Need for Muslim plight
6. Two fold programme

Reforms/Services

Educational:

1. Establishing school at Muradabad (1858)

2. School at Ghazipur (1863)
3. Translation Society (1864)

MUNEEB UR REHMAN 0345-7577177 4

Pakistan Affairs CSS/PMS

4. Ali Garh Institute Gazette

5. Tahzib-ul-Akhlaq (1870)
6. MAO School (1875)
7. MAO College (1877)
8. Muhammaden Educational Conference (1886)
9. Ali Garh Muslim University

Political:

1. Founder of Two Nation Theory

2. Tareekh-Sarkashi-e-Bijnor (1858)
3. Resala Asbab Baghawat-e-Hind (502 copies)
4. Tabeen-ul-kalaam
5. Loyal Mohammadans of India
6. Muslim British compromise
7. Hindi-Urdu controversy
8. Western Democracy
9. British India Association
10. Indian National Congress
11. As a member of Imperial Legislative Council

Religious:

1. Modern science & Islam

2. Risala Tahzeeb-ul-Ikhlaq
3. Answer to William Muer Book
4. Tafseer-ul-Quran
5. Akham-e-Taam-e-Ahl-e-kitab
6. Tabeen-ul-kalam
7. Book of John published/distributed

Social:

1. Agriculture & trade as a profession

2. Tehzeeb-ul-Akhlaq
3. Relation with Abl-e-Kitaab
4. Advised to adopt a national dress
5. Anjuman-e-Taraqi-e-Urdu

MUNEEB UR REHMAN 0345-7577177 5

Pakistan Affairs CSS/PMS

SIMLA DEPUTATION
1. Introduction
2. Muslim Demands
a. Separate electorate
b. Share in ministerial services
c. Muhammadan Judges
d. Muh-in-voic Executive Council
e. Share in Imperial Legislative Council
f. Muslim University
3. Lord Minto’s Reply
a. Cordially received
b. Listened
c. Satisfied
4. Importance
a. First organized representation
b. Exposed Hindu mentality
c. Step towards M/L
d. Muslim nationalism
e. Was it a command performance?
Criticism/Analysis

MUSLIM LEAGUE
1) Hindu against Urdu
2) Aarya Samaj activism
3) Slaughtering of cow
4) Modern Hindu Literature
5) Shuddhi Movement
6) Christian Missionary activities
7) Muslim educational & religious movements
8) Fanatic Hindus leadership of comgress
9) Hindu response/reaction against partition of Bengal
10) Liberal party in England
11) Success of Simla Deputation

Making of AIML

1) Role/campaign through newspapers

2) Role/campaign through Muslim political organization
3) Public demand
4) Muslim confederacy scheme

MUNEEB UR REHMAN 0345-7577177 6

Pakistan Affairs CSS/PMS

Establishment of AIML

1) AIMEC 1906
2) Objectives
a. Loyalty & relation with British Govt. to be ensured
b. Political & social rights of Muslim
c. Good relations with others
¾ Reaction of Indian press
¾ Acc. AK.Aziz
¾ Head office & preparation of Constitution
¾ Provincial leagues
a. Pana 1907
b. Daccan 1909
c. Dhaka 1909
d. Madras 1907
¾ Landon Muslim league
May 6th, 1908 Sayyed Amir Ali

LUCKNOW PACT
1) Introduction
2) Efforts/origin of reconciliation
3) New Dawn in Muslim politics
a. Annulment of Bengal
b. Anti-khilafat & Iran attitude of British Govt
c. Demand for Muslim University
d. Incident/Kanpur
e. Ali brothers arrested
f. Change in leadership
g. After effects of WWI
h. Efforts of M.A. Jinnah

Proceedings:

1) A felt need on both sides

2) Unity conference 1-1-1911
3) Quaid’s efforts
4) Dec. 1915 Mumbai
5) Formation of reform committee
6) Nov 1916 Calcutta
7) Dec 1916 Lucknow

MUNEEB UR REHMAN 0345-7577177 7

Pakistan Affairs CSS/PMS

Important points:

1) Separate electorate
2) 1/3 Muslim representatives in central legislative council
3) Weightage Formula
4) Constitutional protection of minorities
5) Elected & independent legislative
6) Opposed bureaucracy/interference
7) Right to ask question for all members of council
8) More authority for provincial Govt.’s
9) Re-structuring council of sec of state
10) Re-structuring Executive council
11) Separation of Judiciary & legislative
12) Dominion status for India
13) Self-Govt. demanded

Reaction of Muslims & Hindus:

1) Hindus from UP opposed

2) Some Muslims also opposed
3) Bengali Muslims opposed
4) Divide of opinion among Muslims regarding Lucknow Pact

Importance/Critical Analysis:

1) Mr. Jinnah Ambassador of Hindu Muslim Unity

2) Hindus accepted separate electorate
3) Congress, no more sole representative of Indian politics
4) Political & constitutional worth of Muslims increased
5) Both sacrificed for each other
6) Both the parties focused “Self-Govt.”
7) Together in future
8) Long last impacts on politics, fate & British rule on India
9) A short lived reconciliation

MUNEEB UR REHMAN 0345-7577177 8

Pakistan Affairs CSS/PMS

ROWLATT ACT

JALLIANWALA BAGH MASSACRE (1919)

1) Introduction
2) Report of Sir. Sidney Rowlett
3) Black law passed in legislative council
4) Unlimited authority for police & Admin

Reaction:

1) Quaid’s opposed & resigned

2) Gandhi’s Sattya Grah
3) Protests & Riots

Jallianwala Bagh Massacre:

1) Callous attitude of Sir. Michael O. Duryer

2) Arrest of political leaders
3) Procession & riots erupted
4) Gathering in Jallianwala Bagh
5) Massacre
6) Martial law
7) Attitude with General masses
¾ Critical Analysis

MONTAGO CHEMSFORD REFORMS (1919)

1) Introduction
2) Background
3) Factors which led to these reforms
a. Failure of Minto-Marley reforms
b. Changing political scenario
c. Movement for Self-Govt.
d. Lacknow Pact
e. Political Testament of Gokhale
f. Efforts of Mr. Basant & Mr. Jinnah
g. Memorandum of Nineteen
h. Expected protest
i. Arrival of Montago

MUNEEB UR REHMAN 0345-7577177 9

 Pakistan Affairs CSS/PMS

Salient features:

1) Announcement of August 1917

2) Stepping Forward Responsible Govt.
3) Montago’s visit of different areas
4) Report of Montago & Chemsford

Important Points:

1) Increase in the number of Indians in the council of Gov. Gen.

KHILAFAT MOVEMENT (1921)

I. Background
II. Attachment of Muslims with Khilafat
III. Majlas-e-Khilafat/Established
IV. Khilafat Delegation/Departure
V. Attitude of Lloyd George
VI. Hijrat Movement
VII. Non-cooperation Movement
a) Strikes & returning titles
b) Boycott of courts
c) Movement in Educational Institution
d) Boycott of Elections
e) Boycott of armed recruitment
f) Swedish Movement
g) Boycott of Govt. celebration
h) Civil Disobedience
VIII. Arrest of leaders
IX. Hindu Muslim Unity/Gandhi’s leadership
X. Mopla Rebellion
XI. Incident of Chora Chori
XII. End of Khilafat Movement

Effect of Khilafat Movement:

I. Confidence & Political awareness

II. Muslim Ulemas in Politics
III. Pressure in British Govt.
IV. New treaty with Turkey
V. Gandhi’s leadership

MUNEEB UR REHMAN 0345-7577177 10

 Pakistan Affairs CSS/PMS

VI. Real face of Gandhi

VII. End of Hindu Muslim unity
VIII. Impacts on Muslim leadership
IX. Impact on Election
X. Impact on Education-Jamia Milleya
XI. End of Western Culture
XII. Change in British attitude

DELHI PROPOSALS (1927)

1. Background
2. Age of violence
3. Hindu Fundamentalism
4. Muslim Reaction
5. Quaid saw the ray of hope
6. Stepping Forward, reconciliation
7. Demand for separate electorate, a hurdle
8. Proposals
a) Combine Election
b) Separation of Sindh from Bombay
c) Establishment of legislative councils in Sarhad & Baluchistan
d) Representation according to population in Punjab & Sindh assemblies
e) 1/3 representation for Muslim in central assembly
9. Hindu Reaction
10. Muslims Reaction
11. Divide of opinion &league
¾ Criticism:
Quaid alone strived for reconciliation

SIMON COMMISSION (1928)

¾ Introduction & Background

Reasons behind allocation of commission:

1. Labour party & upcoming election

2. Criticism of Sawaraj Party
3. Quaid’s Demand

Reaction:

1. Composition of commission
2. Congress opposed the commission

MUNEEB UR REHMAN 0345-7577177 11

Pakistan Affairs CSS/PMS

3. Quaid called it injustice & humiliation

4. Quaid wrote to Labour Party
5. All Newspapers criticized it

Opinion/Stance of the British Govt:

1. Equality based representation of all groups impossible

2. Otherwise, functioning of commission will be imposed

Those who were in favor of commission:

1. Shafee league
2. Punjab Zameendar Association
3. Chief Khalsa Dewddn
4. National Unionist Party etc

Public opinion/Reaction:

1. Anti commission Protests

2. SIMON GO BACK SIMON GO BACK Slogan
3. 30 Oct 1928 Lahore Protests & clash with police

Recommendations/Report of commission:

1. Abolish Diarchy
2. Provincial Ministries all in all
3. Lessen the Central Govt. & Governor’s authority
4. Federal system to be introduced
5. Sindh separation committee in Sarhad

MUNEEB UR REHMAN 0345-7577177 12

Pakistan Affairs CSS/PMS

DYARCHY

Central Subjects Provincial Subjects

Reserved Subjects Transferred Subjects

Secretaries=5Years Minister from Provincial Assembly

ICS

1. Police 1. Self Govt

2. Irrigation 2. Education
3. Forest 3. Social welfare
4. Judiciary 4. Agriculture
5. Revenue 5. Industry

MUNEEB UR REHMAN 0345-7577177 13

Pakistan Affairs CSS/PMS

GOVT. OF INDIA ACT 1935

Background:

¾ Montago Chemsford 1919

¾ Nehru Report 1928
¾ Delhi Proposal/14 points 1929
¾ Round table conference 1931-32
¾ Communal Award
¾ White Paper 1933
¾ Passed on 1935

Characteristics:

1. All India Federation Diarchy in Center

2. Federal Assembly/Legislative
a) Council of State=260-154 BG=104 others 3 years
b) Federal Assembly=375 ( 250 BG + 125 States)
3. Increase in numbers of voters
4. Authority of Governor General
a) Finance & Law enforcement
b) Protect Minority rights
c) Protect right of states
d) No bound to discuss with cabinet
e) Appoint ministers
f) Stop unequal tax on British goods
g) Issue ordinance
h) Dissolve constitution
i) Call assembly meetings
j) Interfere Provincial Subjects
k) Stop discussion on bills
l) Look after, defense, religious & tribal affairs
5. Federal court
6. End of India Council Act
¾ Abolishment of Council of Sec. of State
7. Division of Subjects
a) Central Subjects
b) Provincial Subjects
c) Concurrent list
MUNEEB UR REHMAN 0345-7577177 14
Pakistan Affairs CSS/PMS

Criticism:

™ 16 years a province.
™ Failure due to political conditions
™ Rolet Act, Jalleanwala Bagh, Khilafat Movement, Non-cooperation movement, Boycott
of Assemblies
™ Non-parliamentary Diarchy system
™ Income-oriented/ generalizing subjects for Govt. & others for Provinces
™ Unlimited authority of governor-interference undoes.

POST PARTITION
1. Initial problems of Pakistan
2. Quaid as Governor-General. His role to strengthen the nascent state.
3. If there would have been no Quaid-e-Azam, the creation would have been impossible.
4. Objective Resolution as a magna carta of Pakistan & its critical analysis.
5. The Objective Resolution satisfied both the blocks. Discuss
6. Reasons of delay in the constitution & all political development during 1949-56
7. Governor-General Ghulam Muhammad & his personalization of politics.
8. Poor industrial growth & its causes. Suggestions to improve (acc. To the facts, figures &
data given in economic survey of Pakistan)
9. Agriculture sector problems, suggestions with facts & figures.
10. 1948-58
™ Political issues
™ History
™ Events
11. Current scenario
™ Foreign policy since inception of Pakistan
™ Pak-Afghan relation
™ Post exit situation, its impacts on Pakistan. What should be the Govt. policy
™ Pak-Iran Gas pipeline issue & Us pressure
™ Gawadar & Chinese interest
™ Pakistan between the devil & deep sea ( between US & China)
™ Gawadar port
™ Pakistan under US pressure & the project of TAPI
™ Baluchistan insurgency, causes, extend, consequences, way-out
™ Tourism

Facts, Figures, maps – support discussion with these.

¾ Impact of Tourism on Pakistan economy & terrorism as a threat to Pakistan

Tourism.

MUNEEB UR REHMAN 0345-7577177 15