HEADERS

BOOK II PROPERTY, OWNERSHIP, AND ITS MODIFICATIONS

TITLE I CLASSIFICATION OF PROPERTY PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS (41

CHAPTER 1 Immovable/Real Property

CHAPTER 2 Movable/Personal Property

CHAPTER 3 Property in Relation to the Person to Whom It Belongs

OTHER CLASSIFICATION
TITLE II OWNERSHIP

CHAPTER 1 Ownership in General

LIMITATIONS

CHAPTER 2 Right of Accession

CHAPTER 3 Quieting of Title (n)

CHAPTER 4 Ruinous Buildings and Trees in Danger of Falling
 TITLE III CO-OWNERSHIP (484-501)

TITLE IV SOME SPECIAL PROPERTIES

CHAPTER 1 Waters
CHAPTER 2 Minerals
CHAPTER 3 Trade-marks and Trade-names
TITLE V POSSESSION
CHAPTER 1 Possession and the Kinds Thereof
CHAPTER 2 Acquisition of Possession
CHAPTER 3 Effects of Possession
OTHERS
TITLE VI USUFRUCT
CHAPTER 1 Usufruct in General
CHAPTER 2 Rights of the Usufructuary
CHAPTER 3 Obligations of the Usufructuary
CHAPTER 4 Extinguishment of Usufruct
TITLE VII EASEMENTS OF SERVITUDES
CHAPTER 1 Easements in General
CHAPTER 2 Legal Easements
CHAPTER 3 Voluntary Easements
TITLE VIII NUISANCE (n) (694-707)
TITLE IX REGISTRY OF PROPERTY (708-711)
 CODALS
ND ITS MODIFICATIONS
RELIMINARY PROVISIONS (414)

415

416-418

419-426

SHIP

427-439

440-475

476-481
482-483
HIP (484-501)

PROPERTIES
502-503
519
520-522
SION
523-530
531-538
539-561

UCT
562-563
566-582
583-602
603-612
SERVITUDES
613-633
634-687
688-693
n) (694-707)
PERTY (708-711)
 SUB-CODAL

by nature - 415, (1) & (8)

by incorporation - (2), (3), (7)
by destination - (4), (5), (6), (9)
by analogy - 415, (10)

c. Other Classification
1. By their physical existence
a.
1. Corporeal
Public Dominion, (cf. Patrimonial) (Arts. 419+20-422,421)
b. Incorporeal
a. Property of State 42O 422
2. By their
i. For PublicAutonomy
Use of Dependence
a.
ii. Principal
For Pubtc Seflrice
b.
iii-Accessory
For Development of National Wealth
3.
b. By their Subsistence
Property ofMunicipalAfter Use
Co.porations - Art. 424, par. 1
a. Consumable
i. For Public Use - An. 418(11Public woiks for Public Service
including
b. Non-Consumable - Art. 418
Differentiated
2. Private property iiom Fungible or Non-fungible
c.
i. Dereriorable or Non- -deteriorable
Patrimonial Property Art. 424,
4.
ii. 'Patrimonial
By Reason Property
of their Susceptibility
of Municipal to Division - Art. 424, par. 2
Corporations
a.
iii.Divisible
Private Property of Pdvate Persons - Art. 25, par. 2
b. Indivisible
5. By reason of Designation
a. Generic
b. Specific
6.
Res Existence
Nullius in Point of Time
a. Present
b. Future
*7,Bundle
Contentsof and
rights included in ownership Art. 429 Jus Utendi, Fruendi, Abutendi, Disponeftdi, Vindicandi, (Possidendi)
Constifirtion
a. Singular
*Other
i. Simple Specific Rights Found in CifJ Code Arts. 429, 430, 437,
434,440
ii. Compound
a.
b. Right to Exclude; Self-Help; Doctrine of Self Help; Elements Art. 429
Universal
b.
8. Right to Enclose or Fence - Art. 430
SusceptibilitytoApf,ropriation
c.
a. Right to Receive Just Compensation irr Case of Expropiiation - Art. 435
Non-appropriable
d.
b. Right to Hidden Treasure - Arts.438-439
Appropriable
e. Right toappropriated
i. Akeady Accession - Art. 440
f.
ii. Right to Recover
Not Jret Possession and/or Ownership - Jus
Appropriated
Vindicardi [Available
9. Susceptibility Actions to Recover Possession/Ownership Re:] [Immovable Property - Accion Reivindicatoria - Accion Publiciaia - Forcible
to Comrnerce
Entry and t]le
a. Within - Ilnlau,'full)etainer]
Commerce of Man [Re: Movablethe
b- Outside Property
Comoerce Replevin]
of Man
Requisites for Recovery - Art 434 [Identity the Property] [b. Prove his tight of oqdrership - rety on strength of his evidence not on weakness of
defendant Ari. 434)]
1. Limitations of Real Right of Ownership
General Limitation
a. police Power
b. taxation
c. eminent domain
2. SpecilicLimitations
a. by law, e.g. legal servitudes
i. Limitation From Scattered provisions of Civil Code Arts. 431, 432
Arts. 2191,677-679,67O,649 & 652, 637, 676,644,684-687
ii. Latin Maxim: Suc Utere Tuo Ut Alienum Non Laedas - Art. 431
iii. Act in State of Necessity - Art. 432

b. by party transmitting property, be it in a contract, or last will or donation

c. by owner himself, e.g. voluntary. servitude, mortgage, pledge, lease.
d. inherent limitations from confict of rights arising from contiguity of property
Kinds of Accession
1. Accession Discreta (Fruits) - Art. 44O [NATURAL, INDUSTRIAL, CIVIL]
A. Differences Between Action to Quiet Title and Action:
-2.To Remove Continua
Accession A Cloud To Prevent
(Over a Cloud
Immovables)
B. Prescription of Action
C. Who areAccession
* Reverse Entitled to- 12O
bringFC;
Action?
321 CC
D. Notes:
1.
3. There is a cloud on title to real property or al]y interest to
Over Movables
real property {Art. 476)
2. plai;tift has legal or equitable title to or interest in the
subjecty'real ProPerty
3. Instrument record claim, qtc. must be valid arld bilding on
its face but in truth arld in fact invalid, ineffective, voidable
or unenforceable
4. plaintiff must retum beneflts received fiom defendant
Cdse: Tibng t-). Coun of Appeots. G R No I1t 14I,
h 6, 1998
5. Actions to quiet title are proceedings quasi i4 rem
A. Definition
B. Characteristics
C. Differences between co-ownership and joint tenancy
D. Difference between co-ownership and partnership
E. Sources of co ownership
a. Law
b. Contract
c. Succession
d. Chance (Commixtion, hidden treasure)
e. Occupation (harvesting and frshing)
F. Rights of each co-owner as to thing owned in common:
G. Implications of co-owners right over his ideal share:
H. Rules on co-owrrership not applicabte to conjugal partrrership of gains or absolute community of property.
I. Special
A. rulesand
Definition on Concept
ownership ol differenl
(Art. 523) stories oI a house as
differentiated
B. Differencesfrom provisions
betwecn of Condomirium
a possession (Act No- 4726)
and occupation
J. Extinguishment
C. of co-ownership
Essential requisites of possession

a. Holding or contol of a thing or right (corpus) consists of, either;,

i. The material or physical holding or occupatlon either
ii. Exercise qf a right
iii. Constructive possession (intention to possess is very crucial)
cases:
Ramos v. Director of Lands, 39 Phil. 175
Director us. CA, l3O SCRA 9
b. Intention to possess (aninus possidendi)

D.
I. Degrees
H.Effects ofof
Acquisition holding
Possession
of Possessionor possession
E. 1.
Cases of possession:
In1.general,
Ways ofevery
acquiringpossessor has a dght
possession: (Art,to531)
be respected in his possession; if disturbed therein, possessor has right to be protected protected i! or
restoled 1. to
2. Possession
By
K. Presumptions said
whom for oneself,
possession
in may
favor of(Art.
possession or
539) possession
be acquired:
the possessor: exercised
(Arr. 532) in one's own
H.2. name
Obligations
Entitlemenf
3. What anddoofpossession
toUsufructuary
notfruits
affect in the name
- possessor
possession of another
in{Arts.
good 537, -1119)
faith/bad (Art-
faith524)
(Art. 544,549)
L. 3.
F. 2.
4. Possession
Reirnbursement
Rights
Possessionof Usufructuary
Rules beinfor
to solve
may the concept
expenses
conflict
lost by: -ofpossessor
an owner(Art.
of possession inand
goodpossession
538)faith/badinfaith
the [Liability {or loss or deterioration of properry by
concept
1.
possessor
1. At
As thein of
to athing
holder
beginning
bad
the
a. Abandonment faith.and with
of its
{Art. the
fruitowrrership
usufruct
553; ot beforebelonging
552)] exercisingtothe another (Art 525)
Usufruct
3. During
2.
b. Possessicn
4. Possession a. Right
Assignment, in
themovable
of good
usufruct
toeither
possess faith
acquired
and
onerous arld possessioq
in
enjoy
or good
ttre (in in bad
concept
thing
gratuitous faiti
itself, of (Art.
fruits526)
itsowner) is equivalent to tide (Art. 559).
A. Concept -an(i
(Art.accessions
c. Destruction or total loss of thing or it goes out of commerce
562)
I.
B.1.
J. Atd.the
Effect of time termination
possession by in
-considerations
Fruit
Possession
Historical consist theofof
another; the
concept
natural, usufruct.
of ownerhasa]]d
industrial
if possession civillonger than one year; real right of possession not lost until after ten (10) years - subject to Art.
lasted
F.
5372.What
(acts things
To deliver ortolerated,
the
fruits
merely nghts
thing may be possessed.
in etc.)
usufruct (Art. 53O)
to the owner in the condition in which he has received it, ater undertaking ordinary repairs.
C. Characteristics of Usufruct
D. - Usufruct
Exception: abnormal
- As to hidden
distinguished usufruct.
beasure,
from lease; usufi"uctua4/
from servitudeis
K.
G. Extinguishment
What may not beofpossessed
considered Usufructuary
a stranger (Art.
by private
(Art. 603)
persons.
566; 436)
E.1.Classes
Death of
of Usufruct
Usufructuary
a. Res -Communes
Fr-uits pending at the beginnkrg of usufruct (Arts67)
J. 2. Experation
b. Property
Special Cases of
ofof
- Civil period
public ordomirrion
Usufructuary
fruits (Afl fulfillment
s. 569, 588) of resolutary condition imposed on usufruct by person constituting the usufruct.
3. Merger
c. Right
1. of
Usulruct rights
b. under
Rightover ofalease
usufruct
discontinuous
to pension the and naked
or and/or ownership
(Art.non-apparent
Penodical
thing ineasement
income (Art-
572) one570)
person
A.4.Definition
Renunciation
2. Usufruct
c. Right of property
of usufruct
to improve owned irr common
the thing (Art. 579) (Art 582)
B.5.Essential
Extinction
3.
2. Usufruct
As to or loss
Features
the of ofofright
head
legal property
easements/real
of cattle
usufruct servitude/praedial servitudes
{Art.591)
itself
C.6.Classilication
Termination
4. Usufructof ofover
right
Servitudesof personand
vineyards constituting
woodla]1ds the(Arts.
usufruct.
575-576)
D. 7. Prescription
General
5. rules
Usufruct relating
G. Rights of the naked owneron a to
right servitudes
of action (Art. 57Bl
H. Legal
E.8.Modes
What Easements
doAcquiring
of
6. Usufructnot cause
on moextinguishment
gaged propertyof(AIt.
Easements usufruct
600) (607-609)
1.
F. Law 7.Governing
Rights and Obligations
Usufmct legalanEasements
over of Owners
entire Estates(Art.
patrimony Dominant
598) and Servient
a.
G.For public
Modes easements
of extinguishment
- Liability of usufruchrary of Easements:
for debts
2. Private Legal Easements
8. Usufruct providedproperty
over deteriorable for by the New
{Art. 578)Civil Code
9. Usufruct over consumable property or (quasi-usufruct) Art.574
TOPICS
 HEADERS
BOOK III DIFFERENT MODES OF ACQUIRING OWNERSHIP (712)
TITLE I Occupation (713-720)
TITLE II Intellectual Creation (721-724)
TITLE III DONATION
CHAPTER 1 Nature of Donations
CHAPTER 2 Persons Who May Give or Receive a Donation
CHAPTER 3 Effect of Donations and Limitations Thereon
CHAPTER 4 Revocation and Reduction of Donations
TITLE IV SUCCESSION [ANOTHER TEXTBOOK]
TITLE V PRESCRIPTION [ANOTHER TEXTBOOK]
CHAPTER 1 General Provisions
CHAPTER 2 Prescription of Ownership and Other Real Rights
CHAPTER 3 Prescription of Actions
 CODALS
UIRING OWNERSHIP (712)
713-720)
ion (721-724)
ION
725-734
735-749
750-759
760-773
HER TEXTBOOK]
THER TEXTBOOK]
1106-1116
1117-1138
1139-1155
a. Original Modes
b. Derivative Modes

Kinds of Tradition
Intellectual Property Code ((Rep. Act No. 8293))
a. Real Tradition
Copyright & related rights SUB-CODAL
b.
Not Constructive
Trademarks
applicable & Tradition
to service
ownership: of a piece of land (Art. 714 CC)
marks
i. Symbolical
c. Geographic
Privilege delivery
to huntIndications
arld fish regulated by special law (Art. 715)
ii.
d. Delivery of
Industrial
Occupation Public
design
of a swarm Instrument
of bees or domesticated animals (Art' 716) - see also Art. 560
iii.Traditio
e. PatentsandLonga
Pigeons Manu
fish {Art. 717)
iv.
f. Traditio
Topographies
Hidden Brevi
treasure of Manu
integrated
(Att. 718) seecircuits
also Ar:ts. 438-439
v. Rights
g.
LostTraditio ofConstitutum
performers,
movables; procedure Possessorium
producers of sound
after finding recordings(Art
lost movables & broadcasting
779-720| orgs.
vi.Protection
h. Quasi-Tradition
of undisclosed information
A.
vii.
i. Nature of
Tradition
Laws repealedDonatIon
by operation - A bilateral contract creating unilateral
of law Property Code (Sec 239)
by the intellectual obligations on donor's, part
B.
PDRequisites
D. Who may not of donation:
49 Intellectual give or receive
Property donations - Art..735, 737,734,741, 742
Decree
C.
E.
RAWhoKinds asofamended
165 may donation
give or -receive
Patent donations
Law (Art' 736, 739 11027, lo32l,740,743' 744)
F.
RA Acceptance
166 as of donation
anended
A.
G. Revocation
Form distinguished from reduction of donations
of donations
ARTS
A.
B. ln 188/189
general OF RPC
H. Causes
B. what may
Special
of Reduction/Revocation
be donated
provisions
C. Revocation (only)
1. Ingratitude{Art.765)
2. Violation of condition
3. Effect of revocation or reduction (Art. 762, 764 par. 2,767)
4. Effect as to fruits {Art. 768)
TOPICS
HEADERS
CONCEPTS
CODALS