BIG BANG THEORY

The Big Bang theory is a cosmological model of the observable universe from the earliest known

periods through its subsequent large-scale evolution. The model describes how the universe expanded from
a very high-density and high-temperature state, and offers a comprehensive explanation for a broad range
of phenomena, including the abundance of light elements, the cosmic microwave
background (CMB) radiation, large-scale structure and Hubble's law (the farther away galaxies are, the faster
they are moving away from Earth). If the observed conditions are extrapolated backwards in time using the
known laws of physics, the prediction is that just before a period of very high density there was
a singularity which is typically associated with the Big Bang. Current knowledge is insufficient to determine
if the singularity was primordial.
1910s,Vesto Slipher and later, Carl Wilhelm Wirtz, determined that most spiral nebulae (now correctly
called spiral galaxies) were receding from Earth.
Also in that decade, Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity was found to admit no static
cosmological solutions, given the basic assumptions of cosmology described in the Big Bang's theoretical
underpinnings.
The first person to seriously apply general relativity to cosmology without the stabilizing cosmological
constant was Alexander Friedmann. Friedmann derived the expanding-universe solution to general
relativity field equations in 1922.Friedmann's equations describe the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–
Walker universe.
In 1927, the Belgian Catholic priest Georges Lemaître proposed an expanding model for the universe to
explain the observed redshifts of spiral nebulae, and calculated the Hubble law. He based his theory on
the work of Einstein and De Sitter, and independently derived Friedmann's equations for an expanding
universe.
In 1929, Hubble and Milton Humason formulated the empirical Redshift Distance Law of galaxies,
nowadays known as Hubble's law, which, once the redshift is interpreted as a measure of recession speed,
is consistent with the solutions of Einstein's General Relativity Equations for a homogeneous, isotropic
expanding space.
In 1931, Lemaître proposed in his "hypothèse de l'atome primitif" (hypothesis of the primeval atom) that
the universe began with the "explosion" of the "primeval atom" — what was later called the Big Bang.
Lemaître first took cosmic rays to be the remnants of the event, although it is now known that they
originate within the local galaxy. Lemaître had to wait until shortly before his death to learn of the
discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation, the remnant radiation of a dense and hot phase in
the early universe.

MARIA ELLAH BELASOTO