CODE CALCULATIONS OUTPU

REFERENC T
E
EXAMPLE 15
DESIGN OF STEEL COLUMN BASEPLATE
Design a baseplate for the axially loaded column shown below assuming
it is supported on concrete of compression characteristic strength 30
N/mm2

AREA OF BASEPLATE
Effective area
𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 3000 × 103
𝐴𝑏𝑒 ≥ = = 1.666 × 105 𝑚𝑚2
𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 0.6 × 30

Actual area
𝐴𝑏𝑒 = (𝐵 + 2𝑐)(𝐷 + 2𝑐) − 2{(𝐷 − 2[𝑇 + 𝑐])([𝐵 + 2𝑐] − [𝑡 + 2𝑐]) }
1.666 × 105 = (306.8 + 2𝑐)(314.5 + 2𝑐)
− 2{(314.15 − 2[18.7 + 𝑐])(306.8 − 11.9)}
𝑐 = 84.6 𝑚𝑚
Minimum length of base plate=D+2c=314.5+2x84.6=483.7 mm
Minimum with of baseplate=B+2c=306.4+2x84.6=476 mm
Provide 500x500 baseplate in grade S275 steel
BASEPLATE THICKNESS
Assuming a baseplate thickness of less than 40 mm the design strength
𝑝𝑦𝑝 = 265 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 . The actual base plate thickness, 𝑡𝑝 , is
0.5
3𝜔 0.6 × 30 0.5
𝑡𝑝 = 𝑐 [ ] = 84.6 [3 × ] = 34.9 𝑚𝑚
𝑝𝑦𝑝 265

Hence, a 500 mmx500mmx35 thick baseplate in grade S275 steel should

be suitable

EXAMPLE 21
Beam-to-column connection using web cleats

1
Show that the double angle web cleat-to-column connection detail shown
below is suitable to resist the design shear force, V, of 400kN. Assume
the steel is grade S275 and the bolts are M20, grade 8.8 in 2 mm clearance
holes.

CHECK FASTENERS SPACING AND EDGE/END DISTANCES

Diameter of bolt, 𝑑𝑏 =20mm
Diameter of bolt hole, 𝐷ℎ =22mm
Pitch of bolt hole, 𝑝=140mm and 60 mm
Edge distance, 𝑒1 =40mm
Edge distance, 𝑒2 =60mm and 50mm
Thickness of angle cleat, 𝑡𝑝 =10mm

The following conditions need to be met:

𝑃𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ ≥ 2.5𝑑𝑏 = 2.5 × 20 = 50 < 140 𝑎𝑛𝑑 60 𝑂𝐾
𝑃𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ ≤ 1.4𝑡𝑝 = 14 × 10 = 140 ≤ 140 𝑎𝑛𝑑 60 𝑂𝐾
𝐸𝑑𝑔𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒, , , 𝑒1 ≥ 1.4𝐷ℎ = 1.4 × 22 = 30.8 < 40 𝑂𝐾
𝐸𝑑𝑔𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑒2 ≥ 1.4𝐷ℎ = 1.4 × 22 = 30.8 < 60, , , , 50 𝑂𝐾
𝑒1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑒2 ≤ 11𝑡𝑝 𝜀 = 11 × 10 × 1 = 110 < 40,50 𝑎𝑛𝑑 60 𝑂𝐾

For grade S275 steel with 𝑡𝑝 = 10𝑚𝑚, 𝑝𝑦 = 275𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 , 𝜀 = 1

Hence all is satisfactory

CHECK STRENGTH OF BOLTS CONNECTING CLEATS TO

SUPPORTING COLUMN
Shear
6 No. M20 grade 8.8 bolts. Hence 𝐴𝑠 = 245𝑚𝑚2 (table 4.22) and 𝑝𝑠 =
375𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 table 30. Shear capacity of single bolt, 𝑃𝑠 is
𝑃𝑠 = 𝑝𝑠 𝐴𝑠 = 375 × 245 = 91.9 × 10 = 91.9𝑘𝑁
Shear capacity of bolt group is
6𝑃𝑠 = 6 × 91.9 = 551.4𝑘𝑁 > 𝑉 = 400𝑘𝑁
Hence bolts are adequate in shear

2
Bearing
Bearing capacity of bolt, 𝑃𝑏𝑏 is given by
𝑃𝑏𝑏 = 𝑑𝑏 𝑡𝑝𝑏𝑏 = 20 × 10 × 1000 = 200 × 103 = 200𝑘𝑁
Since thickness of angle cleat (=10 mm)<thickness of column flange
(=23.8mm), bearing capacity of cleat is critical. Bearing capacity of cleat,
𝑃𝑏𝑠 , is given by
𝑃𝑏𝑠 = 𝑘𝑏𝑠 𝑑𝑏 𝑡𝑝𝑏𝑠 = 1 × 20 × 10 × 460 = 92 × 103 = 92𝑘𝑁
≤ 0.5𝑘𝑏𝑠 𝑒𝑡𝑝𝑏𝑠 = 0.5 × 1 × 60 × 10 × 460 = 138 × 103 = 138𝑘𝑁

Bearing capacity of connection is

6 × 92 = 552𝑘𝑁 > 𝑉 = 400𝑘𝑁

Therefore, the bolts are adequate in bearing

CHECK STRENGTH OF BOLT GROUP CONNECTING CLEATS

TO WEB OF SUPPORTED BEAM
Shear
6 No., M20 grade 8.8 bolts; from above, 𝐴𝑠 = 245𝑚𝑚2 and 𝑝𝑠 =
375𝑁/𝑚𝑚2. Since bolts are in double shear, shear capacity of each bolt
is 2𝑃𝑠 = 2 × 91.9 = 138.8𝑘𝑁
Loads applied to the bolt group are vertical shear, V=400kN and moment,
𝑀 = 400 × 50 × 103 = 20𝑘𝑁𝑚
Outmost bolt (𝐴1 ) subject to greatest shear force which is equal to the
resultant of the load due to the moment, M=20kNm and vertical shear
force, V=400kN. Load on the outermost bolt due to moment, 𝐹𝑚𝑏 , is
given by
𝑀 20 × 103
𝐹𝑚𝑏 = 𝐴 = 𝐴 = 47.6𝑘𝑁
𝑍 420𝐴
Where A is the area of bolt and Z the modulus of the bolt group given by
𝐼 63000
= 𝐴 = 420𝐴𝑚𝑚2
𝑦 150
In which I is the inertia of the bolt group equal to
2𝐴(302 + 902 + 1502 ) = 63000𝐴𝑚𝑚4

Load on outermost bolt due to shear, 𝐹𝑣𝑏 , is given by

𝑉 400
𝐹𝑣𝑏 = = = 66.7𝑘𝑁.
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠 6
Result shear force of bolt, 𝐹𝑠 is
1 1
𝐹𝑠 = (𝐹𝑣𝑏 2 + 𝐹𝑚𝑏 2 )2 = (66.72 + 47.62 )2 = 82 𝑘𝑁
Since 𝐹𝑠 (= 82𝑘𝑁) < 2𝑃𝑠 (= 183.8𝑘𝑁) the bolts are adequate in shear
Bearing
Bearing capacity of bolt, 𝑃𝑏𝑏 , is

𝑃𝑏𝑏 = 200𝑘𝑁 (𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒) > 𝐹𝑠 𝑂𝐾

Bearing capacity of each cleat, 𝑃𝑏𝑠 is
𝑃𝑏𝑠 = 92𝑘𝑁 (𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒)

Bearing capacity of both cleat is

3
 2 × 92 = 184𝑘𝑁 > 𝐹𝑠 𝑂𝐾
Bearing capacity of the web,
𝑃𝑏𝑠 = 𝑘𝑏𝑠 𝑑𝑏 𝑡𝑝𝑏𝑠 = 1 × 20 × 10.6 × 460 = 97.52 × 103 = 97.52𝑘𝑁

> 𝐹𝑠 𝑂𝐾
Hence bolts, cleats and beam web are adequate in bearing

SHEAR STRENGTH OF CLEATS

Shear capacity of a single angle cleat, 𝑃𝑣 , is
𝑃𝑣 = 0.6𝑝𝑦 𝐴𝑣 = 0.6 × 275 × 3600 × 103 = 594𝑘𝑁
Where (clause 4.2.3)

𝐴𝑣 = 0.9𝐴𝑜 = 0.9 × 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘. 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑡 (𝑡𝑝 ) × 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑡(𝑙𝑝 )

= 0.9 × 10 × 400 = 3600𝑚𝑚2
𝑉
Shear force 2 (= 200𝑘𝑁) < 𝑃𝑣 (= 594 𝑘𝑁) angle is adequate in shear

BENDING STRENGTH OF CLEATS

𝑉 400
𝑀 = × 50 × 10−3 = × 50 × 10−3 = 10 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2 2

Assume moment capacity of one angle of cleat, 𝑀𝑐 , is

𝑀𝑐 = 𝑝𝑦 𝑍 = 275 × 266.7 × 103 = 73.3 × 106 = 73.3𝑘𝑁𝑚 > 𝑀

2
𝑡𝑝 𝑙𝑝 10×4002
Where 𝑍= = = 266667𝑚𝑚2 Angle cleat is
6 6
adequate in bending

LOCAL SHEAR STRENGTH OF THE BEAM

Shear capacity of the supported beam, 𝑃𝑣 ,
𝑃𝑣 = 0.6𝑝𝑦 𝐴𝑣 = 0.6 × 275 × 6383.3 = 1053.2𝑘𝑁 > (= 400𝑘𝑁)

Where 𝐴𝑣 = 𝑡𝑤 𝐷 = 10.6 × 602.2 = 6383.3𝑚𝑚2 . Hence supported

beam at the end is adequate in shear

EXAMPLE 22
Analysis of a bracket-to-column connection (BS 5950)
Show that the bolts in the bracket-to-column connection below are
suitable to resist the design shear force of 200kN. Assume the bolts
are all M16, grade 8.8

4
Since the bolts are subject to combined shear and tension, the bolts should
be checked for shear, tension and combined shear and tension separately

SHEAR
Design shear force, P=200kN
Number of bolts, N=8
Shear force/bolt, Fs=P/N=200/8=25kN

Since capacity of bolt, Ps, is

𝑃𝑠 = 𝑝𝑠 𝐴𝑠 = 375 × 157 = 58.9 × 103 = 58.9𝑘𝑁 > 𝐹𝑠 𝑂𝐾
TENSILE CAPACITY
Maximum bolt tension, 𝐹𝑡 𝑖𝑠
2
𝐹𝑡 = 𝑃𝑒𝑦1 /2 ∑ 𝑦
𝐹𝑡 = 200 × 250 × 370/2(702 + 1702 + 2702 + 3702 )
= 38𝑘𝑁
Tensile capacity, 𝑃𝑛𝑜𝑚 is
𝑃𝑛𝑜𝑚 = 0.8𝑝𝑡 𝐴𝑡 = 0.8 × 560 × 157 = 70.3 × 103 𝑁
= 70.3 × 𝑘𝑁 > 𝐹𝑡 𝑂𝐾

COMBINED SHEAR AND TENSION

Combine check:
𝐹𝑠 𝐹𝑡
+ ≤ 1.4
𝑃𝑠 𝑃𝑛𝑜𝑚

25 38
+ = 0.96 ≤ 1.4 𝑂𝐾
58.9 70.3

Hence the M16, grade 8.8 bolts are satisfactory

EXAMPLE 23
ANALYSIS OF BEAM SPLICE CONNECTION

5
Show that the splice connection shown below is suitable to resist a
design bending moment, M, and shear force, F, of 270 kN and 300 kN
respectively. Assume the steel grade is S275 and the bolts are general
grade, M22, parallel shank HSFG. The slip factor, 𝝁, can be taken
as 0.5. Assume that (1) flange cover plates resist the design bending
moment, M and (2) web cover plates resist the design shear force, F,
and the torsional moment (=Fe), where e is half the distance between
centroids of the bolts group either side of the joint.

FLANGE SPLICE
Check bolts in flange cover plate
Single cover plate on each flange. Hence the bolts in the flange are
subject to single shear and must resist a shear force equal to
𝑨𝒑𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒆𝒅 𝒎𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝑴 𝟐𝟕𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎𝟑
= = = 𝟓𝟖𝟐. 𝟒 𝒌𝑵
𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒍 𝒅𝒆𝒑𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒇 𝒃𝒆𝒂𝒎 𝑫 𝟒𝟔𝟑. 𝟔

Slip resistance of single bolt in shear, 𝑃𝑠𝐿 , is

𝑃𝑠𝐿 = 1.1 𝐾5 𝜇𝑃0 = 1.1 × 1.0 × 0.5 × 177 = 97.3 𝑘𝑁
(𝑃𝑜 = 177 𝑘𝑁, 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 4.24
Since thickness of beam flange (=17.7 mm)> thickness of cover plate (=15
mm), bearing in cover plate is critical.

Bearing capacity, 𝑃𝑏𝑔 , of cover plate is

1.5𝑑𝑏 𝑡𝑝𝑏𝑠 ≤ 0.5𝑒𝑡𝑝𝑏𝑠

1.5𝑑𝑏 𝑡𝑝𝑏𝑠 = 1.5 × 22 × 15 × 460 = 227.7 × 103 𝑁

𝑝𝑏𝑠 = 460 × 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 , 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 4.21
0.5𝑒𝑡𝑝𝑏𝑠 = 0.5 × 40 × 15 × 460 = 138 × 103 𝑁

Shear capacity of the bolts after slip, 𝑃𝑠 , is

𝑃𝑠 = 𝑝𝑠 𝐴𝑠 = 400 × 303 × 10−3 = 121.2 𝑘𝑁 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡

Where 𝐴𝑠 = 𝐴𝑡 = 303𝑚𝑚2 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 4.22

6
Hence shear strength based on slip resistance of bolts. Slip resistanct of 8
No. M22 bolts=8PsL=8x97=778.4 kN> shear force in bolts=582.4 kN.
Therefore the 8 No., M22 HSFG bolts provided are adequate in shear.

Check tension capacity of flange cover plate

Gros area of plate, 𝛼𝑔 , is
𝛼𝑔 = 180 × 15 = 2700𝑚𝑚2
Net area of plate, 𝛼𝑛 is
𝛼𝑛 = 𝛼𝑔 − 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡 ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠
= 2700 − 2(15 × 24) = 1980𝑚𝑚2
Force in cover plate, 𝐹𝑡 , is
𝑀 270 × 103
𝐹𝑡 = = = 564.1 𝑘𝑁
𝐷 + 𝑇𝑓𝑝 463.6 + 15
Where 𝑇𝑓𝑝 is the thick ness of flange cover plate=15 mm
Tension capacity of cover plate, Pt, is
𝑃𝑡 = 𝛼𝑒 𝑝𝑦 = 2376 × 275 = 653.4 × 103 𝑁 = 653.4𝑘𝑁
Where
𝛼𝑒 =𝐾𝑒 𝛼𝑛 = 1.2 × 1980 = 2376𝑚𝑚2
Since
𝑃𝑡 > 𝐹𝑡 , cover plate is ok in tension

Check compressive capacity of flange cover plate

Top cover plate in compression will aslo be adequate provided the
compression flange has sufficient lateral restraint
WEB SPLICE
Check bolts in web splice
Vertical shear 𝐹𝑣 = 300𝑘𝑁
Torsional moment =𝐹𝑣 𝑒𝑜 ( where 𝑒𝑜 is half the distance between the
centroid of the bolts groups either sid of the joint in accordance with
assumption (2) above
= 𝟑𝟎𝟎 × 𝟒𝟓 = 𝟏𝟑𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝑵𝒎𝒎
Maximum resultant force 𝑭𝑹 occurs on outermost bolts, e.g. bolt A,
and is given by the following expression:
𝑭𝑹 = √𝑭𝟐𝒗𝒔 + 𝑭𝟐𝒕𝒃
Where 𝑭𝒗𝒔 is the force due to vertical shear and 𝑭𝒕𝒎 the force due to
torsional moment.
𝑭𝒗 𝟑𝟎𝟎
𝑭𝒗𝒔 = = = 𝟕𝟓𝒌𝑵
𝑵 𝟒
𝑻𝒐𝒓𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒎𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 × 𝑨𝒃
𝑭𝒕𝒎 =
𝒁𝒃
Where
𝑨𝒃 are of single bolt
𝒁𝒃 Modulus of the group which is given by

7
 𝑰𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒂 𝒐𝒇 𝒃𝒐𝒍𝒕 𝒈𝒓𝒐𝒖𝒑 𝟐𝑨𝒃 (𝟓𝟎𝟐 + 𝟏𝟓𝟎𝟐 )
= = 𝟑𝟑𝟑. 𝟑𝟑𝑨𝒃
𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒇𝒖𝒓𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒔𝒕 𝒃𝒐𝒍𝒕 𝟏𝟓𝟎

Hence
𝟏𝟑𝟓𝟎𝟎𝑨𝒃
𝑭𝒕𝒎 = = 𝟒𝟎. 𝟓 𝒌𝑵
𝟑𝟑𝟑. 𝟑𝟑𝑨𝒃
And
𝑭𝑹 = √𝟒𝟎. 𝟓𝟐 + 𝟕𝟓𝟐 = 𝟖𝟓. 𝟐𝒌𝑵
From above, slip resistance of M22 HSFG bolt, 𝑷𝒔𝑳 = 𝟗𝟕. 𝟑𝒌𝑵. since
two cover plates are present, slip resistance per bolt is
𝟐𝑷𝒔𝑳 = 𝟐 × 𝟗𝟕. 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟗𝟒. 𝟔 𝒌𝑵 > 𝑭𝑹
Therefore, slip resistance of bolts in web splice is adequate
Similarl, shear capacity of bolt in bouble shear,
𝑷𝒔 = 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟐𝟏. 𝟐 = 𝟐𝟒𝟐. 𝟒 𝒌𝑵 > 𝑭𝑹
Therefore, shear capacity of bolts in web splice slip is also adequate.
Check web of beam
The forces on the edge of the holes in the web may give rise to bearing
failure and must therefore be checked. Here e=edge distance of web and
40.5
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = , 𝜃 = 28.37°
75
45 45
𝑒= = = 94.7
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 0.475

Bearing capacity of web, 𝑷𝒃𝒈, is

= 1.5𝑑𝑏 𝑡𝑝𝑏𝑠 ≤ 0.5𝑒𝑡𝑝𝑏𝑠
0.5𝑒𝑡𝑝𝑏𝑠 = 0.5 × 94.7 × 10.6 × 460 = 230.9 × 103 = 203.9 𝑘𝑁
= 1.5𝑑𝑏 𝑡𝑝𝑏𝑠 = 1.5 × 22 × 10.6 × 460 = 160.9 × 103 𝑁 = 160.9𝑘𝑁
160.9𝑘𝑁 > 𝑭𝑹
Hence web of beam is adequate in bearing
Check web cover plates
The force on the edge of the holes in the web cover plates may give rise
to bearing failure and must therefore be checked. Here e=edge distance
for web cover plates and 𝜃 = 28.37°. Thus
40 40
𝑒= = = 45.5
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 0.88

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Bearing capacity of on plate is
= 1.5𝑑𝑏 𝑡𝑝𝑏𝑠 ≤ 0.5𝑒𝑡𝑝𝑏𝑠
0.5𝑒𝑡𝑝𝑏𝑠 = 0.5 × 45.5 × 10 × 460 = 104.7 × 103 = 104.7 𝑘𝑁
= 1.5𝑑𝑏 𝑡𝑝𝑏𝑠 = 1.5 × 22 × 10 × 460 = 151.8 × 103 𝑁 = 151.8𝑘𝑁

Thus bearing capacity of a single web plate=104.7 kN and bearing

capacity of two web plates=2x104.7=209 kN>FR. Hence web cover
plates are adequate in bearing.
Check web cover plates for shear and bending
Check shear capacity. Shear force applied to one plate is
𝐹𝑣 300
= = 150 𝑘𝑁
2 2
Torsional moment applied to one plate is

150 × 45 = 6750 𝑘𝑁 𝑚𝑚 = 6.75𝑘𝑁𝑚

Shear capacity of one plate, 𝑃𝑣 , is

𝑃𝑣 = 0.6𝑝𝑦 𝐴𝑣 = 0.6 × 275 × 0.9 × 10(380 − 4 ×× 24)
= 421.7𝑘𝑁 > 150 𝑘𝑁
Where 𝐴𝑣 = 0.9𝐴𝑛 . Hence cover plate adequate in shear
Check moment capacity
Since applied shear force (=150 kN)<0.6 Pv=253 kN, moment capacity,
𝐼
𝑀𝑐 = 𝑝𝑦 𝑍 where 𝑍 = 𝑦

9
 3803
Referring to above diagram, I of plate=10 × 12
− 2(10 × 24)1502 =
337 × 105 𝑚𝑚2
𝐼 337 × 105
𝑍= = = 177 × 103 𝑚𝑚2
𝑦 190
𝑀𝑐 = 𝑝𝑦 𝑍 = 275 × 177 × 103 𝑁𝑚𝑚 = 48.7 𝑘𝑁𝑚 > 6.75𝑘𝑁𝑚
Hence web cover plates are adequate for bending.
EXAMPLE 24
Analysis of a beam-to-column connection using an end plate
Calculate the design shear resistance of the connection shown below.
Assuming that the steel grade S275 and bolts are M20, grade 8.8 in 2 mm
clearance holes.

CHECK FASTENERS SPACING AND EDGE/END DISTANCES

Diameter of bolt, 𝑑𝑏 =20mm
Diameter of bolt hole, 𝐷ℎ =22mm
Pitch of bolt hole, 𝑝=120mm
Edge distance, 𝑒1 =35mm
Edge distance, 𝑒2 =50mm
Thickness of angle cleat, 𝑡𝑝 =10mm

The following conditions need to be met:

𝑃𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ ≥ 2.5𝑑𝑏 = 2.5 × 20 = 50 < 120 𝑂𝐾
𝑃𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ ≤ 1.4𝑡𝑝 = 14 × 10 = 140 > 120 𝑂𝐾

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 𝐸𝑑𝑔𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒, , , 𝑒1 ≥ 1.4𝐷ℎ = 1.4 × 22 = 30.8 < 35 𝑂𝐾
𝐸𝑑𝑔𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑒2 ≥ 1.4𝐷ℎ = 1.4 × 22 = 30.8 < 50 𝑂𝐾
𝑒1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑒2 ≤ 11𝑡𝑝 𝜀 = 11 × 10 × 1 = 110 > 35 𝑎𝑛𝑑 50 𝑂𝐾

For grade S275 steel with 𝑡𝑝 = 10𝑚𝑚, 𝑝𝑦 = 275𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 , 𝜀 = 1

Hence all is satisfactory

BOLT GROUP STRENGTH

SHEAR
8 No., M20 grade 8.8 bolts, As=245N/mm2 (table 4.22) and ps=375
N/mm2 (table 4.19)
Shear capacity of single bolt, Ps, is
𝑃𝑠 = 𝑝𝑠 𝐴𝑠 = 375 × 245 = 91.9 × 103 = 91.9 𝑘𝑁
Shear capacity of bolt group is
8𝑃𝑠 = 8 × 91.9 = 735𝑘𝑁
BEARING
Bearing capacity of bolt, 𝑃𝑏𝑏 , is given by
𝑃𝑏𝑏 = 𝑑𝑏 𝑡𝑝 𝑝𝑏𝑏 = 20 × 10 × 1000 = 200 × 103 = 200 𝑘𝑁
End plate is thinner than column flange and will therefore be critical.
Bearing capacity of end plate, 𝑃𝑏𝑠 , is given by

𝑃𝑏𝑠 = 𝑘𝑏𝑠 𝑡𝑝 𝑝𝑏𝑠 ≤ 0.5𝑘𝑏𝑠 𝑒1 𝑡𝑝 𝑝𝑏𝑠

0.5𝑘𝑏𝑠 𝑒1 𝑡𝑝 𝑝𝑏𝑠 = 0.5 × 1 × 50 × 10 × 460 = 115 × 103 = 115 𝑘𝑁
= 1.5𝑑𝑏 𝑡𝑝𝑏𝑠 = 1 × 20 × 10 × 460 = 92 × 103 𝑁 = 92𝑘𝑁
Hence bearing capacity of connection == 8 × 92 = 736 𝑘𝑁

END PLATE SHEAR STRENGTH

𝐴𝑣 = 0.9𝐴𝑛 = 0.9𝑡𝑝 (𝑙𝑝 − 4𝐷ℎ ) = 0.9 × 10 × (460 − 4 × 22)
= 3348𝑚𝑚2
Shear capacity assuming single plane of failure, 𝑃,𝑣𝑝 , is
𝑃,𝑣𝑝 = 0.6𝑝𝑦 𝐴𝑣 = 0.6 × 275 × 3348 = 552.4 × 103 = 553.4 𝑘𝑁

Shear capacity assuming two failure planes is

2𝑃𝑣𝑝 = 2 × 552.4 = 1104.8 𝑘𝑁

WELD STRENGTH
Fillet weld of 6 mm provide. Hence
𝑙𝑒𝑔 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ, 𝑠 = 6𝑚𝑚
Design strength, 𝑝𝑤 = 220𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 (assuming electrode strength=42𝑁/
𝑚𝑚2 , table 4.25)
Throat size, a=0.7s=0.7x6=4.2mm
Effective length of weld, 𝑙𝑤 is
𝑙𝑤 = 2(𝑙𝑝 − 2𝑠) = 2(460 − 2 × 6) = 896 𝑚𝑚
Hence design shear strength of weld, 𝑉𝑤 is
𝑉𝑤 = 𝑝𝑤 𝑎𝑙𝑤 = 220 × 4.2 × 896 = 828 × 103 𝑁 = 828 𝑘𝑁
LOCAL SHEAR STRENGTH OF BEAM WEB AT THE END PLATE

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 𝑃𝑣𝑏 = 0.6𝑝𝑦 𝐴𝑣 = 0.6 × 275(0.9 × 10.6 × 460) × 10−3
= 724 𝑘𝑁

Hence, strength of connection is controlled by shear strength of beam

web and is equal to 724 kN
EXAMPLE 25
Analysis of a welded beam-to-column connection
A grade S275 steel 610x229x101 UB is to be connected, via a welded end
plate onto a 356x368x177 UC. The connection is to be designed to
transmit a bending moment of 500 kNm and a shear force of 300 kN.
Show that the proposed welding scheme for this connection is adequate

Leg length of weld, s=10mm. Effective length of weld is

4(𝑙𝑤 − 2𝑠) + 2(ℎ𝑤 − 2𝑠) = 4(225 − 2 × 10) + 2(570 − 2 × 10)
= 1920𝑚𝑚

𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 300

𝑊𝑒𝑙𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = = = 0.16 𝑘𝑁/𝑚𝑚
𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑒𝑙𝑑 1920

Weld second moment of area, 𝐼𝑥𝑥 , is

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 𝐼𝑥𝑥 = 4[1 × (𝑙𝑤 − 2𝑠)]𝑦12 + 2[1 × (ℎ𝑤 − 2𝑠)3 /12]
= 4[(205)]293.52 + 2[1 × (550)3 /12
= 98365812 𝑚𝑚4
Weld shear (moment) is
𝑀𝑦 500 × 103 × 293.5
= = 1.49 𝑘𝑁/𝑚𝑚
𝐼𝑥𝑥 98365812
Where
𝐷 587
𝑦= = = 293.5 𝑚𝑚
2 2
Vectored force = √1.492 + 0.162 = 1.5 𝑘𝑁/𝑚𝑚
Since the steel grade is S275 and the electrode strength is 42, the design
strength of the weld 𝑝𝑤 = 220𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 (table 4.25).

Weld capacity of 10 mm fillet weld, 𝑝𝑤𝑐

𝑝𝑤𝑐 = 𝑎𝑝𝑤 = 0.7 × 10 × 220 × 10−3 = 1.54 𝑘𝑁/𝑚𝑚
> 1.5𝑘𝑁/𝑚𝑚 𝑂𝑘

Where throat thickness of weld, a=0.7s=0.7x10mm

Hence proposed welding scheme is just adequte

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