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Metabolism and Metabolic Enzymes in Archaea

This document discusses metabolism and metabolic enzymes in Archaea. It explains that Archaea can metabolize sugars like glucose through either the Embden-Meyerhof pathway or the Entner-Doudoroff pathway to convert them into pyruvate. The fate of pyruvate can then be to produce organic end products through fermentation, or to be completely oxidized to CO2 through the citric acid cycle. The catabolism of amino acids is also discussed. Key metabolic enzymes that catalyze reactions in these pathways are described.

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Tabassum Yousaf
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66 views6 pages

Metabolism and Metabolic Enzymes in Archaea

This document discusses metabolism and metabolic enzymes in Archaea. It explains that Archaea can metabolize sugars like glucose through either the Embden-Meyerhof pathway or the Entner-Doudoroff pathway to convert them into pyruvate. The fate of pyruvate can then be to produce organic end products through fermentation, or to be completely oxidized to CO2 through the citric acid cycle. The catabolism of amino acids is also discussed. Key metabolic enzymes that catalyze reactions in these pathways are described.

Uploaded by

Tabassum Yousaf
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SBS-713

Archaea, the third domain of life

Metabolism and Metabolic enzymes in


Archaea

Dr. Mehwish Aslam Lecture 3


Last lecture
• Archaeal timeline
• How Archaea survive in extreme environment
• Bacteria and Archaea – Differences
• Archaeal cell wall
• Archaeal cell membrane
Metabolism
• Central Metabolism - links catabolism and anabolism
• The degradative pathways by which these nutrients are metabolized are
known as “catabolic” routes,
• whereas the biosynthetic pathways are referred to as “anabolic” routes.
• Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya - metabolism variations are observed that
reflect different lifestyles and requirements.
• The conventional Embden-Meyerhof (EM) pathway is perhaps the most
widely recognized
• There is considerable variability in the route of glucose catabolism in different organisms,
• Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway was revealed in Pseudomonas
saccharophila in 1952
• Organisms from all three domains of life have been shown to possess ED-
type pathways, often alongside the EM pathway.
Archaeal Metabolism
• The conversion of sugars to pyruvate, and
• then the metabolic fate of pyruvate,
• Either to organic end products
• Or to CO2 by complete oxidation via the citric acid cycle.
• Growth on acetate as this may involve in an additional cyclic
pathway, the glyoxylate cycle.
• The catabolism of amino acids
• In the Archaea, EM and ED pathways, and variations and
combinations thereof, represent the predominant routes for
glucose catabolism.
Metabolism of Monosaccharides to Pyruvate
• All three domains of life have the ability to metabolize glucose to pyruvate.
• regardless of whether an organism grows anaerobically or aerobically, heterotrophically or auto-
trophically, or whether it employs fermentative metabolism.
• There is considerable variability in the route of glucose catabolism in different organisms
ENO, enolase
FBPA, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase
GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
GAPN, nonphosphorylating
GAPOR, GAP:Fd oxidoreductase
GLK, glucose kinase
HK, hexokinase
PEPS, PEP synthetase
PFK, phosphofructokinase
PGI, phosphoglucose isomerase
cPGI, cupin-type phosphoglucose isomerase
PGAM, phosphoglycerate mutase
PK, pyruvate kinase
PPDK, pyruvate:phosphate dikinase
ROK, hexokinase of the repressor protein
PGI/PMI, phosphoglucose isomerase/
phosphomannose isomerase
G6P, glucose 6-phosphate
F6P, fructose 6-phosphate
F1,6BP, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
DHAP, dihydroxyacetone phosphate
GAP, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
1,3BPG, 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
3PG, 3-phosphoglycerate
2PG, 2-phosphoglycerate

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