ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to dedicate my gratitude to those who helped me in all the ways during my Industrial
Training period to gain knowledge and experience, by providing their support, guidance and resources.
I wish to express my sincere thanks to Eng. K.H.M.A.K. Kehelella, Resident Engineer of
Ibbagamuwa-Kumbukgete-Madagalla Road project and who helped me in making my industrial
training successfully, especially Industrial Training and Career Guidance Unit of the Faculty of
Engineering, University of Peradeniya, all the officials of National Apprentice and Industrial Training
(NAITA) and Road Development Authority for offering me this great opportunity.

i
CONTENTS

Acknowledgement i
Contents ii
List of Figures iii
List of Tables iv
List of Abbreviations v

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1
Chapter 2 ABOUT THE PROJECT 4
2.1 Scope of the Project 4
2.2 Proposed Improvements to Culverts 4
Chapter 3 ROAD CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCES 5
3.1 Classification of Road 5
3.2 Typical Road Cross Section 6
3.3 Back Filling 11
Chapter 4 CONCRETE STRUCTURES 12
4.1 Culverts 12
4.2 Drains 15
Chapter 5 TESTS 16
5.1 Field Density Test (Sand Cone Test) 16
5.2 Dynamic Cone Penetrometer Test (DCP) 18
5.3 Liquid Limit Test 20
5.4 Slump Test 21
5.5 Concrete Cube Test 21
5.6 Extraction Test 22
5.7 Sieve Analysis 23
5.8 Proctor Test 24
5.9 Measuring Moisture Content 26
Chapter 6 CONCLUSION 27

ii
LIST OF FIGURES
Page No.
Figure 1.1 Organization chart of RDA 03
Figure 3.1 Typical road cross section 06
Figure 3.2 Filling of rock 06
Figure 3.3 Compacted Sub-grade 07
Figure 3.4 Compacted Sub-base 07
Figure 3.5 Laying ABC 08
Figure 3.6 Hole after cutting of core 10
Figure 3.7 Filling the hole after cutting core 10
Figure 3.8 Backfilling 11
Figure 4.1 Hume pipe culvert 13
Figure 4.2 Box culvert 13
Figure 4.3 Slab culvert 14
Figure 4.4 Drain 15
Figure 5.1 Excavating hole 16
Figure 5.2 Pouring sand 17
Figure 5.3 Heating soil sample 17
Figure 5.4 Performing DCP test 19
Figure 5.5 Graph of DCP test 20
Figure 5.6 Graph of liquid limit test 20
Figure 5.7 Slump test 21
Figure 5.8 Casting of concrete cubes 22
Figure 5.9 Pouring petrol to the mould 23
Figure 5.10 Collecting dry aggregate 23
Figure 5.11 Variation of dry unit weight vs. moisture content 25
Figure 5.12 Compacting the soil 25

iii
LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1 Proposed improvements to culverts 04

Table 3.1 Requirement of sub-base 07
Table 3.2 Grading requirement for sub-base 08
Table 3.3 Requirements of ABC 09
Table 3.4 Grading requirements for ABC 09
Table 5.1 Grading requirements for Coarse aggregate for Concrete 24
Table 5.2 Grading requirements for Fine Aggregate for Concrete 24

iv
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

Abbreviation Description
ABC Aggregate Base Course
ADG Assistant Director General
AIV Aggregate Impact Value
CBR California Bearing Ratio
CE Chief Engineer
DCP Dynamic Cone Penetrometer Test
DG Director General
ENG Engineer
FI Flakiness Index
Gr. Grade
IKM Ibbagamuwa – Kumbukgate – Madagalle
LAAV Loss Angeles Abrasion Value
LL Liquid Limit
LP Liquid Petroleum
LTD Limited
MDD Maximum Dry Density
NWP North Western Province
OMC Optimum Moisture Content
PD Provincial Director
PI Plasticity Index
Rd Road
RDA Road Development Authority
RE Resident Engineer
TO Technical Officers