LAS-XD 614 TCVN- TIEU CHUAN QUOC GIA TCVN 6355-178 : 2009 Xuat ban kin 4 GACH XAY - PHUONG PHAP THU Bricks - Test methods HA NOI - 2009 dt a Ae asLai néi dau TCVN 6355-148 : 2009 thay thé TCVN 6255 : 1998 TCVN 6355-148 : 2009 do Vién Vat ligu xay dying - BO Xay dung bién soan, BO Xay dun nghi, Téng Cyc Tiéu chudn Do luting Chat Iugng thém dinh, BG Khoa hec va Céng nghé cng b6, TCVN 6355-148 : 2008 Gach xay — Phuong phap thi’, gém 8 phan Phén 1: X4c dinh kich thuéc va khuyét tat ngoai quan Phan 2: Xac dinh cutng do nen Phan 3: Xac dinh cuting d udn, Phén 4: Xéc dinh dé hut nuéc Phan 5: Xac dinh khél Ivgng thé tich Phan 6: Xac dinh dé réng Phan ‘Ac dinh vét trée do vai Phan 8: X4e dinh sy thoat mudiTIEU CHUAN QUOC GIA TCVN 6355-1 : 2009 Xuat ban lan 4 Gach xay ~ Phuong phap thir a i Phan1: Xac dinh kich thudc va khuyét tat ngoai quan Bricks - Test methods Part 1: Determination of dimensions and visible defects 1 Pham vi ap dung Tiéu chudn nay quy dinh phung phap xac dinh kich thuée va khuyét t&t ngogi quan, d3i véi cac losi gach xay. 2 Thiét bj, dung cy Thuse do ¢6 49 chinh xéc t6i 0,1 mm (thude c8p, thuge la, thuBe thang) 3. Chuan bi mau thér Ly theo ting loai gach quy dinh trong cdc tibu chun san pdm tucng tng, 4 Cach tign hanh ~ Bo kich thud chiéu dai (I), chiéu rng (w), ehigu déy (h) cla vign gach nhu so 6 inh 1 tal ba vit Khe nhau (hai dau va gidta canh) rai lay gid tr] trung binh, ~ Bo chiéu day thanh ngoai 18 réng (e) vién gach nhv so dé Hinh 4 tai 3 diém khdc nhau ~ Bo chigu day véch ngan gid ce 6 réng (4) vién gach nhu so 46 Hinh 1 sao cho gid trido dign cla gid tr cue tiéu, ~ Bo d5 cong vénh (c, 9, t) cia vién gach nhu sa aé Hinh 2 ~ Bo chiéu dai (s) céc vét sit cia vien gach nurse a6 Hinh 3 ~ Bo chiéu dai vét nét (n) cia vin gach nhurso a6 Hinh 3 ~ Ghi ai efc két qua 48 do cho timg mau thy, chinh xéec dén 0,1 mm. ~ Ghi loi cde nhan xét'vé kich thuée, chat lugng bé mat sn phéim va khuyét tat (néu cé). Hinh 1- M6 3 do kich thuéc cla vién gachTCVN 63551 : 2009 iz] a NIN Hinh 2- M6 ta do dé cong vénh trén bé mat vién gach Hinh 3- M6 ta do vet sit, nit cla vién gach 5 Bao cdo thirnghiém Bao gdm nhitng thong tin sau: > dae diém ota mau the, “= ténphing thitnghigm; Giéu kién va mol trang thir nghié a thong s6 trong qué tinh thir va ket qua t * _¢8c ghinhan khde trong qua tinh thisnghigm; gay va nguéitién hanh thit nghiém; > vign dn tiéu chudn nay.TIEU CHUAN QUOC GIA TCVN 6355-2 : 2009 Xuat ban lin 4 Gach xay - Phuong phap thir Phan 2: Xac dinh cuéng dé nén Bricks - Test methods Part 2: Determination of compressive strength 1 Pham vidp dung Tiéu chudn nay quy dinh phuang phédp xc dinh cutng 46 nén cho cc loai gach xay. 2. Tai ligu vign dan Cac tai ligu vién dln sau cn dp dung déng thei tiéu chudn nay, Déi véi tai liu vien dan cd ghi nam ban hanh thi 4p dung ban duge néu, 861 v6i tai ligu vign d&n khong ghi nam ban hanh thi 2p dung phién ban m6i nhat, bao gém cd ban sta déi (néu 6). TCVN 6260: 2009 Ximéng pode lng hén hop - Yéu céu ky thuat. 3 Nguyén tac ‘Dat mBu thi tén may nén va nén dn khi bj pha huy. Tu Ive pha huy lén nhat va dign tich mat ep tinh cutng 46 nén cba mu thi 441 May nén thuy life €6 thang Ive phil hop (lye phd vO t 10 % dén 90 % gid tr Ion nha cle thang Wye). Sai s6 cita may khong In han + 2% May cua a8 ct mu tht 4.3 Thuse do 06 4B chinh xéc 161 1 mm. 44 Cc migng kinh c6 kich thuéc phi nop dé lam phing vita trét mau, 4.5 Bay, chao 4é tron vite xi mang. 5 Chuan bj mau thir 5.1 Chuén bj t6i thigu 5 vién gach nguyen dat yéu edu ngoai quan (theo TCVN 6355-1 2009) a8 lam mau tht, 5.2 Cach cét miu nhu sau: ~ Vila gach ob chiéu dy nd hon 3/4 chigu rng (gach slat, gach da, gach ring lar ok... Mi thitnén [a 2 nita cla vién gach nguyén duoc cat ngang va chéng lén nhau, hai déu cat nam va hai phia kha nhau (xem Hinh (a)TCVN 6355-2 : 2009 19 416 va céc loai gach phi tiéu chudn, ‘i 4 kigh tutéc, bao gém gach ron nbn - Véi clog gach ob ket oul 18 5 nda ea § vién gach nguyén, Mal vign gach nguyén duge cat ngang $20 : Bee 1 di vidn gach nguyen & 1 cm, Chiéu rng va chigu dy mu th emu na ‘vi sai I@ch kich thuée hai anh fa + em (xem bang mét nia chié chigu dy vidn gach nguyén. Tit éign ép [6 inn vubng, Hinh 1(b) va Hinh 1(€). ir vidn gach vio nube 2 dén § min, Si dung xi mang phi hop TCVN 6260 : 2002 5.3 Ngim cde ni s cché tgo hd xi mang - c&t dé c6 cutng 46 nén ¢ tudi 3 ngay khong nhd hon 16 MPa. | ag LP ie eB. B ° ae = LF aa) | 2a ae 2a aa tla) tb) U0) Hinh 1 - Mau thir cubng 46 nén = Ding hé hose vita 68 chudn bj trén dé tral phing hai mat tlép wie vél may ép ola mau this Sau 66 ding migng kinh ph3ng ca hai mat sao cho khang 6 vét lm va bot khi. Chiéu déy Idp trat khéng Ién hon 3 mm, Hai mat trét phal phang va song song nhau. 5.4 Sau khi trat, mu duge dat trong diéu kién phong thi nghigm (nhiét 46 va 46 dm théng thuong) khong it hon 72 h r6i dem di this, Khi nén mau thité trang thai 2m ty nhién 5.5 Khi cdn thitnhanh, o6 thé pha phy gia déng rén nhanh vio hé xi mang hoe ding xi mang ahdm, thach cao dé tt mu thi. Khi 6 m&u this duce dt trong phing thi nghi8m khéng ft hon 24 h i dem thitnén. 5.6 Trong tring hyp cén xée dinh cutng d nén & trang thai bao ho’ nue thi cUng chuéin bi nhu trén ‘va cho phép ding 5 nita cd Iai vai loai gach king tréng 461 dé thiTGVN 6355-2 : 2009 6 Cach tign hanh 4 Do kis thu hal mat tip xc véi may nén cba mau thir chinh xée én 1 mm. Kich tnube moi chieu cola mu this dug tinh b&ng trung binh céng gia tj ola 3 lan do: 2 Jan d canh va 1 lan 6 giva, 6.2 Dat mu sao cho tam mau thit tring t3m nén dudi cla may nén. Téo d9 tang lye nén phat deu va tw 0,2 MPa dén 0,3 MPa trong 1 s dén khi mu thir bj pha huj hoan toan (tie Ia kim ding hé ouay tré lai). 7 Tinh két qua 7.4 Ba bén nén (R,) ella mau thi! dugc tinh bing MPa, theo cng this: Pp s trong dé P la luc nén phd huy mau, tinh bang Niu ton (N); $a gid ti trung binh cng tét dign oi hal mat ép, tinh b&ng milimét vudng {mm*) Két qua a gid tr trung binh céng ca 5 mu thi, chinh xc dén 0,1 MPa 7.2. Néu 1 trong 5 két qua cudng a6 nén sai léch qué 35 % gia trung binh céng két qua cua § mau thi mau 6 bi loai bd, Khi 46 két qua 1 gid tr rung binh céng olla 4 mau cdn lai. Nu cé 2 trong 5 kat qua sal Iéch qua méc trén thi phai lay mau khac va tién hanh thir Iai. Két qua ln thi hai duoc coi ta kat qua cudi cling, 7.3 V6i mau thir c6 chiéu cao khong nhé han 2 lén chidu rong thi két qua duge nhén voi hé sé 8 Bao céo thi nghi¢m Bao gém nhimg théng tin sau: dae diém cla mau this, {én phong thi nghiém; vién dan tigu chuén nay.AN QUO! -3 : 2009 TIEU CHUAN QUOC GIA TCVN 6355-3 Xuat ban lan 4 Gach xay — Phuong phap thir Phan 3: Xae dinh cudng do uén Bricks - Test methods Part 3: Determination of bending strength 1 Pham vi ap dung ‘Tieu chun nay quy 6inh phuiong phép xe dinh cubng & usn cho cac taal gach xAy. 2. Tailigu vign dan Cée tai igu vign d&n sau cn ap dung Géng thai tiéu chudin nay. ‘Déi vi tai ligu vidn dan co anh thi 4p dung ban duge néu. 96i v6i tai liéu vier dn khéng ghi nam ban hanh thi 4p dun: mdi nhat, bao gém cf ban sia adi (nv <6). nam ban TOWN 6260 : 2008 Ximing pode lang hén hop - Yéu céu ky thus. 3. Nguyén tée ‘Bat mu thirlén hai gi dd cla may thir usin. Tae dung ive lén mau qua gGt an truyén thi. Tle pha hu Wn nhl (P), khong cach xée dinh git 2 g6i 68 (L) va chigu réng (w) ve chidu c (h) ota mau thi tinh cung 46 uén (R,) ota méu thi ja mau 4 Thiét bj, dung cu 4.4 May thit uéin (Hinh 1) 6 du’ng kinh cde g6l fan khong nhé hon 20 mm, chiéu cl cae g6i lan Kndng nnd hon chiéu réng mu thit (theo chiéu rng kich thu ella mau thi). 4.2. Thude do c6 0 chinh xac 161 1 min. 4,3 Cac miéng kinh phil hgp 4é la phng vie trét mau, 44° Bay, cho 46 tron vita xi mang. 5 Chudn bj mau thir 5.1. Méu pha dém béo vé yéu céu vé Isy mau cho ting ogi gach xay. 5.2. 86 lugng mu thir uén 1a 5 vidn gach nouyén, Chigu thit udin la chi8u o6 kich thute Dé nhét cla miu th. 5.3 Noam mu thir vo nutéc ti min dén 5 min, Sit dyng xi mang phU hgp TCVN 6260 : 2009 ché tao hd xi mang hoe vila xi mang ~ eat (kich thutic hat cat khong qua 1 mm) dé cho cutng d6 nén 4 1udi 3 ‘nga khéng nhé hon 16 MPa, Ding va irén é tral ba vi tri dat g6i lan. Sau dé ding miéng kinh dé laTOVN 6355-3 : 2009 phing céc ché trét, sao cho khong o6 vét lor va bot kh, Chiéu day lép trat khong Jon hon 3 mm, chiéy rong Wp ttt” 20 mm 48n 30 mm. se Sauk at, mB ge Ot trong au hen mB evBng pang thi nem (ah ién. t 66 va 60 Sm thong shbng) Khng& han 72 rl dom thi kh én mas c6 mt ‘5.5. Khicdn thirnhanh, 6 thé pha phy gle dng ran nhanh veo hé ximang hoae ding xi mang nhom. tach cao, Ki a6 mBu thir uge 63 trong phong tinghiém kone & hon 26 rl dem th us 5,6. B6i voi gach silcat, cho phép khéng cf ti 5.7 Béi vei gach cb 15 rng Khong xuyen ust rng & phia du 5,8. Cén dénh déu od vi tf g6i lan & mat can mu thd via 63 vitritrén, ‘neo chigu eo, khi thi ubin pha dat phan gech cO 1 CHU DAN: Mu thi, Gea toy ie; Géilan di dong: G6 an c6 in Dai we xi mang, Hinh 4 - So dé thir eudng d@ ud 6 Céch tién hanh 6.4 Bo kich thuée mu thir chinh xae t61 1 mm. Chiu cao mBu thi l& gié tri tung binh cng 2 'én do chigu cao 2 mat canh 3 khodn gidta mu. tht (khang tinh cl dy lbp trat). Chiéu rng mBu thi 18 gid tr] trung binh cing 2 tén do chigu rong mat trén ve mat dui é khong gilza mau tht 6.2 Dat mau thi len 2 g6i lan sao cho cdc géi an tgp xtc hét vo phén vita trat. Khodng céch giva 2 (96 tan ti 150 mm dn 200 mm, Gét fn truy chal d gita khong céch 2 g6i lan 4. 7 Tinh két quaTCVN 6355-3 : 2009 = Cuing do uén tung mau thi (R,), tinh bang MPa, theo cdng thi: $.P.4 R 2.w. he trong dé: P la t8i trong pha huy mu, tinh bang Niuton; Lf khoding.céch giv hai g6i dui, tinh bang milimét w la chigu rong mu th, tinh bang milimét; hid chiéu cao mau thi, tinh bang milimét, - Két qua la gia trl trung binh cng két qu3 cla § m&u tht, chinh xée dn 0,1 MPa. this, thi = N6u 66 4 trong 5 két qua cuting d6 udn sai lech qua 50 % gid tr trung binh eéng cia § mi ‘mau thi dé bi loai bd. Khi 66 két qué cuéng 46 ud Ia gia tri trung binh cng ca 4 mau con la, NEU co 2 trong 5 két qua cudng do usin sal Igeh qua mute trén thi phai lay mau khéc am lai 8 Bao céo thitnghiém Bao gém nhiing théng tin sau’ + dc diém ofa mBu thes + ten phang thir nghiém; = digu kign va mol tru’ng this nghigm; ~ cde théng $6 trong qué trinh thir v8 két qua thd, ~ ce ghi nh khée trong qua trinh thls nghiém; > _ngay va ngud ign han thir nghiem; > vign d&n tleu chun nay.TIEU CHUAN QUOC GIA TCVN 6355-4 : 2009 Xuat ban lan 4 Gach xay - Phuong phap thir Phan 4: Xe dinh d6 hut nuoc Bricks ~ Test methods Part 4: Determination of water absorption 1 Pham viép dung TTiéu chun nay quy dinh phuong phap xéc dinh d hat nude cho cat ogi gach dat sét nung, Tieu chudn nay khéng 4p dung cho gach dt sét khong nung 2 Nguyen tac Ngam mau thir d8 duge sy khd vao nut cho ti Khi bao hoa. Xae dinh ty Ie phn tram (ues nue hat vao ¢0 v6l kh} lugrg mu khd. 3° Thiét bi, dung cu 3.4. Ti say t61 200 °C 66 iéu chin niet <6. 3.2. Cinkg thuat c6 09 chinh xéc tt gem 3.3. Thang hoac bé ngam mau. 4° Chuan bj mau thir 4.4. Chuéh bj t6l thidu 5 vién gech nguyén dat yéu edu ngoei quan (theo TCVN 6355-" : 2008) dé iam smu thi. C6 thé sit dung 5 nita con igi sau khi thir outing 46 nén dé lam mau thi 4.2 Ding ban chai quét sach mu thiz, Say mAu @ nhigt 66 105 °C dan 110 °C én khdi lvong ngay va ngudi tién hanh ther nghiém; > vign dn tiéu chudn nay,TIEU CHUAN QUOC GIA TCVN 6355-7 : 2099 Xuat ban lan 4 Gach xay - Phuong phap thtr Phan 7: Xac dinh vét troc do voi Bricks - Test methods Part 7: Determination of pitting due to lime 4 Pham vi 4p dung Tigu chudn nay quy dinh phuong phép xac inh vét tréc nd ra do vOi d6i vai cac logi gach xay fam tir oat sét nung, Tigu chudn nay c6 thé ap dung cho cae san pha gdm tho xnée. 2 Nguyén tic ‘Dat mau thir vao noi c6 dO 2m tls 96 % Gen 100 % trong 48 h. Sau dé dém va do kich thute cae vet tréc do v6i nd ra. 3. Thiétbj, dung cy 3.1 Thing hodc bé gli 4m c6 np day 6é duy tri d dm ti 95 % dén 100 %, trong thing c6 uGi theo 68 631 méu, 3.2 Thuée do c6 dO chinh x&c t6i 1 mm. 4 Chuan bj mau thir Chudin bj ti thigu 5 vign gach nguyén dat yéu céu ngoai quan (theo TCVN 6355-1 : 2009) dé lam mau thik, CHU THICH: C6 thé st! dung mau tir sau khi xSc enh sy tht musi theo TCVN 6355-8: 2009 68 tien hin shi 5. Céch tin hanh ~ 86 nuéc vao thing ho&e bé, mute nud: thing hoac bé va d8 théi gian git 4m la 48 h, ~ Sau 48 h, ky mBu ra r6i dm va do Kich thtte cde vat tréc do vbi né ra 6 08 6 mat cla mau id dui ludi thép. Hat mau thir [én trén ludi thép. Day n&p. = Bo chiéu dai, rong vet tréc do vai cia vign gach, = Ghi Iai cdc két qua dém va do cc vél tric do vai nd,TCVN 6355-7 : 2009 6 Bao cdo thitnghiém Bao gém nhiing théng tin sau: ac diém cba mBu this, tén phong thir nghiém; = diéukién va mal trudng this nghiém; ac théng sé trong qua trinh thir va két qua thd, cdc ghi nhan kha trong qua trinh thir ngniém; = ngay va nguitién han thir nghiém; = vign dn titu chudin nay,: TEU CHUAN quéc GIA TCVN 6355-8 : 2009 ‘i Xuat ban lan 4 Gach xay - Phuong phap th Phan 8: Xc dinh sy thoat mudi Bricks — Test methods Part 8: Determination of effloressence 1. Pham vi 4p dung Tidu chudn nay quy dinh phutcng phap xc dinn sy thodt mu6i hoa tan o6 trong eA loai gach xay lam ty at sét nung. 2 Nguyén tac Noam mét du m&u tht vao nub sinh hoat trong 7 ngay dém. Sau d6 sAy khd r6i xem x mudi qua sy thay 461 mau sic m&u thi so vei mau chudn. 3. Thiét i, dung ey cH DAN 1. Muth 3.L8 chy tran 2 Khey 4, Binh nutic h 1~ Thiet bj thir sy thoat mudi 3.4 Khay chia nuée bang nhya hoac tn trang kém 06 chiéu cao Khong nhé han 30 mm, Tyén thanh khay, 66 cao 25 mm + 3 mm c6 mgt 18 cho nuéc chéy tran, Trén khay c6 mét binh nube dé ty dng duy trl mye nuée trong khay 1a 25 mm # 3 mm. : 3.2 Ban chai 3.3 Ti sijy tdi nhi8t 45 200 °C, c6 aiéu chinh nhiét 46.Tv 635.8: 2009 4. Chun bj mau thir 4.4 Chudn bi ti thigu 5 vién gach nguyén dat yéu edu ngoai quan (theo TCVN 6355-1 : 2009) de lam mau thit : ‘4.2 Ding ban chai quét sach nhung chat ban cinh vao mau this. Sdy mau d nhigt 46 105 °C dén 410 % t6i knot lugng khong di (thing thung thd gian sy khong nbd hon 24 h). 43 D8t cd 10 miu thir va noi khd rdo va dé ngudi ti nhi8t 66 phong thi nghiém. 5 Cach tién hanh 5.1 Bat 5 mBu thir G8 khd va ngudi theo chiéu thing ding vao khay. Khoang céc gilfa cac méu thir khong nhé hon 50 mm. Khay duge é&t & phang thi nghiém nei kh6 va thoéng gi6. Cdn 5 méu thi vén dug d8t 6 noi khd rao. 6 utc sach vao khay va duy tri mue nutic trong khay ngép mot pnd mau 1d 25 mm £3 mm trong 7 ngay dém. 5.1 Sau 7 ngay dém lay may ra va sdy 3 nhiét 4 105°C dén 110 °C t6i khéi lugng Khong déi. Sau dé am ngugi méu tai nhigt 45 phéng thi nghiém. Ot 5 mau thir 68 ngam va s€y kh canh § m&u con ia thes timg céip dé so sanh sy thoat mudi bang mau sdc, 6 Danh gia két qua 6.4 Quan sat kj cdc mat cla tiimg mau thi. Néu mau sc cla mau thif khong ¢6 suthay ddi so vdi may cling c&p thi mau 46 khéng ¢6 su thoat mudi. 6.2 Néu mau séc ola mu thir cé su thay di so véi mu cing c&p, sau 46 ding xa 3.m dud anh sing ‘hung ma lal khong phat hign thay thi mu dé c6 su thot muéinhe, 6.3 Theo Digu 6.2 ma vin phat hign ra thi mau 66 06 su'thoat mudi via, 7 Bao cdo thir nghiém Bao gém nhing thong tin sau: = d&e diém cita mau the, tn phéng tit nghigm; > diéu kién va mol truéng this nghiém; cdc théng s6 trong qué trinh thir va két qua thi + ce ghi nhén kha trong qua trinh thernghigm; niga va ngutifién hah thir nghiém: + vin dn tity chuan nay,