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(12) United States Patent ( 10) Patent No.: US 9,995 ,507 B2

Norman et al. (45 ) Date of Patent: Jun . 12 , 2018
(54 ) SYSTEMS FOR COST -EFFECTIVE (56 ) References Cited
CONCENTRATION AND UTILIZATION OF
SOLAR ENERGY U . S . PATENT DOCUMENTS
514 ,669 A 2 / 1894 Allingham
( 75 ) Inventors: Richard Norman , Sutton (CA) ; 811 ,274 A 1/ 1906 Carter
Philippe Dauphin , Montreal (CA ) ; (Continued )
Frederick de St. Croix , Black Creek
(CA ) FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
(73 ) Assignee : Richard Norman , Sutton , QC (CA ) GB 2467197 A 7 /2010
WO 02097341 12 /2002
@ (Continued )
( * ) Notice : Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
patent is extended or adjusted under 35 OTHER PUBLICATIONS
U .S .C . 154 (b ) by 1013 days .
Duane C . Johnson , Update on Heliostats Arrays from Red Rock
(21) Appl. No.: 12 /424 ,393 Energy, Red Rock Energy , Dec . 1, 1998 , http :// replay.web .archive.
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org / 19981201064840 /http :/www .redrok .com /up970331 .htm .
(22 ) Filed : Apr. 15 , 2009 (Continued )
Primary Examiner — Alexander Kollias
(65 ) Prior Publication Data (74 ) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Anglehart et al.
US 2010 /0263709 A1 Oct. 21, 2010 (57) ABSTRACT
The present invention is primarily directed to cost- effective
systems for using large reflective elements that track the sun
(51) Int. C1. on two axes to concentrate solar energy onto a receiver that
F243 2 /54 ( 2006 .01) can convert the sun 's optical energy to a form usable for
F243 2 /07 ( 2006 .01 ) extensive displacement of combustion of fossil fuels . The
(Continued ) structures of the tracker frame, tracking mechanism and
(52 ) ???
U .S . CI. tracker supports are co -optimized with the optical elements
............... F243 2 / 542 ( 2013.01); F243 2 /07 and the receiver for high efficiency, low cost, and ease of
( 2013.01); F24J 2 /12 (2013 .01 ); F242 2/ 145 assembly , making moderate and large- scale implementa
( 2013 .01) ; tions cost-competitive with fossil fuels for peak power, and,
with suitable storage , for base -load power and dispatchable
( Continued ) peaking power in sunny locations. Improvement to small
(58 ) Field of Classification Search tracker two - axis systems and one -axis tracking systems that
CPC .. F243 2 /07; F243 2 / 5232; F243 2/5233 ; F24J focus in two dimensions are also included , as are improve
2/ 542 ; F24J 2 / 5239 ; F24J 2/ 145 ; ments in systems for space -based solar power.
(Continued ) 18 Claims, 108 Drawing Sheets

120

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 US 9,995 ,507 B2
Page 2
(51) Int. Cl. OTHER PUBLICATIONS
F243 2 / 12 (2006 .01 ) International Preliminary Report on Patentability PCT/CA2010 /
F24J 2 /52 (2006 .01) 000500 .
HOIL 31/ 054 (2014 .01) PCT Demand and Article 34 amendment.
F243 2 / 14 ( 2006 .01) Mills et al., “ Multi Tower Solar Array Project” , Proc . Solar HArvest
conference 40th annual ANZSES conference, Nov . 27 - 29 , 2002 ,
F243 2 /04 ( 2006 .01) Newcastle, Australia , Accessed on the internet Aug. 5 , 2010 (URL
(52 ) U .S . CI. http ://www .solar1.mech .unsw . edu .au /glm /papers/
Mills _multitower _newcastle.pdf).
CPC . .......... F242 2 /5232 (2013 .01) ; F242 2 /5233 International Search Report.
(2013.01) ; F244 2 /5239 (2013.01); F24J Sandia 's Sunshine to Petrol project seeks fuel from thin air — Sandia
2 /5417 ( 2013 .01) ; HOIL 31/0547 ( 2014 . 12 ) ; Labs Dec. 5 , 2007.
F24J 2002/ 0405 (2013.01) ; YO2B 10 / 20 Archimedes Palimpsest — Wikipedia Nov. 18, 2008.
John Tzetzes — Encyclopedia Britannica Nov. 17 , 2008.
(2013.01); YO2B 10 /70 (2013.01); YO2E 10 /41 Archimedes Death Ray Testing with Myth Busters — MIT Jan . 25 ,
( 2013.01); YO2E 10 /42 (2013.01 ); YO2E 10 /45 2006 .
Solar Energy Generating SystemsWikipedia Nov . 24 , 2008 .
( 2013 .01 ); YO2E 10 / 47 ( 2013 . 01 ) ; YO2E 10 /52
( 2013 .01) ; Y1OT 307/469 (2015 .04 ) CDO - 100 Concentrator Photovoltaic Cell — Boeing Spectrolab Apr.
24 , 2008 .
(58) Field of Classification Search Triple - Junction Terrestrial Concentrator Solar Cells — Boeing
CPC ........ F243 2 /5417 ; F243 2 /12 ; HO1L 31/0547 ; Spectrolab Dec . 9 , 2000 .
YO2E 10 /45 ; YO2E 10 /52 ; YO2E 10 /47 ; CTJ Photovoltaic Triple - Junction Solar Cell for Terrestrial Appli
YO2E 10 / 42 ; YO2E 10 /41; Y10T 307 /469; cations — Emcore Nov. 17, 2008.
M . Yamaguchi et al. Japanese Activities of R & D on III - V Concen
YO2B 10 / 70 trator Solar Cells and Modules 19th EUPVSEC Nov . 19 , 2008 .
USPC ............... 136 /246 , 259 , 126 /684 Ida Kubiszewski et al., Solar Furnace Odeillo Font-Romeu ,
See application file for complete search history . France - Encylopedia of Earth Jun . 14 , 2007 .
Solar Power Tower— Solar Paces Nov. 18 , 2008.
The History of Solar — U .S . Department of Energy Nov . 18 , 2008 .
References Cited BrightSource Solar Power Complex — Meta EfficientNov . 19 , 2008 .
(56 ) A Primer of CPV Technology - Sol Focus Mar. 2008.
U .S . PATENT DOCUMENTS Deger Tracker 7000NT Nov . 18 , 2008 .
Titan Tracker finishes a CPV project for the ISFOC — Titan Trackers
S . L . Jan . 22, 2009.
2 , 760,920 A 8/ 1956 Olsen Theodore G . Van Kessel et al. Extending Photovoltaic Operation
2 ,987, 961 A 6 / 1961 Cotton Beyond 2000 Suns Using Liquid Metal Thermal Interface With
4 ,011, 854 A 3/ 1977 Brantley et al. Passive Cooling IBMYorktown Heights, N . Y. Nov. 18, 2008.
4 ,065,053 A 12 / 1977 Fletcher et al. R .Woehl et al. Analysis of the Optical Properties of Screen - Printed
4 , 141,626 A 2/ 1979 Treyt1 and Aerosol- Printed and Plated Fingers of Silicon Solar Cells —
4 ,281 ,640 A 8 / 1981 Wells Fraunhofer, Germany Jul. 31, 2008 .
4 ,317 ,031 A 2 / 1982 Findell Luz II Solar Energy Development Center Solar Thermal Power
4 ,372 ,772 A 2/ 1983 Wood Plant Image Luz II Jun . 11 , 2008 .
4 ,395 ,581 A 7 / 1983 Girard Abengoa Solucar Plant Nov. 18 , 2008 .
4 ,678,292 A * 7 / 1987 Miyatani et al. ............. 359 /848
5 , 592 ,932 A 1 / 1997 Yeomans Multi Tower Solar Array - Research @ the Solar Energy Group
5 ,956 , 191 A 9 / 1999 Blackmon et al. Mar. 10 , 2009 .
6 ,485 ,152 B2 11/2002 Wood The Practical Solar Heliostat System - Practical Solar Mar. 10 ,
7 , 190 ,531 B2 3 /2007 Dyson et al. 2009 .
7 ,834, 303 B2 11/ 2010 Fatehi et al. C . E . Kennedy et al. Further Analysis of Accelerated Exposure
2004 /0118395 A1 * 6 / 2004 Rubbia et al. ............ 126 /694 Testing of Thin -Glass Mirror - National Renewable Energy Labo
2005 /0225885 A1 * 10 / 2005 Wright ........ 359 /871 ratory USA 2007.
2007 /0034207 AL 2/ 2007 Niedermeyer International Preliminary Report on Patentability for PCT/CA2010 /
2007 /0289622 Al 12 / 2007 Hecht 000500 dated Jun . 22 , 2011 .
2008/0100258 AL 5 / 2008 Ward International Search report for PCT/CA2011 /050501 dated Jan . 5 ,
2009/ 0277498 A1 11/ 2009 Angel 2012 .
Written Opinion for PCT/CA2010 /000500 dated Aug . 10 , 2010 .
FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS Written Opinion for PCT/CA2011/050501 dated Jan . 5 , 2012 .
Office action of Australian application 2010237550 dated May 19 ,
WO WO2007036199 A2 4 / 2007 2014 with related claims.
WO WO 2007108861 9 / 2007 PCT/CA2011/050501 International preliminary report dated Feb .
WO WO2009 /000071 12 /2008 19 , 2013 with related claims.
WO WO 2009026383 2 / 2009
WO WO2010033859 A2 3 / 2010 * cited by examiner
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