SkelGrid

ULTRACAPACITOR-BASED
TURN-KEY ENERGY
STORAGE SYSTEM FOR
POWER QUALITY
APPLICATIONS
Skeleton Technologies’ patented curved
Skeleton Lifetime Comparison Between
graphene is changing the world of energy
storage. Techologies’ SkelCap Ultracapacitors and Li-Ion Batteries

Our superior manufacturing technology

enables us to deliver ground-
products are 15+ YEARS 3-5 YEARS
BATTERY
breaking energy storage solutions with
market leading power and energy density. based on patented 1 000 000+ CYCLES 7 000 cycles

Our products are used across Batteries have higher energy density than ultracapacitors, but just looking at the numbers doesn’t tell
industries from automotive to aero curved graphene the whole truth. In fact, comparing the energy output throughout the lifetime of an ultracapacitor and a
battery, it is clear ultracapacitors provide higher lifetime energy output, not to mention higher reliability
space and everything in between.
and maintenance-free operation.

Ultracapacitors fill a need that traditional Competitive Advantage Over

power sources, such as batteries, never could.
Batteries utilise chemical processes that come
Other Ultracapacitor Manufacturers
Curved Graphene
with inherent limitations in power output,
recharge times, discharge cycles, and lifetime. Our cylindrical cells are avail-
Operating entirely on a physical level, our ultra- able in diameters of 40 mm

4x
capacitors are up to 60 times more powerful and 60 mm. Specific power
than batteries, and can charge and discharge performance is up to 110 POWER DENSITY
in only fractions of a second, making them kW/kg and specific energy VS COMPETITION
perfect for applications that require bursts of up to 6,8 Wh/kg with ESR
high power. They are incredibly power-dense as low as 0,11 mOhm - the
and compact products that reliably and safe- highest performance cylin-
ly deliver over a million cycles. Skeleton drical cell ultracapacitors on
Technologies’ ultracapacitors are likely to the market.
outlast the systems they are used in.
*Per IEC 62391-1

Ultracapacitors have the following benefits:

+ Extreme power density
+ Rapid charge transfer SkelCap Technical Parameters
+ Extraordinary durability of over 1 million
cycles What is remarkable about SkelCap cells is their power and energy density compared to the
+ Lifetime of 15 years or more competition. SkelCap cells possess significantly more power and energy in the same weight and
+ Cost-efficient volume than competing ultracapacitors.
+ Reliable even in extreme conditions
+ Safe operation with non-corrosive
PRODUCT VOLUME VOLTAGE ESR SPECIFIC SPECIFIC WEIGHT VOLUME
electrolyte NAME (DC) POWER ENERGY

SkelCap ultracapacitors enable engineers to SCA500 500 F 2.85 V 0.27 mΩ 110 kW/kg 5.1 Wh/kg 0.111 kg 0.079 L
come up with truly pioneering products improve SCA750 750 F 2.85 V 0.25 mΩ 96 kW/kg 5.8 Wh/kg 0.147 kg 0.107 L
energy efficiency and performance across the SCA1200 1200 F 2.85 V 0.13 mΩ 95 kW/kg 5.4 Wh/kg 0.253 kg 0.178 L
board. SCA1800 1800 F 2.85 V 0.12 mΩ 81 kW/kg 6.0 Wh/kg 0.337 kg 0.240 L
SCA3200 3200 F 2.85 V 0.11 mΩ 53 kW/kg 6.8 Wh/kg 0.533 kg 0.390 L
SkelRack SkelGrid Models
SkelRack
SkelGrid 1500 SkelGrid 1200 SkelGrid 1050 SkelGrid 520
SkelRack, like all Skeleton Technologies’
products, is based on the industry leading,
modules provide MAX POWER* 1500 kW 1200 kW 1050 kW 520 kW
1400 A
modularity for
MAX CURRENT* 5000 A 2500 A 1700 A
graphene-based SkelCap ultracapacitors.
NOMINAL POWER** 380 kW 220 kW 150 kW 75 kW
SkelRack’s advantages are numerous
starting from the industry standard 19” the SkelGrid NOMINAL CURRENT**
NOMINAL VOLTAGE
1250 A
612 V
750 A
612 V
500 A
612 V
250 A
612 V
size to the durable aluminum casing,
which enables modifications such as
ventilation, for example.
product family EFFICIENCY AT MAX POWER
EFFICIENCY, NOMINAL PWR
74.3%
93.1%
81.7%
95.9%
90.6%
97.2%
92.4%
98.6%
MODULES IN SERIES 6 6 6 6
MODULES IN TOTAL 6 6 6 6
SkelRack packs more power than any other
CELLS IN SERIES 216 216 216 216
similarly sized module on the market, providing
a size and weight advantage, not to mention a CAPACITANCE 14.8 F 14.8 F 14.8 F 14.8 F
more affordable price due to less modules being *Max power and max current are short period peak power and peak current
**Nominal power and current are the rated values for the switchgear used in the system
needed for applications that might require dou-
ble the amount of competing modules.

As a building block for the SkelGrid product Diesel Generator

family, SkelRack modules are designed for
power quality and backup power applications as
Applications
well as to provide starting and bridging power
for diesel generators. + Starting and bridging power
for diesel
Peak power supply, voltage and frequency
generators.
+ Enabling the switch from
regulation, and generator starting and power
stand-by to offline mode
bridging require high currents in seconds, and
for gensets, resulting in
SkelRack is designed to do just that, respond to
decreased fuel consumption
high power needs in milliseconds.
and carbon emissions.
+ Enabling continuous
operation for variable speed
generators
SkelRack Technical Parameters

PRODUCT NAME SMR102089A

VOLTAGE 102 V Industrial Power
ESR (DC 10MS) 4,8 mOhm Quality Applications
ESR (AC 1KHZ) 5,9 mOhm
SPECIFIC POWER + Voltage & frequency
18,9 kW/Kg
(MATCHED IMPENDANCE*) regulation
WEIGHT 28,8 Kg + Short-term backup power
+ Bridging power
VOLUME 29,6 L
 Benefits of Ultracapacitors Compared Li-Ion batteries
The containerized SkelGrid operates at
the megawatt level, offering extreme Extreme
peak shaving solutions for massive LIGHTER 3-4X INSTANT CHARGING AND
power grids, expanding the lifetime of the peak shaving for AND SMALLER THE LIFETIME 1 MILLION LIFECYCLES
grid by protecting it from sudden, high
power demand surges.
50+ MW grids

3-5 YEARS

15 YEARS
High Power
SkelGrid Container
Hybrid energy LI-ION
BATTERY
ULTRA-
CAPACITOR
LI-ION
BATTERY
ULTRA-
CAPACITOR
LI-ION
BATTERY
ULTRA-
CAPACITOR

ENERGY [KW/H]:* 16.18 storage with + Significantly lower space + No need for maintenance - + Installation size can be
NOMINAL VOLTAGE and weight requirements ultracapacitors are optimized
RANGE [V]:**
714-357
second-life + Low internal resistance
means less need for
extremely reliable
+ Ultracapacitors operate
+ Ultracapacitors respod
to continuous power
CAPACITANCE [F]: 304
TOTAL NUMBER OF
MODULES:
168 batteries to cooling effectively at extreme
temperatures from -45
demand without
overheating
to +65 OC degrees
cover short- and
MW Peak Power
Discharge Times
long-term power Lifetime Estimation and Comparison with Competitor Cells
PEAK
POWER
DISCHARGE
t(s)
PEAK
CURRENT
needs If Skeleton cells were substituted for ultracapacitor cells with higher ESR (0.3 mOhm vs
0.11 mOhm) but comparable rated voltage and capacitance, the working temperature of the
[MW] [kA] module would reach the upper limit of working temperature within less than 200 000 cy-
cles. Hence, the system would need to be scaled up for the same performance – for example,
1 58.09 2.8
2 28.18 5.6 adding two modules in series for a higher operating voltage or a whole second parallel string.
2,7 20.62 7.5
3 18.47 8.4 At the designated power levels at 20 oC ambient temperature the operating temperature of
4 13.61 11.2 the SkelGrid system starts at approximately 38 oC. The system reaches its lifetime end
5 10.70 14.0 condition of double the ESR at after approximately 1.33 M cycles when the working
6 8.76 16.8 temperature of the system has reached 57 oC.
7 7.37 19.6
8 6.33 22.4
9 5.52 25.2
10 4.88 28.0
11 4.35 30.8
12 3.91 33.6
13 3.54 36.4
14 3.22 39.2
15 2.94 42.0
16 2.70 44.8
17 2.49 47.6
18 2.30 50.4
19 2.13 53.2
20 1.98 56.0
30 1.02 84.0
33 0.85 92.4
40 0.55 112.0
60 0.10 168.6
Skeleton Technologies GmbH
Sales and Headquarters
Schücostraße 8, Großröhrsdorf 01900, Germany
infos@skeletontech.com www.skeletontech.com