Proiect Civile 2 Final

Caprioara Claudiu Civil Engineering 2 - Project Group 3308
PROJECT THEME
Design a reinforced concrete shear wall multi-storey building(B+G+4).

The project consists in some elements of design for a building that can have one of the
following destinations:
- block of flats;
- hotel;
- students accommodation building.
The building has B+G+4 and it is placed in urban area on a land with the natural slope
of 2% and connected to the city services facilities.
The structure will have:
pedestrian or non pedestrian reinforced concrete flat roof;
- monolithic or precast reinforced concrete shear walls combined with
lamellar frames;
- reinforced concrete floor slabs and stairs;
- elastic cross beam or mat concrete foundations under the load bearing
walls and columns.
The envelope of the building consists of:

- load-bearing walls of reinforced concrete or non load-bearing walls of hollow
brick or cellular concrete block masonry protected on the external face with al layer of
efficient thermo insulating materials (fireproofed expanded polystyrene for face wall, mineral
wool rigid plates, extruded polystyrene etc.);
- ventilated or un-ventilated could (insulated) terrace roof;
- the ground floor plate over unheated basement will be insulated on the ceiling
of the basement;
- the doors and windows can be of multi-layer wood or PVC profiles with
thermal insulating double or triple glassed window panels with Low CTE float glass. The
windows will be provided with ventilating systems or with three opening positions in order to
provide a adequate thermal protection and natural ventilation of the indoor space;
- the staircase is insulated and heated.
The project must contain information and details about:

- the type and the composition of structural and for envelope elements ( walls,
columns, floors, foundations, and roof);
- the joints of the main structural and for envelope elements;
- the heat conservation capacity of the building;
- the structural performance under the load combination that contain dead,
snow, live loads and seismic action.
The thermal and structural design and the constructive details of the elements already
mentioned.
Water supply will be made by joining the water network on the street of the
authorization obtained from Apa Vital S.R.L.
Electricity supply will be made from the electricity network, with authorization obtained from
“E-on”.The sewerage will be made by joining the sewerage network of neighborhood.
1
The heating will be made by connecting to the thermic network of the neighborhood or
individually by central heating.
The structural strength is rigid, ensured by diaphragms, masonry walls, reinforced

concrete slabs and reinforced concrete basement walls .The stairs are made up of monolithic
reinforced concrete.The slab over the basement and over the floors will be made of reinforced
concrete, the thickness will be 10 cm and will be reinforced with steel nets.Exterior painting
will be carefully chosen function of the volumetric of the building and of the neighboring
buildings: white and yellow plaster, PVC windows, metallic doors.Interior paintings will be
chosen such that the exterior-interior chromatic sensation to be a fine one. For the livings
rooms we will use a white, creamy washable lime and for the bathrooms, kitchen , halls we
will use marble assorted with the wall painting (light brown or teal).
The thickness of the load bearing walls must satisfy the following criterion:
- Structural safety
- Thermal insulation
- Soundproofing
- Fire protection
The project consists of the following elements:
A. Written part :
1. The project theme;
2. Project content;
3. Technical report;
4. The design of the walls and roof for hygrothermal conditions:
- the general factor of heat loos G,
- estimation of water vapour condensation risk in the envelop structure;
5. The assessment of loads and design load combination;
6. The computation of the cross shear walls sectional characteristics;
7. Stress and strain analysis for the cross shear walls.
B. Drawings :
1. Current floor plan, scale 1:50,
2. Ground floor plan (building access detail), scale 1:50,
3. Cross section through the staircase, scale 1:50,
4. Roof plan, scale 1:100,
5. Constructive details, plan, scale 1:5, 1:10.
2
Technical Report
This project consists mainly of designing a block of flats with basement, ground floor
and 4 floors. Now we shall determine the inner space area.
A dwelling could accomplish many functions, being determined by biological and

psychological needs of people, which could be grouped in 4 categories:
- biological needs: food, hygiene assurance, rest, sleep;

- social and professional activities: study, lecture;
- entertainment activities;
- auxiliary needs: traffic, cleaning.
To assure the optimal surfaces for rooms, we must take into account the purpose of
every room. In the case of a villa, which is ment to assure a higher degree of confort, bigger
surfaces must be used.
3
Building geometrical characteristics determination
A1=area of the plate over de basement

A1=225,5 m2
A2=area of the plate of last floor
A2= A1=225,5 m2
A3=area of the exterior walls
A3=777,9 m2
A4=area of the framework
A4=141,4 m2
AT=envelope of the building
AT= A1+ A2+ A3+ A4=1370.3 m2
V=the volume of the building
V=3269,75 m3
4
The design of the walls and roof

for hygrothermal conditions
R - the unidirectional specific thermic resistance, in the area without thermal

bridges,where the element is composed of one or more layers of material considered
homogenious(without thermal bridges),including layers of unventilated air, all disposed
perpendicular to the direction of the air flow.
R=Rsi+∑d/λ+Rse [m2 *K/W]
Ri = 0.123 (outer walls) , 0.167(inferior slab) , 0.125(superior slab)
Re=0.06(outer walls,inferior slab) , 0.04(superior slab);
Exterior Walls
Thermal
No. Material layer Layer thickness [m] conductivity d/λ
(λ)[W/mK]
1 1/αi - - 0,125
2 Lime plaster 0,02 0,87 0,023
3 Brick masonry 0,2 0,46 0,435
4 Rigid mineral wool 0,1 0,05 2,000
5 Cement plaster 0,02 0,93 0,022
6 1/α2 - - 0,042
thermal resistance ΣR= 2,646>1,80
5
Plate over the basement - cold floor
Thermal
(λ)[W/mK]
1 1/αi - - 0,167
2 Marble 0,015 3,48 0,004
3 Mortar bead 0,03 0,93 0,032
4 R.C. Slab 0,1 1,74 0,057
6 Ceiling plaster 0,015 0,87 0,017
7 1/α2 - - 0,084
Plate over the basement – warm floor
Thermal
(λ)[W/mK]
1 1/αi - - 0,167
2 Hardwood floor (Oak) 0,024 0,41 0,059
3 Extruded polystirene 0,06 0,044 1,364
4 Vapour barier 0,005 0,17 0,029
5 Mortar bead 0,05 0,93 0,054
6 R.C. slab 0,1 1,74 0,057
8 Ceiling plaster 0,015 0,87 0,017
9 1/α2 - - 0,084
6
Terrace roof
Thermal
(λ)[W/mK]
1 1/αi - - 0,167
2 Plaster Ceiling 0,03 0,87 0,034
3 R.C. Slab 0,1 1,74 0,057
4 Sloping layer 0,06 0,93 0,065
5 Water vapour barrier 0,005 0,38 0,013
7 Waterproof layer 0,005 0,38 0,013
8 Protecting 0,1 0,17 0,588
layer(bitumen)
9 1/α2 - - 0,084
7
Thermal bridges
A thermal bridge represents a area of the buildings envelope where the thermic flow is
in one direction and it is influenced by:
- the partial or total penetration of the building elements with different thermic
conductivity;
- thickness alternation of the construction element;
- alternation between the interior and exterior areas of the surfaces.
Types of thermal bridges:
a) Vertical thermal bridges:
- bridge of outer corner - R.V. outer corner (symmetric bridge)
R.V. - Outer corner
Bridge length= Hheated
Intinrasds Ψ1 = Ψ2 = 0,05 W/m
- brigde of inner corner – R.V. inner corner (symmetric bridge)
R.V. – Inner corner
Ψ1 = Ψ2 = 0,01 W/m
8
b) Horizontal thermal bridges
- current bridge R.V. current (T)
R.V. current (T)
Ψ1 = Ψ2 - 0,02 W/m
- R.O. nonsymmetric eave
R.O. eave
Bridge length=Pslab
Pslab= the
perimeter of the
superior slab at the
interior face of the
walls
Ψ1= 0,14 W/m
Ψ2=0,24 W/m
9
-R.O. footing
Hthermal isolation = min 70 cm
R.O. footing
Bridge length=Pslab
Pslab= the perimeter of the

inferior slab at the interior face of the
walls
Ψ1= 0,225 W/m
Ψ2=0,30W/m
-R.O. interior walls – inferior slab
RO footing
Bridge length= Lwall
Lwall – interior wall length
Ψ1 = Ψ2 = 0,2 W/m
10
-R.O. interior walls – superior slab

Ψ1 Ψ2
R.O. slab
Bridge length = L
L - interior wall length
Ψ1 = Ψ2 = 0,24 W/m
-thermal bridge on the carpentry
11
R.V. current (T)
Bridge length = Pcarpentry
Pcarpentry = 2*(L+H)
Ψ1=0.25 W/m
12
nr of thermal
Bridge detail
Thermal Thermal Corrected Temp.
bridges
Heat loss Axτ/
No. Building element bridge Ψxl Area (A) resistanc Σ(Ψxl) thermal corr. R'm
(Ψ) R'm
length (l) e (R) resistance (R'j) Factor (τ)
W/mK m W/K m^2 m^2k/w W/K m^2k/w - m^2/W W/K

1 2 3 4 5 6=4x5 7 8 9=Σ6 10=1/(1/8+9/7) 11 12 13
1.b 2 0,04 14,50 0,580
2.a 4 0,06 14,50 0,870
2.b 4 0,04 14,50 0,580
1. North façade 282,75 2,646 8,660 2,448 1 113,940
3.a 1 0,14 19,50 2,730
4 0,09 19,50 1,755
4.a
4 0,11 19,50 2,145
1.b 2 0,04 14,50 0,580
2.a 4 0,06 14,50 0,870
2.b 4 0,04 14,50 0,580
2. South façade 282,75 2,646 8,660 2,448 1 113,940
3.a 1 0,14 19,50 2,730
4 0,09 19,50 1,755
4.a 2,482
4 0,11 19,50 2,145
1.b 2 0,04 14,50 0,580
2.b 2 0,04 14,50 0,580
3. East façade 3.a 1 0,14 12,20 1,708 176,9 2,646 2,868 2,537 1 71,285
4 0,09 12,20 1,098
4.a
4 0,11 12,20 1,342
1.b 2 0,04 14,50 0,580
2.b 2 0,04 14,50 0,580
4. West façade 3.a 1 0,14 12,20 1,708 176,9 2,646 2,868 2,537 1 71,285
4 0,09 12,20 1,098
4.a
4 0,11 12,20 1,342
6 1 0,15 9,510
5. Floor over the basement 63,40 344,5 3,362 25,360 2,695 0,486 2,695 62,082
6 1 0,25 15,850
3 1 0,18 11,412
6. Terrace roof 63,40 344,5 5,022 23,458 3,742 1 3,742 92,056
3 1 0,19 12,046
N 1 0,27 171 46,170 39,600
S 1 0,27 140,6 37,962 48,900
7. Openings 0,5 1 0,4212 335,700
E 1 0,27 76 20,520 26,450
V 1 0,27 76 20,520 26,450
∑= 860,288
The Volume of the envelope
V=3269,75 m3
The general factor of thermal insulation G
This factor of thermal insulation reflects the sum of all thermal loss trough all the
building envelope elements for a thermal difference of 1 Kelvin (Δθ) plus the losses because
of ventilation and air infiltration.
G≤GN
1 A∗τ
G= ∗∑ + 0.34∗n [W/m3K];
V R 'm
τ – The temperature correction factor
The area chosen is Tecuci city situated on thermal map in zone III with Te = -180 C.
( T i−T u ) 20−1
τ= = =0.5
( T i −T e ) 20+18
A – The area of the element with the specific main thermal resistance R’m,[m2
V – represents the inside volume of the building [m3] ;
R’m - represents the average corrected thermal resistance of the building element,
[m2K/W];
n – represents the ventilation rate:
n=0,5
Volume: 3269,75
G= 0,417
Envelope area 1608,3
A/V= 0,492
GN= 0.45
14
Evaluation of the condensation risk

The data for Tecuci climatic zone III:
- Ti=+20 C;
- Te= -18 C;
- Te, med= +9.7 C;
- ϕi= 60% ; ϕe= 80%
1.Determining the temperatures on the interior and the exterior sufaces and the
temperatures on the contact faces of the materials:
( T i−T e ,med )
T si =T i – ∗R si [° C]
R
T x =T i−¿ ¿
Thermal
Layer
No conductivi
Material layer thickne d/λ μj
. ty (λ)
ss [m]
[W/mK]
1 1/αi - - 0,125
2 Lime plaster 0,02 0,87 0,023 8,5
3 Brick masonry 0,2 0,46 0,435 4,1
4 Rigid mineral 0,1 0,05 2,000 2,5
wool
5 Cement plaster 0,02 0,93 0,022 7,1
6 1/α2 - - 0,042
thermal resistance ΣR= 2,646
Ti= 20⁰C
Tsi= 18,205⁰C
T1= 17,8749⁰C
T2= 11,6315⁰C
T3= -17,0881⁰C
T4= -17,3969⁰C
Tse= -18⁰C
15
2. The determination of the saturated vapour pressure of the inside and outside
air (pse,psi) and the saturated vapour pressure on each surface ( ps,si,ps1, ...ps,se).
psi= 2339 N/m2

pssi= 2078 N/m2
ps1= 2039 N/m2
ps2= 1366 N/m2
ps3= 137 N/m2
ps4= 132 N/m2
pse= 124 N/m2
3.The determination of outside and inside air water vapours partial pressure:
pve , pvi.
p si∗φi p se∗φe [Pa].

pvi = ; pve =
100 100
pvi= 1403, Pa
4
pve 99,2 Pa
=
4.Computation of the vapour resistivity of each material.
m
R v =Rv ,1 + R v, 2+ …+ Rv , n=∑ R v, j =∑ d j × µDj × M [ ]
s
1
Mj= 108 ×54 s−1; µD = .
k dj
Rv1= 918000000 m/s

Rv2= 442800000 m/s
0
Rv3= 135000000 m/s
0
Rv4= 766800000 m/s
16
17
18
Loads computation
- given by the self weight of the building elements

- constant value, calculated on the basis of nominal dimension and specific weight
The building elements that you need to consider are:

- Non-load bearing outer walls
- Terrace roof
- Floor over the unheated basement
- Current floors
- Load bearing and partition walls
- Stairs
Outer wall – masonry
Layer thickness Specific Characteristic

No. Material layer
(d) weight(ρxg) load(gk) γF Design load(gd)
[m] [N/m^3] [N/m^2] [N/m^2]

1 Lime plaster 0,02 16000 320 432
2 Masonry 0,20 11500 2300 3105
1,35
3 Rigid mineral wool 0,10 700 70 94,5
4 Cement plaster 0,02 18000 360 486
self-weight on sq. m of element ∑= 3050 4118
Inner wall – R.C. wall
Material Layer thickness Specific Characteristic

No.
layer (d) weight(ρxg) load(gk) γF Design load(gd)
[m] [N/m^3] [N/m^2] [N/m^2]

1 Lime plaster 0,02 16000 320 432
2 R.C. Wall 0,20 25000 5000 1,35 6750
3 Lime plaster 0,02 16000 320 432
19
Inner wall – Masonry

No. Material layer
[m] [N/m^3] [N/m^2] [N/m^2]

1 Lime plaster 0,02 16000 320 432
2 Masonry 0,20 11500 2300 1,35 3105
3 Lime plaster 0,02 16000 320 432
Terrace roof

No. Material layer
[m] [N/m^3] [N/m^2] [N/m^2]

1 Plaster Ceiling 0,030 17000 510 688,5
2 R.C. Slab 0,100 25000 2500 3375
3 Sloping layer 0,060 18000 1080 1458
Water vapour
4 0,005 17000 85 114,75
barrier 1,35
5 Rigid mineral wool 0,200 700 140 189
6 Waterproof layer 0,005 18000 90 121,5
Protecting
7 0,100 11000 1100 1485
layer(bitumen)
self-weight on sq. m of element ∑= 5505 7431,75
Plate over the basement – cold floor

No. Material layer
[m] [N/m^3] [N/m^2] [N/m^2]

1 Marble 0,015 28000 420 567
2 Mortar bead 0,03 18000 540 729
3 R.C. Slab 0,1 25000 2500 1,35 3375
4 Rigid mineral wool 0,15 700 105 141,75
5 Ceiling plaster 0,015 17000 255 344,25
20
Plate over the basement – warm floor

No. Material layer
[m] [N/m^3] [N/m^2] [N/m^2]

Hardwood floor
1 0,024 8000 192 259,2
(Oak)
2 Mortar bead 0,03 18000 540 729
3 R.C. Slab 0,1 25000 2500 1,35 3375
Rigid mineral
4 0,15 700 105 141,75
wool
5 Ceiling plaster 0,015 17000 255 344,25
Current floor – cold finishing

No. Material layer
[m] [N/m^3] [N/m^2] [N/m^2]

1 Marble 0,015 28000 420 567
2 Mortar bead 0,03 18000 540 729
1,35
3 R.C. Slab 0,1 25000 2500 3375
4 Ceiling plaster 0,015 17000 255 344,25
Current floor – warm finishing
Specific Characteristic
No. Material layer Layer thickness (d)
weight(ρxg) load(gk) γF Design load(gd)
[m] [N/m^3] [N/m^2] [N/m^2]

Hardwood floor
1 0,024 8000 192 259,2
(Oak)
2 Mortar bead 0,03 18000 540 1,35 729
3 R.C. Slab 0,1 25000 2500 3375
4 Ceiling plaster 0,015 17000 255 344,25
Self weight of the stairs
21
Layer thickness Specific Characteristi

No. Material layer
(d) weight(ρxg) c load(gk) γF Design load(gd)
[m] [N/m^3] [N/m^2] [N/m^2]

1 Finishing 0,002 24000 48 64,8
2 Mortar bead 0,003 18000 54 72,9
1,35
3 R.C. Slab 0,1 25000 2500 3375
4 Ceiling plaster 0,015 17000 255 344,25
Dividing walls
Specific Characteristic
No. Material layer Layer thickness (d)
weight(ρxg) load(gk)
[m] [N/m^3] [N/m^2]

1 Lime plaster 0,002 16000 32
2 Masonry 0,1 11500 1150
3 Lime plaster 0,002 16000 32
self-weight on sq. m of element ∑= 1214
Snow loads:
sk=μi*Ce*Ct*s0,k
Ce=1
22
Ct=1
Where sk=characteristic value of the snow load on the roof
μi=shape coefficient
Ce=exposure coefficient, depending on the type of exposure
Ct=thermal factor
s0,k=characteristic value of the snow load on the ground, depending on the location of
the building
=> s0,k=2 [Kn/m2]
=> sk=0.8*1*1*2=1.6 [Kn/m2]
SNOW LOADS
Sk=μi*Ce*Ct*s0,k= 1,6 KN/sq.m
μi= 0,8
Ce= 1
Ct= 1
s0,k= 2 KN/sq.m
23
LIVE LOADS
Category qk[KN/sq.m]
accessible roofs 1,5
current floors 2,0
balconies 2,0
stairs 2,0
Loads evaluation on current floor plan
24
Permanent loads from the self weight of the slabs
Loads Weight
Surface Surface Loads Weight of Total of
Type on of the No. of
Total with with on cold the cold Total each
of warm warm similar
surface warm cold flooring flooring weight type of
floor flooring flooring floors
flooring flooring solution solution floor
solution solution
Pi St Sw Sc gc gr Gw Gc G - Gt
- m^2 m^2 m^2 KN/sq.m KN/sq.m KN KN KN KN
78,8759 157,751
P1 22,62 2
4 9
74,7961 149,592
P2 21,45 2
5 3
47,5975
P3 13,65 2 95,1951
5
P4 7 26,005 398,18 2 52,01
225,5 3,487 3,715
39,5077 19 79,0154
P5 11,33 2
1 2
66,7585
P6 17,97 66,75855 1
5
P7 6,2 23,033 1 23,033
P8 5,6 20,804 2 41,608
P9 5,6 20,804 2 41,608
706,572
∑Gt,fl=
3
25
Variable loads
Total
No. of
Total surface Unitary variable Variabl of each
Type of floor similar
of the floor load e load type of
floors
floors
Pi Sf q Q - Qt
- m^2 KN/sq.m KN/sq.m - KN
P1 22,62 79,17 2 158,34
P2 21,45 75,075 2 150,15
P3 13,65 47,775 2 95,55
P4 7 24,5 2 49
P5 11,33 3,5 39,655 2 79,31
P6 17,97 62,895 1 62,895
P7 6,2 21,7 1 21,7
P8 5,6 19,6 2 39,2
P9 5,6 19,6 2 39,2
∑Qt,fl= 695,345
26
Permanent loads from the self weight of the walls
Walls Loads Weight

Total Total
Typ surface on wall Loads of the Weight of Total No. of Total on
surface surface of
e of without without from wall the weight of similar each type
of the the
wall the opening carpentry without carpentry the wall Walls of wall
wall openings
openings s openings
Ei St So Sn gp go Gn Go G - Gt
- m^2 m^2 m^2 KN/sq.m KN/sq.m KN KN KN KN
E1 14,526 2,29 12,236 0,5 37,3198 1,145 38,4648 2 76,9296
E2 14,526 3 11,526 0,5 35,1543 1,5 36,6543 2 73,3086
E3 9,415 1,8 7,615 0,5 23,22575 0,9 24,12575 2 48,2515
E4 8,877 1,8 7,077 3,05 0,5 21,58485 0,9 22,48485 2 44,9697
E5 7,263 2,28 4,983 0,5 15,19815 1,14 16,33815 2 32,6763
E6 9,415 1,2 8,215 0,5 25,05575 0,6 25,65575 2 51,3115
E7 8,877 1,62 7,257 0,5 22,13385 0,81 22,94385 2 45,8877
∑Gt,wl1 373,334
= 9
Walls Weight No. Total

Total Total Loads
surface Loads of the Weight Total of on
Typ surfac surface on wall
without from wall of the weight simil each
e of e of of the without
the carpent without carpent of the ar type
wall the opening opening
opening ry opening ry wall Wall of
wall s s
s s s wall
Ii St So Sn gp go Gn Go G - Gt
KN/sq. KN/sq.
- m^2 m^2 m^2 KN KN KN KN
m m
2,94 44,288 44,28 88,5
I1 15,064 0 15,064 0,5 0 2
16 816 7632
I2 9,953 1,89 8,063 0,5 23,705 0,945 24,65 2 49,3
22 022 0044
27
22,123 23,06 46,1

I3 9,415 1,89 7,525 0,5 0,945 2
5 85 37
10,240 12,13 12,1
I4 7,263 3,78 3,483 0,5 1,89 1
02 002 3002
26,098 26,09 52,1
I5 8,877 0 8,877 0,5 0 2
38 838 9676
74,301 75,24 150,
I6 15,064 1,89 13,174 0,5 0,945 2
36 636 4927
5,64
81,926 81,92 163,
I7 14,526 0 14,526 0,5 0 2
64 664 8533
∑Gt, 562,
wl2= 6865
Loads evaluation on the terrace roof

Permanent loads from the self weight of the slab
No. of Total on
Surface of Loads on the Total
Type of the floor similar each type
the floor terrace floor weight
floors of floor
Fterr St gc Gterr - Gt,terr

- m^2 KN/sq.m KN - KN
124,523
P1 22,62 2 249,0462
1
118,082
P2 21,45 2 236,1645
3
75,1432
P3 13,65 2 150,2865
5
P4 7 38,535 2 77,07
5,505
62,3716
P5 11,33 2 124,7433
5
98,9248
P6 17,97 1 98,92485
5
P7 6,2 34,131 1 34,131
P8 5,6 30,828 2 61,656
P9 5,6 30,828 2 61,656
∑Gt,terr= 1093,678
Variable loads
28
Total on
No. of
Surface of Loads on the Total each
Type of the floor similar
the floor terrace floor weight type of
floors
floor
Fterr St gc Gterr - Gt,terr
P1 22,62 36,192 2 72,384
P2 21,45 34,32 2 68,64
P3 13,65 21,84 2 43,68
P4 7 11,2 2 22,4
P5 11,33 1,6 18,128 2 36,256
P6 17,97 28,752 1 28,752
P7 6,2 9,92 1 9,92
P8 5,6 8,96 2 17,92
P9 5,6 8,96 2 17,92
∑Qt,terr
317,872
=
Permanent loads from the self weight of the attic
No. of
Loads from the Total Total
Type of the floor Attic surface similar
attic Weight load
walls
Ei,att St gc Gatt - Gt,att
E1 12,2 35,868 2 71,736
E2 19,5 57,33 1 57,33
2,94
E3 8,365 24,5931 1 24,5931
E4 8 23,52 2 47,04
∑Gt,att= 200,6991
Loads evalution on the whole building
G=G1+G2+G3+G4+G5
G1=G2=G3=G4=Gc= 1643,39369 KN
G=4xGc+G5= 8336,76293 KN
Gc= 1643,39369 KN
29
G5= 1763,18817 KN
Basic seismic force
Tc=1 s
Gtot=Groof+4*Gfloor = 8336,76293
Fb=0.19 x Gtot = 1583,984957
Active sections of vertical elements(stancions)
Stanchion 3
Am1 = 1.06 m2
m1 Am2 = 1.44 m2
Am = 2.5 m2
30
b x h 4.9 x 0.2
Am1,t = = =0.89m2
k 1.1
b x h 6.4 x 0.2
Am2,t = = =1.28m2
k 1
Am,t = 2.17 m2
k = correction coefficient = 1.1 for T and L sections
k = correction coefficient = 1 for I an C sections
yg,m1= 2.17 m
Iy,m1 = 2.37 m4
yg,m2= 3.11 m
Iy,m2 = 5.11 m4
Iy4 = 23.69 m4
Ix4 = 0.067 m4
m2
Active cross section of the girders/coupling beams (lintels)
31
Ir = 0.00524 m4
b x h 0.2 x 0.68
Ar,t = = =0.123m2
k 1.1
k = correction coefficient = 1.1 for T and L sections
32
Load distribution in the shear walls

Seismic load distribution
Stanchion 3
The shear walls with one line of unsymmetrical openings (the openings are not placed
in the symmetry axis of the shear wall), thus the two stanchions will have different
characteristics and λ, ϒ and I0 will be computed using the equations below.
Kr K ℜ
λ= =
K m K me
Where:
Kr = the torsional stiffness of the coupling beam
6∗E r∗I r L 3
Kr=
L
∗
l
∗μ ()
With:
Er = elasticity modulus of the coupling beam = 0.25 x Em = 0.25 x Econcrete
Ir = moment of inertia of the coupling beam = 0.00524 m4
L = the distance between the center of gravity/centroid of the stanchions = 6.74 m
l = the design length of the coupling beam
l = lr = l0 + 2 x a, with a = 0.35 x hr ≤ 40 cm = 0.90+2x0.238 = 1.376 m
μ = factor that refects the deformations produced by the shear force
1 1
μ= = =0.597
30∗I r 30∗0.00524
1+ 1+
A r , t∗l 2 0.123∗1.3762
where Ar,t = the active area of the coupling beam to shear force
6∗0.25∗E m∗0.00524 6.74 3

Kr=
6.74
∗
1.376 ( )
∗0.597=0.0818∗E m
33
Kme – the torsional stiffness of the stanchions
Km1+ Km2
K me = - computed in the hypothesis that as the both ends of the coupling beams the
2
rotation are equal and in this circumstances the stiffness is the arithmetic average of each
walls stiffness.
Em 1∗I m 1 Em 2∗I m 2
K m 1= ; K m 2= - the torsional stiffness of the two equivalent stanchions;
he he
Em 1∗I m 1 Em 1∗2.37
K m 1= = =0.817 Em 1
he 2.90
Em 2∗I m 2 Em 2∗5.11
K m 2= = =1.762 E m 2
he 2.90
Thus, λ becomes :
2∗K r 0.0818∗Ec
λ= = =0.032
K m 1+ K m 2 0.817 E c +1.762 Ec
For determining the γ factor, which reflects the axial deformation of the stanchions the
following equation will be used :
I m 1+ I m 2 1
γ =1+
L 2 (A
∗
m1+ A m 2
)
where,
Im1 , Im2 – the inertia moment of the two wall elements / equivalent columns (m4)
Am1 , Am2 – the active area of the wall elements assimilated to equivalent columns (m2)
L – the distance between the centre of gravity / centroid of the stanchions
I m 1+ I m 2 1 2.37+5.11 1
γ =1+
L 2 (A
∗
m1 + A m2
)
=1+
6.74 2
∗ (
1.06+1.44
=1.06)
34
The overall inertia moment of the wall will be
L2 6.74 2
I 0= ∗γ = ∗1.06=193.42 m4
1 1 1 1
− −
A m 1 Am 2 1.06 1.44
The level of seismic load is distributed to each shear wall proportionally with the walls
stiffness. The distribution of the seismic force will be made with respect to I és ,i , which is
computed using the following equation:
ηS∗I 0
I és ,i =
ν S∗η S∗I 0
1+ 2
H ∗∑ A m ,i
Where:
H = the total height of the shear wall (the height if the buildinig)
I0 = the general/global inertia moment of the replacing structure
νS = factor which depends on the number of floors of the building
Am,i = the area of the wall/stanchion to shear force
ηS = factor depending on the number of storeys, and on λ and ϒ coefficients
λ = factor that depends on the axial deformation of the stancions
λ = 0.032 , γ = 1.06 => ηS = 0.072
νS = 10.87
ηS∗I 0 0.072∗193.42
I és ,i = = =10.45 m 4
ν S∗η S∗I 0 10.87∗0.072∗193.42
1+ 2 1+
H ∗∑ A m ,i 14.52∗2.17
35
Using the values of the corrected equivalent inertia moments, I és ,i computed for each
n
shear wall, an overall value, ∑ I es´ , iwill be computed.Then, the distrubuted factor, C d , i, for
i=1
each shear wall, resulting a ratio between the equivalent inertia moments, I és ,i , of each shear
n
wall divided to the overall value ∑ I es´ , i .
i=1
I és,i
C d , i= n
∑ I es´ ,i
i =1
I es´ ,1 10.45
C d= n
= =0.5
10.45+10.45
∑ I es,´ 1
i=1
Fb = 15667,18232 KN
Multiplying each distributed factor,C d , i with the value basic seismic force previously
computed on the entire building Fb, results the shear force taken by each shear wall Fb,i.
F b ,i=C d ,i∗F b
F b=C d , 1∗F b=0.5∗1583,984957=791.992 KN
36
Computation of the sectional efforts in the shear walls
1. Base shear force distribution on the height of the shear wall
1.1 Concentrated loads in joints
According to the Romanian seismic national standard P100/2006 it can be used a

simplified method for distributing the shear base seismic force on the height of the building,
as concentrated forces at the level of the slabs.
F b ,i∗mi∗zi
Si= n
∑ mi∗z i
i=1
where,
Fb,i – base shear force at the base of the shear wall “i”
mi – mass corresponding to “i” level
zi – height at “i” level from the ground
F b ,i=S=791.992 KN
1.2 Equivalent uniform distributed loads
The equivalent load distributed along the height of the storey will be :
Sn 2∗S 2∗n∗S F ∗n∗2 791.992∗5∗2

q s= = = = b, i = =227.583 KN /m
h storey ( n+1 )∗hstorey ( n+ 1 )∗H ( n+1 )∗H 6∗14.5
where,
S = Fb,I – base shear force at the base of “i” shear wall
hstorey – the height of the storey
H – the total height of the shear wall (of the building)
37
n – number of storeys
38
2. Determine N, V, M diagrams
Using the equivalent frame method in the tables within the appendix for the values of
γ and λ computed before can be found the coefficients ms used for computing the moments in
the stanchions, above and underneath each coupling beam jj, using the following equation:
q s∗H 2
M jk ( ji) =m s
100
The signs of ms coefficients from the tables correspond to the sign convention, with
moments in joints being positive when clockwise.
2.3 Shear walls with one line of unsymmetrical openings
In case of shear walls with one line of unsymmetrical openings the moments in the
stanchions of the replacing structure are determined with the relation :
m s∗q s∗H 2
M me =
100
This will be distributed to the stanchions of the real shear wall in direct ratio to their
stiffness:
M me∗K m 1 M me∗I m 1
M m 1= =
K me I me
M me∗K m 2 M me∗I m 2
M m 2= =
K me I me
where, I me =( I m 1 + I m 2 ) /2
The moments at the ends of the coupling girders are obtained from joints equilibrium,
and the shear force is computed with the equation presented before.
39
A1= 4,95 m2
A2= 2,35 m2
A3= 7,34 m2
A4= 6,63 m2
A5= 1,9 m2
A6= 4,72 m2
Atot= 27,89 m2
Nroof = S x (qk,roof + 0.4 x Sk) = 154.17 KN
Nwall = hwall x Swall x qk,wall = 40.89 kN
Nfloor = qk,w floor x Sw + qk,c floor x Sw + qk,staircase x S3 + 0.4 x

Qk = 97.95 KN
N5= 154,17445 KN
N4sup= 195,06445 KN
N4inf= 293,01672 KN
N3sup= 333,90672 KN
N3inf= 431,85899 KN
N2sup= 472,74899 KN
N2inf= 570,70126 KN
N1sup= 611,59126 KN
N1inf= 709,54353 KN
N0= 750,43353 KN
40
Summarizing table – Shear force and bending moment
s mMMMVVM V
516 3 8 - -
24
403 2 4
- -
402 1 3
38
331 9 1
- -
3- - - -
51
263 2 4
- -
2- - - -
51
115 3 7
- -
1- - - -
61
017 5 1
l0= 0,9
227,58
qs= 3
he= 2,9
H= 14,5
Im1= 2,37
Im2= 5,11
Ime= 3,74
41
Axial force diagram – N [KN]
42
Shear force diagram – V [KN]
43
Bending moment diagram – M [KN*m]
44

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Caprioara Claudiu Civil Engineering 2 - Project Group 3308

Design a reinforced concrete shear wall multi-storey building(B+G+4).

The envelope of the building consists of:

The project must contain information and details about:

The structural strength is rigid, ensured by diaphragms, masonry walls, reinforced

The project consists of the following elements:

A dwelling could accomplish many functions, being determined by biological and

- biological needs: food, hygiene assurance, rest, sleep;

Building geometrical characteristics determination

A1=area of the plate over de basement

The design of the walls and roof

R - the unidirectional specific thermic resistance, in the area without thermal

R=Rsi+∑d/λ+Rse [m2 *K/W]

Ri = 0.123 (outer walls) , 0.167(inferior slab) , 0.125(superior slab)

Re=0.06(outer walls,inferior slab) , 0.04(superior slab);

Plate over the basement - cold floor

Plate over the basement – warm floor

R.V. - Outer corner

Bridge length= Hheated

Intinrasds Ψ1 = Ψ2 = 0,05 W/m

- brigde of inner corner – R.V. inner corner (symmetric bridge)

R.V. – Inner corner

Bridge length= Hheated

b) Horizontal thermal bridges

- current bridge R.V. current (T)

R.V. current (T)

Bridge length= Hheated

- R.O. nonsymmetric eave

Ψ1= 0,14 W/m

Hthermal isolation = min 70 cm

Pslab= the perimeter of the

Ψ1= 0,225 W/m

-R.O. interior walls – inferior slab

Bridge length= Lwall

Lwall – interior wall length

-R.O. interior walls – superior slab

L - interior wall length

-thermal bridge on the carpentry

R.V. current (T)

Bridge length = Pcarpentry

W/mK m W/K m^2 m^2k/w W/K m^2k/w - m^2/W W/K

The Volume of the envelope

The general factor of thermal insulation G

τ – The temperature correction factor

Evaluation of the condensation risk

- Te, med= +9.7 C;

- ϕi= 60% ; ϕe= 80%

psi= 2339 N/m2

p si∗φi p se∗φe [Pa].

4.Computation of the vapour resistivity of each material.

Rv1= 918000000 m/s

- given by the self weight of the building elements

The building elements that you need to consider are:

Outer wall – masonry

Layer thickness Specific Characteristic

[m] [N/m^3] [N/m^2] [N/m^2]

Inner wall – R.C. wall

Material Layer thickness Specific Characteristic

[m] [N/m^3] [N/m^2] [N/m^2]

Inner wall – Masonry

Layer thickness Specific Characteristic

[m] [N/m^3] [N/m^2] [N/m^2]

Layer thickness Specific Characteristic

=> sk=0.811*2=1.6 [Kn/m2]