EHESS

АрхитектурнаяметафорауМандельштама
Author(s): Lola Kantor-Kazovsky
Source: Cahiers du Monde russe, Vol. 42, No. 1 (Jan. - Mar., 2001), pp. 95-114
Published by: EHESS
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 LOLA KANTOR-KAZOVSKY

APXHTEKTYPHAH METAOOPA
Y MAH?EJIbIHTAMA

TlaMHmu EezenuH CeMenoeuna Jleeumuua

CHH3CTeTHHecKaa hjih cjioBecHoro TBopnecTBa jnpyrHM

MeTaabopa, ynojjp?JieHHe
?
BHflaM HCKyccTBa HBJieHHe, xapaKTepHoe ?yra caMoonncaHHH pa3Horo pojia
nosTHHecKHx CHCTeM, ot HHflHBH^yajibHbix flo 3noxajibHbix. npaKTH
Hepe^KO
necKoe CTpeMJieHHe k TaKOMy CTaHOBRTca ojihhm h3 Ba^cHenninx
ynoflo?JieHHio
b hx pa3BHTHH. ?033H5I MaH^ejibuiTaMa npeji
QbopMoo6pa3yiomHx obaicropoB
CTaBJiaeT co?oh hmchho Taxoo cjiynan. H^en 6jih3octh no3THHecKoro TBOp
necTBa apxHTeKType (nepeobpa3Hpy5i T?pame, moncho ?bijio 6bi roBopHTb o
? ut architectura CBoero
npHHmine poesis ?) nrpajia y MaHjjejibiHTaMa pojib pojia
nporpaMMb?, BJiHHJia Ha npeflCTaBJiemie nosTa 06 HfleajibHOM CTHJie h, b CHjiy

3Toro, Ha pa3BHTne ero

nosTHKH. Pa3BeTBJieHHaa BKJiionaioiTj.aH b
MeTaabopa,
?
ce?H yxBep?KAeHHa ?no33H? bh.it, CTpOHTejibCTBa?, ?cjiOBo ? KaMeHb, H?yimiH
b nocTpOHKy?, ?
?CTHxoTBOpeHHe CBOflnaToe coopy^KeHHe? hjih ?cthxotbo
?
peHHe Kynoj??, c onpe^ejieHHoro MOMeHTa npoHH3biBaeT TBopnecTBO MaH

AejibuiTaMa, no-BHflHMOMy, yace He aBJiaacb OTJiHHHTejibHbiM cbohctbom Toro

hjih HHoro ero nepno^a. TaKHM b npejiejiax Bcero Kopnyca ero
o6pa30M,
TeKCTOB co3flaeTC5i He coBceM o?biHHoe nojie CBoero poj^a apxHTeKTypo
no3THHecKOH CHHecTe3HH, h 3Ta BHyrpeHHHfl ycTaHOBKa no3Ta
o?pamaeTca
BOBHe b BHjje MaHHqbecTOB, oTflejibHbix yTBep^K^eHHH, no3THHecKHX TeM, aHajio
rn?? h Lierai
ynoj^ooJieHH??1.

1. KaK TaKOBaa npo?JieMa apxnTeicrypHbix o6pa30B y MaH?ejibnrraMa yace

b pajj,e as manifesto:
paccMaTpHBajiacb pa?oT: P. Steiner, ?Poem Mandelstam 's
"Notre Dame"?, Russian Literature, 5, 1977, pp. 239-256; R. Przybylsky, An essay
on the poetry of Osip Mandelstam: God's grateful guest, Ann Arbor, 1987,
pp. 103-125; C. Cavanagh, Osip Mandelstam and the modernist creation of
tradition,New Jersey, 1995, pp. 66-102. Cm. Tai?Ke mok> npe?bijjymyio CTaTbio Ha

3Ty TeMy: E. KaHTOp, ?B TOJinoicpbijiaTOM B03,n,yxe xapTHH: HcKyccTBO h apxu

Cahiers duMonde russe, 42/1, Janvier-mars 2001, pp. 95-114.

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96 LOLA KANTOR-KAZOVSKY

OflHaico, npn Been bubo^ob, KOTopbie, corjiacHO

Kaacyine??cH 6e3ynpeHH0CTH
TeopeTHnecKHM cTaTbHM h BbicKa3biBaHHHM MaH?ejibiHTaMa, cjre/xyioT ?yra no3
THHecKoro MeTojja H3 ynoflo6jieHH5i no33HH apxHTeKType, ero ?CHH3CTeTHHecKan

TeopHH? rrpa3HHT HeKOTOpOH HenpOHCHeHHOCTbK), HejI,OCKa3aHHOCTbK), HenOJIHO

To?i aHajiorHH. Ha to, hto, ooocHOBbreaa 3Ty aHajiornio b CTaTbax

HecMOTpa
MaHHQbecTax, TaKHx KaK aKMeH3Ma?, MamTejibiiiTaM HacTOHHHBO anejin
?YTpo
pyeT k u?eHHOCTHM h npHHLiHnaM jiorHKH h 3?ipaBoro CMbicjia, caMa cymHOCTb

npe^JiaraeMoro nojip?HH, hjih KopemiOH Bonpoc o tom, KaK KomcpeTHO flOJixeH

h, BOo6m?e, MO)KeT jih no3T cjie^OBaTb npHHiiHnaM 3o?iHecTBa, ocTaeTca hchchoh

H TaHHCTBeHHOH. B03M03CH0, HTO HMCHHO 3TOT ?HenOHHTHOrO B nOHHT
3Qb(})eKT
HOM? h npHjiaeT npejiecTb TaKoro pojia TeopeTH3HpOBaHHK). Kaa Tca,
oco?yio
hto Bce ^OKa3aHO, ?ojiee Toro, Ha KaacjipH CTpaHHiie aKMe
6e3ynpeHH0 ?YTpa
H3Ma? Hac y?e^K?aioT b tom, hto paccyamemie ctoht Ha ocHOBe
npoHHo?
jiorHKH h ?3aKOHa To^K^ecTBa?. HHTaTejib nyBCTByeT b cbh3h c 3thm ?ojibuioe
Ha HecymecTBeHHbiM KaaceTCH He?ojibinoe
yflOBJieTBopeHHe, f4)OHe KOToporo
?ecnoKOHCTBo, Bbi3BaHHoe BbimeyKa3aHH0H HeacHocTbio: b
TeopeTHnecKoe
caMOM jiejie, KaaceTc?, hto ocTajiocb oco3HaTb jiniiib MajieHbKyio nacTHOCTb,
He?ojibmoH ocTaTOK. MoaceT ?iaace npe^CTaBHTbCH, hto 3thm
Hppau,HOHajibHbiH
? a
ocTaTKOM moncho ho ctoht 3ajxyMaTbCH o HeM, h oh TyT
npeHe?peHb
b ijejiyio yrpoacaiom,yK) ?ocTHniyTOH hchocth. Hto 3to 3a
BbipacTaeT npo?JieMy,
ojiHMnHHCKoe BHyTpeHHee paBHOBecne cpejiHeBeKOBbix ?M3TpOB?, o KOTOpoM

HjieT penb b CTaTbe? O tom, hto no3T Ha caMOM jiejie cnoKOHHo pac
6y#eT
CHHTblBaTb CMbICJIbI, KaK T5DKeCTb, H KJiaCTb CJIOBO K CJIOBy, pyKO
(J)H3HHeCKyK)
BOflCTByacb pa3yMeHHeM h cbohm nojioa HHeM b Tpex H3Me
npaKTHHecKHM
nO-BHJIHMOMy, He MO^CeT ?bITb h penn. A eCJIH He 06 STOM, TO O HeM,
peHHHX,
co?cTBeHHo HfleT penb b aKMeH3Ma? h Boo6in,e b MaH^ejibiuTaMOBCKOM
?Yipe
CHH3CTeTHHecKOM pa/ry ynoji,o6jieHHH?
H3bICKaHHOCTb H CJIO?KHOCTb HMCHHO TaKOH CHH3CTeTH
Me^Kjry npOHHM,
necKOH h ee, b kohchhom cneTe, Hppau,HOHajibHocTb, onpeflejiHioTC?i
MeTaabopbi
? no BceM
TeM, hto no33HH h apxHTeKTypa BHTibi HCKyccTBa, Haxofl5iiiJ,Hec5i
b pa3Hbix KaK h3bcctho, HeMHMeTHnecKoe h
napaMeTpaM pajiax. ApxHTeKTypa,
HCKyCCTBO, n033HH, HanpOTHB, -MHMeTHHeCKOe H BpeMeH
npOCTpaHCTBeHHOe
Hoe, Torjja KaK fljia vctohhhboh h hohhthoh aHaJiornn cpaBHHBaeMbie HCKyc
CTBa, no-BHflHMOMy, ?iojiacHbi po^cTBeHHocTb X0T516bi no OflHOMy
o?HapyacHBaTb
H3 3THX 6a30Bbix JlerKO b 3tom, ecjin npoBepHTb ?KJiac
napaMeTpoB. y?eflHTbCfl
CHnecKHe? CHH3CTeTHHecKHe napajiJiejiH, to ecTb Te, KOTopbie npouiJiH npo

BpeMeHeM, CTaB nonyjiapHbiMH b Ty hjih HHy?o snoxy. TaK, napajuiejib

BepKy
no33Heii h acHBonncbio, b cbocm ?Ilocjia
Meac^y KOTopyio npoBOjrar ropaiiHH
HHH k TtooHaM?, conocTaBJiaeT jJBa MHMeTHnecKHe BH/^a HCKyccTBa; KaK

H3BecTH0, 3Ta napajijiejib 0Ka3ajiacb Heo?bina?Ho h BnocjiejicTBHH

ycTo?iHHBOH

TeKTypa b TBopnecTBe O. 3. MaHAejibiuraMa?, Jlumepamypuoe o6o3penue, 1,

1991, cc. 59-68.

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 ARHITEKTURNAJA METAFORA U MANDEL'STAMA 97

oKa3ana noflaBJiHiomee bjihhhhc Ha ijejibie 3noxn b pa3BHTHH KaK oflHoro, TaK h

H3 Ha3BaHHbix bhtjob2. C flpyro? cTopoHbi, apxHTeKType Ha npoTHacemm

?rpyroro
ee hctophh, HaHHHaa c aHTHHHOcTH, nocTOHHHO conyTCTBOBajia My3biKajibHaa
?
aHajiorHH, h 3to ecTecTBeHHO, TaK KaK 06a 3th BH/ja HCKyccTBa HeMHMeTH

necKoro bmccto hhcjiom h

pajia, onepHpyroimie, H3o6pa3HTejibHbix KaTeropn??,
Hto yac h roBopHTb o ?ojiee 6jih3kom HaM, noHTH HeH36eacHOM b
nponopiraeH3.
h nocTpoMaHTHHecKyio snoxy conocTaBJieHHH no33HH h
poMaHTHHecKyio

My3biKH: oneBHTiHO, hto b flaHHOM cjiynae 06a cpaBHHBaeMbie BHjja noflxojiflT fljia
ecTecTBeHHOH aHaJiorHH, TaK KaK ohh ? BpeMemibie no CBoe? npnpofle. TaKne
jierKO BocnpHHHMaeMbie napajiJiejiH h, rjiaBHoe, JierKO peajiH3yeMbie b xyjip

acecTBeHHOH npaKTHKe, no Been BepojrraocTH, HyacHO ?biJio 6bi Ha3BaTb ?Hop

MaJIbHblM? CHH3CTCTH3MOM. Ha KOTOpblX OH OCHOBaH, ?bIJIH
IlpHHIIHnbl,
ocMbicjieHbi yace k KOHijy BoceMHajmaToro BeKa: hmchho Torjia HCKyccTBa omjih
corjiacHO hmh 3HaKOB, Ha ocHOBHbie
pa3jiejieHbi, npnpojie ynoTpe?JiaeMbix
h MHMeTHnecKHX h HeMHMeTHHecKHx4.
rpynnbi BpeMeHHbix npocTpaHCTBeHHbix,
Han?ojiee H3BecTHbiM TeopeTHnecKHM BKJiajipM 3Toro BpeMeHH b
npo?JieMy
HCKyCCTB HBJIHeTCH 3HaMCHHTbIH TpaKTaT JleCCHHra JIaOKOOH,
KJiaCCH(f)HKaiIHH
aKH,eHT B KOTOpOM JieaCHT Ha O?-beKTHBHOM pa3JIHHHH CaMOH npHpO^bl 3HaK0B
h HCKyccTB, corjiacHO b
BpeMeHHbix npocTpaHCTBeHHbix KOTopbie, JleccHHry,
CHJiy 3Toro KopeHHoro pa3JiHHH5i He noflxojiHT j^Ji5iynoflo?jreHHfl.

BbiTeKaioHi,aH OTCiojia onpejiejieHHafl peajiH3au?HH b

npo?jieMaTHHHOCTb
n033HH CHH3CTeTHHeCKOrO C03HaHH5I, K nJiaCTHHeCKHM HCKyC
o6paUJ,eHHOrO
CTBaM 6biJia xopomo H3BecTHa KaK coBpeMeHHHKaM
(no^nepKHyTaH JleccHHroM)
MaHflejibiHTaMa, TaK h eMy caMOMy. B 1910 rojry b CTaTbe ?3aBeTbi chmbo

jiH3Ma? BanecjiaB H?aHOB TaKace HanoMHHJi o pa3ji,ejieHHH HCKyccTB Ha

ny?JiHKe
h no CBoe? npHpojie. 3tot cboh
BpeMeHHbie npocTpaHCTBeHHbie napaqbpa3
iuecTHajxiiaTOH rjiaBbi TpaKTaTa JleccHHra JJaoKoon H?aHOB coothcc c onac
HOCTbK) ?napHaccH3Ma? Ha noHBy pyccKoro cTHxa eMy
npoHHKHOBeHHH (TaK
BH^ejiocb cjioaceHHe xyjjpacecTBeHHOH chctcmm
aKMeH3Ma).

2. Cm. 06 3tom noflpo?HO b CTaTbe: R. W. Lee, ?Utpictura poesis: The huma

nistic theory of painting?, The Art Bulletin, 22, 1940, pp. 197-269.
3. 06 Hcnojib30BaHHH apxHTeKTypHO-My3biKajibHOH napajuiejin b KJiaccHne
CKOH h perreccaHCHO? TeopHH apxHTeKTypbi cm. R. Wittkower, Architectural prin
ciples in the age of humanism, London, 1967, pp. 101-154. O nepeocMbicjieHHH
3TOH CHHacTeTHHecKOH napajuiejin b poMaHTHHecKyio anoxy cm. H. Honour,
Romanticism, London, 1981, pp. 119-155. Ha pyccKOM H3biKe 3Ta npo?JieMa

3aTparuBajiacb b CTaTbe: A. B. MnxafijioB, KaK 3acTbiBiuaH

?ApxHTeKTypa
My3biKa?, b KH.: Anmunnan Kyjihmypa u coepeMenuan nay Ka, MocKBa, 1985,
cc. 233-238.

4. Cm.: D. E. Wellbery, Lessing's Laocoon: Semiotics and aesthetics in the age

-
of reason, London New York, 1984.

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98 LOLA KANTOR-KAZOVSKY

HMej? 6bi, BnponeM, nojiHoe npaBo Ha cymecTBOBaHHe, ecjiH 6bi He

?IlapHaccH3M
H3BpaUI,aJI... npHpOJU?blX CBOHCTB n033HH, B OCO?eHHOCTH, JIHpHHeCKOH: CJIHUIKOM
hto ? BOBce He H3o6pa
CKJiOHeH oh 3a6biBaTb, jiHpHKa no npapojje CBoe?
? ?
3HTenbHoe xyjjpacecTBO, KaK njiacTHKa hjih acHBonncb, ho, nojjp?HO My3biKe,
? ? b KOHen
HCKyccTBO ABHraTejibHoe, He co3epuaTejibHoe, a fleHCTBemioe, h,
HOM cneTe, He HKOHOTBOpnecTBO, a
aaoHeTBopHecTBO.?^

HBaHOBbiM no3THHecKHx njiacTHH,H3MOB BKJiioHajia b ce?a yKa3aHHe Ha

KpHTHKa
KaK bhjt, HCKyccTBa, ?ojiee conpHpojiHbiH jinpHKe no ee BpeMemibiM,
My3biKy,
HJIH, KaK OH BbipaacaeTCH, ?JTBHraTeJIbHblM? CTpyKTypHblM CBOHCTBaM, npOTHBO
nojioacHbiM CTaTHHecKo? npnpojie njiacTHnecKHx xy^oacecTB. B ero paccyac
j^eHHH noApasyMeBaeTCH, hto ?jji?i Toro, hto?w BjiHHHHe Ha cthxh chhsctc

THHecKO?i BcrpoemioH b jiaHHyio no3THHecKyio cncTeMy, ?bijio

MeTaabopbi,
BHfl HCKyccTBa, b BH^e H^eajibHoii MojjejiH no33HH,
?JiaroTBopHO, npejyiaraeMbiH
AOjiaceH 6biTb KaK MoacHO ?jinace no33HH no CBoe?? npnpofle. Ho nocKOJibKy 3Ta

qbaKTHnecKH, KaK Mbi ycTaHOBHJ?n, onpe^ejiaeTca He ojihhm, a ?iByMfl

npnpo?a
ocHOBHbiMH to h KOHKpeTHbix BbiBojjoB H3 ero B3rjiHji,a Ha npo
napaMeTpaMH,
Morjio 6biTb KaK mhhhmvm ?iBa. HeyjTHBHTejibHO, hto npoTH
?JieMy ITo3TOMy
BonojioacHbi?? B3rji5ijj Ha CBH3b no33HH h My3biKH TaKace BCKope 6biJi
H?aHOBy
Ero b CBoe? pen,eH3HH Ha nepBbi?
npejiJioaceH. Bbipa3Hji Cepre? ropojjeijKHH

c?opHHK Ma^ejibiiiTaMa KoMeub.

3Ta oco?emibiH HHTepec, TaK KaK OHa ?biJia npaK

peii,eH3HH npeftCTaBJiaeT
THHeCKH H,eJIHKOM nOCB^eHa CHH3CTeTHHeCKO?? MOUJIK, HTO
npO?JieMe Bbl?Opa
h b caMOM ee Ha3BaHHH h b no33HH?6.
OTpaaceHO ?My3bnca apxHTeKTypa
CorjiacHO My3biKa, KaK pa3, He HBJiaeTCH onTHMajibHo? Mojjejibio
ropo^eiiKOMy,
j^jih no33HH, b cHJiy HeB03MoacHocTH nepejjaTb b He? cmwcji. npOTHBopena,
TaKHM o6pa30M Ban. ojmaKO, He OTomej? b CBoe? CTaTbe
H?aHOBy, ropofleiJKHH,
ot ocHOBHoro, 3aHBJieHHoro P?BaHOBbiM h BocxojTHiijero k npHHii,Hna
JleccHHry
?JIH30CTH?. ErO OCHOBaHa Ha TOM, HTO My3bIKa He
?npHpOflHO?? KpHTHKa
o?Jia^aeT ochobhwm npnpoj^HbiM cbohctbom no33HH, KOTopoe aBTOp
BTopbiM
?
cnej? ?ojiee BaacHbiM MHMeTHHHOCTbK). Bbmojjbi 6biJiH c^ejiaHbi pajjHKajib
Hbie. 3a?BHJi, hto HMeHHO b pe3yjibTaTe
yBJieneHHH
ropojieijKHH My3biKajibHo?i
aHajiorne? (?3aBeTbi BepjieHa ?bijin
npHHHTbi y Hac c H3JiHmHe?i ropan
HOCTbio?, nncaj? no33HH k OTpnijaHHK) CMbicjia hjih ?Ha?ojTHHJiacb
oh) npnmjia
3acneT yTpaTbi CBoe? cmwcjioboh cTopoHbi.
My3bncoH?
Hmchho 3THM My3biKH b CTHxe
oiiry?iTeHHeM nepeH3?biTKa ropojieiTKHH
o6t>hchhji MaHflejibuiTaMOM CMeHe h
jior/HKy, pyKOBojiHBiiiyio npn opneHTHpa

Bbi?ope apxHTeKTypbi bmccto My3biKH

b KanecTBe HjjeajibHOH MOjjejiH ?ijih no3
3HH. Ojj,HaKO 3,n;ecb Mbi HaTajiKHBaeMCH Ha npoTHBopenne, KOTopoe caM Topo

Aen,KHH noacejiaj? HeMHMeTHHHaa no npnpo^e apxHTeKTypa

nponrHopHpoBaTb:

5. B c6.: B. H?aHOB, Eopo3?bi u Meotcu, MocKBa, 1916.

6. C. roponeiTKHH, h apxHTeKTypa b no33HH?, Penh, 17 hiohh 1913,

?My3biKa
c. 3. IJht. no: O. MaHflejibiuraM, KoMenb, 1990, c. 214.
Jlemnirpajj,,

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All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
 ARHITEKTURNAJA METAFORA U MANDEL'STAMA 99

TaK ace He cmmcjiob, KaK h My3bnca, h, no cyra, He MoaceT 6biTb

BbipaacaeT
aHTHTe30H My3biKe b stom oTHomeHHH. B CBoeM npeflCTa?jieHHH 06 apxHTeK

Type hcxojthji H3 poMaHTHHecKOH H^eH 30jTHecTBa KaK MaTepnajiH

TopofleiiKHH
30BaHHOH hjih ?3acTbiBineii? My3biKH ccbiJiKa Ha IHjierejra
(cooTBeTCTByiomaa
?
hm
npHBo^HTca)7.
Ho eMy He yjraeTca to, k neMy oh CTpeMHJica a hmchho,
b 3toh napajuiejin 3JieMeHT npoTHBonocTaBJieHH? h HCTOJiKOBaTb
nojTHepKHyTb
?
ero KaK npoTHBonocTaBJiemie coj^epacaTejibHoro oeccojiepacaTejibHOMy.
?Taacejibie cjio?a, t. e. He "farafara", a Bee o?biHHbie Hainn cjio?a, ropjrHTca
CBOHM BeCOM H ?JJI5I COejTHHeHHH CBOHX CTpOrHX 3aKOHOB, nOflO?HO
Tpe?yiOT
KaMHHM, COejJ,HHHK)III,HMCH B 3JTaHHe?, nHHieT aBTOp, H 3Ta 3aKOHOMepHOCTb
coe?HHeHHfl 3JieMeHTOB, KaK eMy, bhjthmo, KaaceTca, npoTHBonojioacHa pa3Horo

poj^a ?eccMbiccjieHHO hochiithmch 3?yKaM. OjniaKO, b otjihhhc KaK ot IIIjierejiH,

TaK h ot MaHTiejibiHTaMa, no3HiTHio KOToporo oh CTapaeTca o6i>HCHHTb,

ynycKaeT H3 BHjry, hto My3biKa ?ijih CBoe? peajiH3aiJHH He

ropo^ei^KHH Tpe?yeT
MeHee ?CTporax 3aKOHOB?, neM apxHTeKTypa.
Mbi npejniOHHTaeM ocTa?HTb 3ji,ecb aHajiH3 3Toro TeoperanecKoro 3aTpy#He
HHH h npeffJioacHTb ero BHHMaHHio HCCJiejipBaTejieH TBopnecTBa ropo^eipcoro,
no Ton npHHHHe, hto peii,eH3HpyeMOMy hm no3Ty oho h b caMOM #ejie He 6biJio

CBOHCTBeHHO. no?opoTa MaRTiejibiHTaMa k apxHTeKType,

HHTepnpeTau,H5i
aaHHaa He ?nojiHe OTpaacaeT no3HH,Hio MaH^ejib
ropojjeiJKHM, co?cT?eHHyio
mTaMa b OTHomeHHH opHeHTaiJHH no33HH Ha apxHTeKTypy HeKOTopwe
(xoth
3JieMeHTbi 3T0?? pei4eH3HH, b nacTHOCTH,
npou?HTHpoBaHHoe Bbime
ynoflo?JieHHe
cjioB KaMHHM b h TeKCTyajibHyio 6jiH3ocTb k
nocTponice, o?HapyacHBaioT
noajiHHHbiM MbicjiHM B caMOM flejie, HecMOTpa Ha to, hto ero nepBbin
no3Ta).
BnojiHe ?npoHHTbi?aeTca? KaK BbipaaceHHe CMeHbi cHH3CTeTHnecKoro
c?opHHK
opneHTHpa, b CTHxax MaHflejibHrraMa paHHero nepHOjia HeT aHmume3bt My3biKH
h apxHTeKTypw, ?
TeM ?ojiee no npHHixmiy cMbicjiOBoro HanojmeHHfl. Bojiee

Toro, cKopee My3biKa HHTepnpeTHpyeTca hm KaK CMbicjioBoe HCKyccTBo, ojrjHoro

npoHcxoacjjeHHfl co cjiobom, hjih Boo?me KaK ?penb? (?Silentium?, ?Bax?).

CTopoHe no33HH MaHflejibuiTaM, b o?ineM h nejiOM, hocbhthji
My3biKajibHOH
Torjj,a CTHxoTBOpeHHH He MeHbine, neM ee apxHTeKTypHOH CTopoHe cpaB
(cpejrn
?
HHTejibHo paHHHx CTHXOB Ha 3Ty TeMy TaKHe uie^eBpbi, KaK ?Mbi Hanpa
aceHoro MOJinaHb? He bwhochm...? h ?EcTb HBOJirn b H Boo?ine
Jiecax...?).
My3biKa He TOJibKO He yxojJHT Ha njiaH, ho h
MaHijejib BKJnonaeTca
BTopo?
mTaMOM b caMy TaK, MeTa
qbopMyjinpoBKy apxHTeKTypHOCTH. apxHTeKTypHaa
KpHCTajiJiH3yeTC5i y Hero b CTaTbe 0 Bhhohc,
obopa OpaHcya KOTopaa npaMO
?
HaHHHaeTca c yTBepaqjeHHfl 6jih30cth no Bn?ioHa h npn
meM?py BepjieHa
3HaHHoro h npopoKa no3THnecKOH My3biKajibHOCTH. BnocjieACTBHH, b
o6pa3ii,a
aKMeH3Ma?, roBopa o roTHKe, no3T Boo6m,e He ynoMHHaeT KomcpeTHbix
?YTpe
roTHHecKHX ho CTaBHT b cbohm nocjiejipBaTejiflM
nocTpoeK, npHMep oyayinHM
Baxa, KaK xy^oacHHKa, OBJia^eBmero tothhcckhm MeTOjjOM.

7. TaM Me, c 215.

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All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
100 LOLA KANTOR-KAZOVSKY

TaKHM BbixojiHT, hto, He OTpHH,aa HopMajibHoro jijia no33HH

o6pa30M, My3bi
KaJIbHOrO CHH3CTeTH3Ma, MaHfleJIbIHTaM CTpOHT pHflOM C HHM BTOpyK) CHH3CTe

THHecKyio aHajiorHK), KOTopaa He npoTHBopeHHT a no^epacHBaeT ee,

nepBO?i,
npn 3tom j^ajieKHH, 3aBe,u,OMo He b no33HH, no ee
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npnpo?e, Hejib3a CKa3aTb, hto TaKHe HeTpHBHajibHbie CHH3CTeTHne
o6pa3eu;.
CKHe H^en paHee He B03HHKajiH. cjiynan
HeKOTopbie ynoj^o?JieHHH jxpyr jrpyry
?jajieKHx no npnpofle HCKyccTB, KOTopbie He Moiyr HenocpeflCTBeHHO nojrpaacaTb
jspyr jrpyry, TaK ace mnpoKO H3BecTHbi, KaK h npHMepw HopMajibHoro CHH3CTe
TH3Ma. OneHb CTapoe npoHCxoaqjeHHe HMeeT, HanpHMep, aHajiornn acHBonncH h

My3biKH. Ho 3Ta aHajiorna hocht yace coBepinemio ?ojiee cjioacHb?n

flpyro?,
xapaKTep. fl?a KOHKpeTHbix HCTopHHecKHx npHMepa TeopeTHnecKoro cooTHe
ceHHH acHBonncH h My3biKH Ha co?epineHHO JiorHKe, ho ohh
nocTpoeHbi pa3Hoii
to h ?ia/ryT HaM BbWBHTb jjpe njio?OT?opHbie jihhhh B03MoacHocTH ?HenpHMoro?
CHH3CTeTHHeCKOrO cpaBHeHHH.

napajijiejib ?i?yx HCKyccTB, pa3JiHHHbix no o?ohm H3 jipyx

Bo-nepBbix,
6a30BbIX CTpyKTypHblX npHHJXHnOB, CTaHOBHTCfl peaJIbHOH, HanOJIHHeTCH KOH

KpeTHbiM co^epacaHHeM, Kor^a ojiho h3 cpaBHHBaeMbix HCKyccTB mwcjihtch no

THny TpeTbero, cxojiHoro b tom hjih hhom OTHomeHHH co TaK, H3Jio

BTopbiM.
aceHHa? b My3biKajibHbix TepMHHax Teopnn ?MOjryco?? acHBonncH Hmcojia nyc
ceHa ?bijia 6bi HeB03MoacHa, ecjin 6bi TaKoro pojia My3biKajibHa5i
(1594-1665)8
TeopHH He ?bijia 6bi paHee b othouichkh
cqbopMyjinpoBaHa apxHTeKTypbi9.
TaKHM onnpajiCH b cbohx pa3MbiinjieHHHX Ha TpeTHH bhjj
o6pa30M, nycceH
HCKyccTBa, npH3HaKH po^ctbchhocth KaK acHBonncH
o6HapyacHBaK3Hj;HH (no
TaK h My3biKe He Ha3BaHHaa b
npocTpaHCTBeHHOCTH), (no HeMHMeTHHHocTn).
cpaBHeHHH apxHTeKTypa cjiyacHT b hcm npoMeacyTOHHbiM, nepexorrribiM 3bchom

Meacjxy ^ByMH HJieHaMH cpaBHeHHH. Hcxo,n5i H3 3Toro HCTopHHecKoro npeu,e

AeHTa, MoacHO ?bijio 6bi CKa3aTb, hto My3biKa b apxHTeKTypo-no3THHecKOH
napajuiejin MaHjiejibmTaMa nrpaeT pojib npoMeacyTOHHoro HJieHa, npnMH
pniomero no33Hio h apxHTeKTypy. Baxa b aKMeH3Ma?
npncyTCTBHe ?YTpe
Bpojje 6bi onpaBflbiBaeT TaKoe TOJiKOBaHHe. H TeM He MeHee, eine ?ojibiiiee
oTHomeHHe k MaHjiejibiHTaMy HMeeT jxpyraa B03MoacHocTb, 3aKJiioHeHHa5i b

conocTaBjieHHH ?j^ajieKHx? no npnpojie HCKyccTB. B03MoacHOCTb mm

TaKyio
HaxojJHM b conocTaBjieHHH acHBonncH h My3biKH y 3aceHa flejiaKpya (1798
Hma 3KBHBajieHT cbohm mmcjihm o acHBonncH, xy^oacHHK HMeeT b BH?ry
1863).
He caMy My3biKy, KaK TaKOByio, c npncyuTHMH en ochobhumh CTpyKTypHbiMH
oco?eHHOCTHMH oh b cbohx cpaBHeHH5ix He onepnpyeT hohhthhmh
(no3TOMy
?Mejio^HH?, ?rapMOHHH?, ?jiaji,?, a HeKoe conpoBoacflaiomee ee ny?
?Mojiyc?),

8. A. Blunt, ?Poussin's notes on painting?, Journal of the Warburg and

Courtauld Institutes, 1, 1938, pp. 344-351.
9. O COOTHeCeHHH apXHTCKTVpHblX OpflepOB C My3bIKaJIbHbIMH MOjj,ycaMH B

apxHTeKTypHOH TeopHH peHeccaHca, cm.: J. Onians, ?On how to listen to high

Renaissance art?, Art History, 7, 4, December 1984, pp. 411-437.

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All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
 ARHITEKTURNAJA METAFORA U MANDEL'STAMA 101

CTBO HppaiTHOHajibHoro. KaK oh nnmeT, b flyiue nejiOBeKa ecTb HeBbipa3HMbie

?BpoaqjeHHbie nyBCTBa?, KOTopwx He MoryT Bbipa3HTb hh cjio?a, hh BHemHHe
o6i>eKTbi. My3biKa, ?nepBoe H3 HCKyccTB?, k 3thm oinymeHHflM
o?painaeTC?
npaMo, b to BpeMH KaK acHBonncb, fljra Toro hto?m hx,
3aTpoHyTb nojib3yeTC5i
MHMeTHHeCKHM 5I3MKOM, KaK HepOrJIHqbaMH10.
hto b no^o?HOM ?ryxe MoacHo ?biJio 6bi HCTOJiKOBaTb
?JyMaeTCH, ?apxn
TeKTypo-no3THHecKyio? CHH3CTe3Hio MaH^ejibiiiTaMa: OHa HMeeT b BHjry He
KaK BHjia HCKyccTBa He
KOHKpeTHyio npHpojry apxnreKTypbi (h, cootbctctbchho,
ee a conyTCTByioiixHe en Han?ojiee o?mne
npoobeccHOHajibHbie noHHTHa), omy
memm Ha npHMep CHH3CTeTH3Ma nyBCTBO,
Onnpaacb flejiaKpya, conpoBoaqiaio
inee h HMnoHHpyiomee MoacHo 6bijio 6bi Ha3BaTb
apxHTeKTypy MaH^ejibuiTaMy,
?nyBCTBOM pau;HOHajibHoro?.
B caMOM flejie, hmchho 3to npoHH3bmaeT MaHHqbecT MaHjiejib
nyBCTBO
uiTaMa aKMeH3Ma?, BocneBarouiHH jiorHKy h 3aK0H ToaqjecTBa. Oho
?YTpo
oTHeTJiHBO BbipaaceHO b ero onncaHHHx
cthxotbophmx apxHTeKTypw. HyBCTBO
b CTHxoTBopeHHH ? Notre dame ? , rjje ?Ta?mbri?
pau,HOHajibHoro rocnoflCTByeT
njiaH? 0Ka3bmaeTca TaKoii h hchoh Oho
co?opa 3aKOHOMepHo? cTpyKTypon.
onpeflejiaeT BocnpnaTHe b ojmoHMeHHOM
Ahh-Coc})hh CTHxoTBopeHHH, KOTopoe,
b flaace c pejinrH03HbiM,
HeKOTopoM npoTHBopenHH cnnpHTyajracTHHecKHM
xapaKTepOM 3Toro naMHTHHKa, Bee nocTpoeHo Ha hchocth HCTopHHecKoro
abaKTa, Ha npHCJiyuiHBaHHH k oneBHTmeB,
CBH^eTejibCTBy jioKajiH3yioiu;eMy
coopyaceHHe bo BpeMeHH h b Ha hchbix h npocTbix cooTHomeHHHx
npocTpaHCTBe,
?
HHceji h rfle, KaK 3to CKa3aH0 no? KOHeu;
(copoK neTbipe), CTHxoTBopeHHH,
HHKaKaa HppaipiOHajibHbix nepeacHBaHHH He HCKaacaeT
rjiy?HHa qbopMbi.
MbicjieHHo ko BpeMeHH HanncaHHa 3thx cthxob, Hejib3H He
o?pamaacb
3a,ii,aTb Bonpoc: hto, co?ctbchho, 3acTaBJiHeT no3Ta Bbi3BaTb h nponoBe^oBaTb

jxyx pan,HOHajiH3Ma KaK HeKyio CBeacyio 3CTeTHnecKyio Mbicjib? Hto 3acTaBjiaeT

ero BepHyTbca k ?3aKOHy ToaqjecTBa? ot b Torr?umen
rocnojjcTByioiijero
3CTeTHKe pOMaHTHHeCKOrO HppaiI,H0HaJIH3Ma, ftJIH KOTOporO 3TO ?Toac^ecTBO?,
KaK h flpyrae jiothkh,
KaTeropHH npHHaiyieacHT MHpy HJiJiio3opHoro, MHpy
?npeflCTaBjieHHii? CMbicjie flaBinero, b Hninne,
(b IIIoneHrayspa, nepepa?oTKe
ocHOBy CHMBOJiH3Ma h ?royrnx
(JDHJiocoqbcKO-acTeTHHecKyio coBpeMemibix
TeneHKH b Hcxojxa H3 Toro, hto Ha ojihom TOJibKO
HCKyccTBe)? CTpeMjieHHH
AencTBOBaTb ot npoTHBHoro, to ecTb, b aaHHOM cjiynae, Ha OTTajiKHBaHHH ot

Haj^oeBmero Hppan,HOHajiH3Ma, y?ejiHTejibHyK) nojioacHTejibHyK) 3CTeTHKy He

nocTponmb, nocMOTpeTb Ha 3tot Bonpoc c tohkh toh

nonpo?yeM 3peHHH
?ycjiyrn?, KOTOpyio b stoh cbh3h OKa3bmaeT HHane
no3Ty apxHTeKTypa.
roBopH, xoneTca cnpocHTb, KaK yjiaeTCH c noMOurbio
MaHjiejibiHTaMy apxn
TeKTypbi cflejiaTb paiiH0HajiH3M 3CTeTHnecKH 3HaHHMbiM, 3acTaBHTb ero tobo

10. G. P. Mras, ? 'Ut ':A

pictura m?sica study of Delacroix's paragone?, The Art
Bulletin, 42, 1963, p. 271.

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All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
102 LOLA KANTOR-KAZOVSKY

?
cjjejiaTb HTeHHe aKMeH3Ma? h cthxob 06 apxHTeKType
pHTb cepjxiry, ?YTpa

pa^OCTHblM?
Bcero HyacHO OTMeTHTb, hto pan,HOHajiH3M He npoTHBonoKa3aH
npeacfle
acTeTHKe, h hto nojrxo.il, k npeKpacHoro He ?biji
paiJHOHajiHCTHHecKHH obeHOMeHy
OCTaBJieH B HCTOpHH 3CTCTHKH Ha KaKOH-TO OTfleJIbHOH HCTOpHHeCKOH CTajIHH, a

nocTOHHHO b He??, KaK BpeMH ot BpeMeHH B03Moac

npncyTCTByeT H3?npaeMa5i
HOCTb. TO, HTO MOaCHO Ha3BaTb pan,HOHaJIHCTHHeCKHM nOflXOflOM B 3CTeTHKe, KaK

npaBHJio, CBH3aH0 c noHHTHeM KaK npHRTj,Hna npeKpacHoro.

H,ejiecoo6pa3HocTH
HecoMeHHbi?? HejipcTaTOK TaKoro noflxojia 3aKjnoneH b tom, hto oh npeBaT

k Hj^eaM nojib3bi hjih Ho 3aTO 3CTeTHnecKoe

pejryKiiHei? npeKpacHoro ?ip?pa.
nepeacHBaHHe, o?-bflCHemie KOToporo hbjihctch cjioacHe?uinM momchtom jiio?oh

3CTeTHHecKo? KOHijeniTHH, b 3TOM cjiynae JierKO HHTepnpeTHpyeTca KaK yjipBJie

?
BbiTeKaiomee H3 nyBCTBa cootbctctbhh cootbctctbhh ee
TBopeHHe, qbopMb?
H,ejiH hjih BHyTpeHHeMy HaMepeHHio, nocKOJibKy (?ipBepHMca abopMyjinpoBKe

?ocym,ecTBJieHHe Jiio?oro HaMepeHH? cB?naHO c nyBCTBOM yj^OBOJib

KaHTa)
ctbhh?11. 3Ta HHTepnpeTaiiFra obeHOMeHa npeKpacHoro HMejia
paH,HOHajibHaH
MHOrO CTOpOHHHKOB Ha BCeM npOTflaceHHH HCTOpHH QbHJIOCOqbHH. Y MaHrrejib
uiTaMa b ero h CTHxax, KaK noKa3aHO HHace,
TeopeTHnecKHx nocTpoeHHHx ?y^eT
mm HecoMHeHHO CTajiKHBaeMca c o^hoh H3 TaKoro,
MOjTHf^HKaii^HH H,ejiecoo6pa3
Horo, hjih TejieojiorHHecKoro nojrxojia k npeKpacHOMy. Ho ?jjih Toro, hto6w 3th

peajibHyio noHBy, HaM Hajip onpejjejiHTb, c KaKO?? aKTyajib

paccyacjj;eHHH o?pejiH
Ho?i jjjiH no3Ta qbHjiocoqbcKO?? ochoboh Morjia 6biTb CB?3aHa TaKaa ero

ycTaHOBKa.
THnoM
jiio?HMbiM y MaH^ejibiiiTaMa b momcht
nocKOJibKy apxHTeKTypbi
ero
CHH3CTeTHHecKOii HBJinjiacb roTHKa
KpHCTajuiH3aiJ,HH MeTaqbopbi (kctuth,
H yCTOHBHJHHCH B ?jeBflTHajTljaTOM BeKe npHMep CTHJI5I, OCHOBaHHOTO
npH3HaHHbI??
Ha Hjjee otbct Ha 3tot Bonpoc npejrnoHTHTejibHO HCKaTb b
u;ejiecoo6pa3HOCTH),
? Notre Dame ?. c 3toh tohkh oho noji
CTHxoTBopeHHH PaccMOTpeHHoe 3peHH&,
HocTbio y^OBjieTBopaeT Ham HHTepec. Ero 3aMenaTejibHo
apTHKyjiHpoBaHHbiii
KOHeiI,

TeM name flyMaj? a: H3 tjdkccth Hejip?poH

H h Korjja-HH?yjjb npeKpacnoe co3jj,aM...12

noKa3bmaeT, hto b CTHxoTBopeHHH h b caMOM ?iejie HjieT o

penb obopMyjiH
3CTeTHHecKoii KORTj.eniJHH: noACKa3biBaeT no3Ty cnoco? oco
poBaHHH co?op
3HaTb Hjjeio b CMbicjie cjio?a. noKa3biBa?, KaK
?npeKpacHoro? qbHJioco(f)CKOM
B03HHKaeT H3 ?THacecTH?, no3T onncbiBaeT hmchho
?npeKpacHoe? ii,ejiecoo6pa3
HOCTb roTHHecKoro 3Ta TeMa b CTHxoTBopeHHH
cTpyKTypbi coopyaceHH?.

11. H. KaHT, cnoco?HOCTH cy>KfleHHH?, BBejieHHe, Conunenu? e

?KpHTHKa
uiecmu moMax, t. 5, MocKBa, 1966, c. 186.
12. 3flecb h ?jajiee KypcHB moh.

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 ARHITEKTURNAJA METAFORA U MANDEL'STAMA 103

HBjiaeTca H,eHTpajibHOH: KaK hbctbvct H3 HeTBepocTHiHHH, cjiejxyiomero 3a

3Kcno3Hii,HeH, ctoht, nocKOJibKy ero KOHCTpyKTHBHbie 3JieMeHTbi nojr^ep

co?op
acHBaiOT CBOA h Bee CB5i3aHbi 3TOH QbyHKirHen:

Ho BbijiaeT ce6a CHapyacn Tatabi? njiaH,

3jj,ecb no3a?oTHJiacb noixnpya?Hbix apoK cHJia,
Hto6 Macea rpy3Haa ctchm He coKpyuiHJia,
H cBOjra jiep3Koro 6e3jj,eiiCTByeT TapaH.

H ?ojiee Toro, b 3tom ace caMOM onncbiBaioineM flocTHrayToe CTpo

obparMeHTe,
HTejiHMH paBHOBecne Mace, yKa3aHHe Ha nojio
co?opa cf)H3HHecKoe cojjepacHTca
?
ofcumejibHbie Hyecmeoeanun hctohhhk yflOBJieTBopeHHH b sctcthhcckom

nepeacHBaHHH naMHTHRica. cKa3aHO, hto nejioBeK, HaxojxaiiiHHCfl b

npHMO
Notre Dame hvbctbvct, hto o neM 3a6omumcn neKcm cuna. Cnjia 3Ta
co?ope
3anTHiJu;aeT ero h npeijOTBpamaeT xpymeHHe, TaKHM o6pa30M, cth
KaTacTpodpy.
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(|>H3HHeCKHI? MHp, KOTOpOM
cymecTByeT h TBopnr apxHTeKTop, MHp onepnpyioHTHH noH5i
npaKTHHecKHMH
THHMH ? KaK He o6t>hbji5ih ero Jinmb h
?npejj,CTaBJieHHeM? ?noKpbmajiOM
Mann?, sto tot b KOTopoM B03M0acH0 a apxHTeKTypa OKa3bIBaeTCH
MHp, do?po,
npHMo HAeajibHbiM cnoco?oM cooonjaTb MaTepHH HpaBCTBeHHyio npnpojiy #o6pa.
OTCio/ra CMbicji KOH140BKH THacecTH /H 51 npe
(?H3 nedoopo? Korfla-HH?yjJb
Kpaeuoe CTaHOBHTca OKOHHaTejibHO HceH: npeKpacHoe C03jraeTC5i H3
co3^aM...?)
MaTepHH, He 3aKjnoHaioHi,eH b ce6e nyTeM ee
He?TpajibHOH flo?pa, npeo6pa3o
BaHHH b cTpyKTypy.
u;ejiecoo6pa3Hyio
Bee 3TO y^HBHTeJibHo, noTOMy hto HBjraeTca nojiHOH h coBepineHHOH
peajiH3am?en qbHJiocoqbcKOH 3CTeTHKH CojiOBbeBa
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no BbrreKaeT KaK pa3 H3 bhccth Hanajio b MaTe
CojiOBbeBy, Tpe6oBaHH5i ?o?pa
pnajibHyK) npnpojxy. corjiacHO 3TOMy qbHJiocoqby, npoTHBOCTOHT ?Henpo
flo?py,
HHii,aeMOCTb BemecTBa?, ero ?qbH3HHecKHH 3roH3M?, a noTOMy ?KpacoTa HyacHa
fljia HcnojiHeHHH b MaTepnajibHOM MHpe, h6o TOJibKO ero npocBeTjraeTCH h
flo?pa
yKpOHi,aeTC5i mbMa amozo 3thmh ace Hj^eHMH no-CBoeMy
nedo?pan Mupa?^.
npoHHKHyTO h CTHxoTBopeHHe ?AHH-Coabna?. 3cTeTHnecKoe 3Toro
BocnpHHTHe
naMHTHHKa, nocTpoemioro Ha hchocth npocTbix HHceji, H3JiynaeT qbnjio
npaMO
coqbHio flo?pa: nejioBeK Haxoji?5im,HHCH b hcm HcnbiTbmaeT onrymeHHe npHMHpeH
HOCTH BCeX HCTOpHHeCKHX npOTHBOpeHHH, H HHTaTeJIK) CTHXOTBOpeHHH npejJ

13. B. C. CojioBbeB, ?06iu;hh cmwcji HCKyccTBa?, uht. no coBpeMeHHOMy H3jia

HHK) ero acTeTHHecKHx npoH3BejieHHH nojiroTOBJieHHOMy P. TajibueBOH h H. Poji
hhhckoh, @uAocog5uH ucKyccmea u jiumepamypna? KpumuKa, MocKBa, 1991,
cc. 75-76.

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All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
 104 LOLA KANTOR-KAZOVSKY

jiaraioT 3toto ?KynaioinerocH b MHpe? nyBCTBa, ?ipcTnraioiijero

npHHacTHTbca
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TejibHoe ocBein,eHHe. TaK b CTaTbe ?O npnpo^e cjio?a? Mamjejib
(1921-1922),
uiTaM jiaKOHHHecKH hto no cyra HOBoro BHec b no33Hio aKMen3M.
onpe^ejiaeT,
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hto oh He b nepByK) Ha MHpoB033peHHH hjih Ha H3Me
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noHTH bo Bcex 6e3 hcrjiiohchkh ero npeKpacHbix
npncyTCTByeT npHBjieKaBmnx
CTaBinnx tcmoh ero CTHxoTBopeHHH hjih CTaTe?, to 3to o6mee
npej^MeTax,
caMoro no3Ta, hmcioiiihm caMoe Henocpefl
xopomo onpeflejiaeTCH BbipaaceHHeM
CTBeHHOe OTHOUieHHe K 3CTeTHHeCKOH H TepMHHOJIOrHH. 3to
npO?JieMaTHKe
MaHTiejibinraM b CTaTbe ?O npnpofle cjio?a?: acejiaa
BbipaaceHHe npHMeHHJi
CBH3b B03HHKaioiiryK) Meacjry nejioBeKOM h npeji
nepej^aTb HenocpeflCTBemiyK)
MeTOM B KJiaCCHHeCKOH aHTHHHOCTH, n03T Ha3BaJI 3Ty CBH3b ?TOHHaHHIHM

TejieojiornnecKHM TenjioM?. Xoth y MaHflejiburraMa KaK

oyjrro 6bi b 3toh
CTaTbe He 6biJio ?iaTb flecJmHHiniK) 3thm BbipaaceHHeM,
HaMepeHH? npeKpacHoro,
? co bccmh
KaK onpeflejiemieM KpacoTbi, h KaHT 6bi He no6pe3roBaji oroBop
KaMH Ha qbopMajibHbiH KaHTOBo?? TejieojiorHH. CaMa no33H? Maimejib
xapaKTep
mTaMa hto 3to ?TejieojiorHHecKoe Tenjio? npe^CTaBjineT co6oh qbop
y?eacjiaeT,
0C060H hm Hj^en B cootbctctbhh c 3toh
MyjinpoBKy nponoBe^yeMOH KpacoTbi.
b ero no33HH HTjeajibHbi? MHp, b kotopom Bee npeKpac
Hfleeii CKOHCTpynpoBaH
?
Hbie TejieojiorHHHbi to ecTb hx cymecTBOBamie nopoaqieHO
npej^MeTbi

14. C?5i3b co?opa CB. Cocjdhh c Hjieen ?jo?pa ?yueT npoBeneHa MaH?ejiburraMOM
SKCnJIHUHTHO B CTHXOTBOpeHHH 1921 TOfla ?JIlO?JHO nOfl CBOJ^aMH cejjbia
THUIHHbl...?:
eeHHbie u Tlempa
Co?opbi Coqouu
B03jryxa h CBeTa
AM?apbi
3epHoxpaHiuiuina BcejieHCKoro do?pa
H pura Ho?oro 3aBeTa.
YnoMHHaHHe b 3toh ace caMo?? cbh3h co?opa cb. neTpa He cjiynaHHo; cm. 06 stom
HHace b jj,aHHOH CTaTbe. O CHMBOJiHKe xjie?a h 3epHa h cbh3h ee c ??jo?poM?, cm.
E. A. Tojmec, ?CTaTbH Tluienui^a HejioeenecKan b TBopnecTBe MaHflejiburraMa
20-x roflOB?, b KH.: TbiHHHoecKu? c?opnuK. Tpembu TbiunnoecKue nmenun,
Pnra, 1988, cc. 184-217 (n/jea jjo?pa, OTMeHeHHaa aBTopOM, paccMaTpHBaeTCH hm,

BnpOHeM, BHe BCflKOrO OTHOUieHHH k qbHJiocoqbHH CojioBbe?a).

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All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
 ARHITEKTURNAJA METAFORA U MANDEL'STAMA 105

onpe^ejieHHOH ijejibio, Ha3HaneHHeM, h ohh necTHO h 6e3 OTKJiOHeHHH oTBenaioT

?
3TOH qejiH, 3to apxHreKTypHoe coopyaceHHe, TapejiKa,
6yflb obapubopoBaa
rjiHHHHaa Kpbimca, hjih pHMCKaa KyjibTypa. Ero no33HH oxBaTbiBaeT 06a THna
b npejTMeTe ? BHemHioio h BHyTpemnoK), to ecTb,
u;ejrecoo?pa3HOCTH Bo-nep
Bbix, ero cooTBeTCTBHe BHeuiHeii u,ejiH h, BO-BTopbix, cootbctctbhc Bcex 3Jie
MeHTOB ero cTpyKTypw 3a^ane, BbipaacaioiijeHCfl b caMOM ero cymecTBOBaHHH.
3Ta ?raoaKafl rapMOHH? c ijejibio, ?Jiaro, onpepieneHHoe b h
obopMbi obopMe,
ecTb KpacoTa, B30XHOBJi5nom,aa MamTejTbiHTaMa h OTBenaiomaH ero BKycy.
JI1060H THn KpacoTbi KaaceTc? eMy jiyKaBbiM 3Toro
Apyro?? HCKpHBJieHHeM
Hijear?a, onacHbiM OTCTynjieHHeM ot ojiara, h oh He pa3 ot 3Toro
npe^ocTeperaeT
mara He Hajip?, ?He3aneM 6otob ?ecnoKOHTb?, h
(?BnTHHCTBOBaTb HanpacHO
HTo?bi o?Jia^aTb CBO?CTBaMH b
T.?.). npeKpacHoro (hjih no3THnecKoro)
MaHflejibiHTaMOBCKOM cMbicjie, acH3Hb ffOJiacHa ?biTb ycTpoeHa TaK, hto?m

?ijejieBa? npHHHHa? Kaaqjoi? Beimi h jho?oto ?jeHCTBH? ?bijia Ha BHjry h bohtio

b ?
LH,ajiacb h 3to to, hto npHBJieKaeT MaH?ejibiirraMa b KyjibTypHbix
qbopMe
KJiaccHKH: KaK 3Ta ijejieBaa qbHJiocoobHH apTHKyjinpoBaHa c HaacHMOM b
qbopMax
?
ojthom H3 paHHHx ero CTHxoTBopeHHH, pHMCKaa KJiaccHKa 3T0 KyjibTypa, B

KOTOpOH

EcTb BHVTpeHHOCTH acepTB, nmo? o Bo??He rajjaTb

pa?bi, Hmo?bi MOJinaTb, h KaMHH, nmo?bi CTpoHTb.

AHajiorHHHbiM nojioH no33HH Beme? irejieBoro Ha3HaneHH5i MHp,

o6pa30M,
KaMeHHbix
pacnojiaraioirxHHCfl ?Ha oTporax nnepHH...?: npHHiejxiHHe npaMO H3
rpenecKOH no33HH hjiothhkh h canoacHHKH cbohmh ?HeyKjnoacHMH? fle?cTBHHMH
h, Ka3ajiocb 6bi, coBepinemio sctcthhcckh HeoTecaHHbiMH ?npojiyKTaMH? He

CHHacaioT, a no^epacHBaiOT 3obqbeKT KpyaceHHH My3, ^a h miKajibi 3jrecb He

npocTo 6e33a6oTHO noioT, a ?KyioT jyia CBajjb?bi.

nepcTeHeK? npeflCTOHineo
KyjibTypbi c OTcyTCTByiomeH LiejieBo? bhjt?tch MaHjjejib
HanpoTHB, npHHHHo?
b KpacKax
mTaMy CMepTH h pacnajja (?BeHHne?iCKOH acH3HH...?).
KjiaccHHecKoe npoHCxoacj^eHHe Hj^en coBnajreHHH KpacoTbi h ojiara HecoM
HeHHO ?biJio H3BecTHO no3TOMy TaK MHoro cthxob h
MaHTiejibuiTaMy, pa3Mbi
HiJieHHH nocB5iiu,eHO hm ?3JiJiHHH3My?. Oh miraje He nnmeT BnpaMy?o o
CoKpaTe
?
MbicjiHTejie, BnepBbie OTpHiiaBineM hhctmh 3ctcth3m h c noMonrbio npoHH
necKoro yTHJiHTapH3Ma yTBepaqiaBineM, hto TOJibKO nojie3Hoe MoaceT 6biTb

npeKpacHO. OjiHaKO caMO aMnjiya B03Be,nrnero

qbHJiocoqba-?yTHJiHTapHCTa?,
CBOH npaKTHii?H3M b 3CTeTHHecKH?i paHr ?njieHHTejibHoro?, b paHr b
BKyca,
MbicjiHTejibHOM MHpe MaH?ejibiHTaMa cymecTByeT, h 3Ty pojib TaM BbinojiHaeT

<?>paHcya Bhhoh. BnorpaobHa qbpaHiiy3CKoro ?cpejnieBeKOBoro? no3Ta, KOTopb?n

?biJi ?cnoco?eH Ha MHoroe pa#H xopomero yacHHa?, jrajia MaHflejibiHTaMy npe
KpaCHblH nOBOfl ?IJI5I COKpaTHHeCKOH KpHTHKH H HpOHHH Ha? aBTOHOMHblM
3CTeTH3MOM. KaK nnmeT no3T o CBoeM npejrmecTBeHHHKe,

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All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
106 LOLA KANTOR-KAZOVSKY

?JlyHa h nponne He?hpajibHbie OecnoBopoTHO HCKjnoneHbi H3 ero

"npejjMeTbi"
nosTHHecKoro o?Hxojia. 3aTO oh cpa3y oacHBJiaeTCfl, Korjja penb 3axojjHT o acape
Hbix nojj coycoM yTKax hjih o BenHOM ?JiaaceHCTBe, npHCBOHTb ce?e KOTopoe oh
HHKorjia He TepaeT OKOHnaTejibHOH Hafleacflbi.?

H ?iajiee, 3CTeTHHecKHi? no33HH Bni?oHa TaKace 3aKjnoHeH b ee

?ceKpeT?

Kaacymeiicfl ?u?ejiecoo6pa3HocTH?:

?"Testament" BnooHa njienumeAbHbi yace noTOMy, hto b hhx coo6in,aeTC5i Macea

TOHHbix CBejj,eHHH. HHTaTejiio KaaceTca, hto oh MoaceT hmh eocnoAb3oeambC?...?

(cTaTbH ?<I>paHcya Bhjijioh?)1^

Jiio?oe cbh3h KpacoTbi h ojiara, b nycTb

BnponeM, npoHBJieHHe f4)opMe
HHCToro b MaHj^ejibmTaMe oinymeHHe njieHHTejibHoro
yTHJiHTapH3Ma, 6yflHT
?
Tenjia noBO/xy JIoMOHOcoBCKoro ?Pa3MbnnjieHH5i o nojib3e CTeKJia?
(no
3TOT BbicoKHH yTHjiHTapH3Ma, OTKyjra 3to BHyTpeHHee Tenjio,
?OTKyjia nac})oc
no3THnecKoe pa3MbiinjieHHe o npo
corpeBaiomee cyirb?ax o?paoaTbraaioineH
cBH3b h ojiara MaHTjejibiiiTaM Ha3biBaeT
MbimjieHHOCTH...?16). 3Ty KpacoTbi
?3JIJIHHH3MOM? H npOnOBejTyeT CBO?? 3JIJIHHH3M B Ty KOr^a 3TH nOHHTHH
nopy,
jraBHO pa3?ejiHJiHCb, h 3CTeTHHecKoe co3epn?aHHe jiaBHO npoB03rjiacnjio cboio

aBTOHOMHOCTb H CTaJIO CaMOflOBJieKDJIII?M. 3TO?? aBTOHOMHOCTH,

npOTHB ?6yjT
jjHHCKoro? no BbipaaceHHK) no3Ta, caMOflOBjieiomero 3creTH3Ma17, mrymero H3

aeBaTHajTH,aToro BeKa h HanpaBjieHa ero ero ycTpeMJieHHocTb k ?3jijih

peaKipifl,
PajJH HeH3MeHHO Tenjioro ojiara oh totob npHMKHyTb k ?3JieMeH
HH3My?.
o?hthm hohhthhm? no3aBHepauiHero HCTopHHecKoro jihh,
TapHbiM qbopMyjiaM,
KaK oh Ha3biBaeT BoceMHajrnaTbi? BeK.
npej^ijxynTHH,
KaKOBa ace cB5i3b 3toh TejieojiorHnecKOH 3Ctcthkh c Otbct
apxHTeKTypon?
b o6iH,eM TaK KaK ? b
Ha 3TOT Bonpoc, OHeBH^eH, apxHTeKTypa bha HCKyccTBa,

HaxojTHT ecTecTBeHHoe BbipaaceHHe 06e TejieojiorHH, h BHeuiHHH h

KOTopoM
npaKTHHecKa? yTHJiHTapHaa Hajip?HOCTb ijejioro, TaK h
BHyTpeHHHH (KaK
b KOTopon Kaac^aH nacTb BbiHyaqjeHa nojTHHHHTbCH onpeflejiemiOMy
CTpyKTypa,
Ee3 3toh TejieojiorHHecKoii CB5i3aHHOCTH cym,ecTBOBaHHe apxn
Ha3HaHeHHK>).
HeB03MOaCHO. XOTeJIOCb 6bl TOJibKO BHHMaHHe Ha TO, HTO
TeKTypbl O?paTHTb

15. C?H3b h BnooHa KOCBeHHO noirrBepacjiaeTCfl CTHxoTBopeHHeM

CoKpaTa
1913 rojja ?GrapHK?, rjie ?CTapHK, noxoacn? Ha BepJieHa? k KOHiry npeBpamaeTca
?
b ?nbHHoro CoKpaTa?. ace, KaK 6biJio OTMeneHO Bbiuie, cpeflHeBeKOBaa
(Bhhoh
nnocTacb BepJieHa, no3T, 6jih3khh eMy ?no TeM?py?). 9L 6jiaroflapio npoqbeccopa
POMaHa THMeHHHKa 3a TO, HTO OH HanOMHHJI MHe 06 STOM CTHXOTBOpeHHH, 03Ha
KOMHBuiHCb co CTaTbe? flo ee nyonHKauHH.

16. H3 CTaTbH MaHflejibuiTaMa ?fleBirraajmaTbiH BeK?.

17. Tom otee. 3cTeTHnecKoe ot B03

?oTTOpacemie? 6yjuni3Ma MaH?ejibiuraM,
MoacHO, Taxace VHacjiejjOBaji ot BjiajuiMHpa CojiOBbeBa. Cm. B. C. CojiOBbeB,

HacTpoeHHe b no33HH?, b kh.: &uaocoo5uh ucKyccmea..., yica3. con.,

?Byjx^HHCKoe
cc. 425-482.

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All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
 ARHITEKTURNAJA METAFORA U MANDEL'STAMA 107

MaHflejibuiTaM ?biJi He nepBbiM nncaTejieM, yBH^eBiiiHM b apxHTeKType ecTecT

MOflejib, noMorarouryio sctcthkh e

BeHHyio obopMyjinpoBKe u,ejiecoo6pa3Hoii
CAoeecHOM ucKyccmee. Bo3MoacHO, h mm 3to jjajiee noKa3aTb, 3th
co?HpaeMCH
?mjih eMy H3BecTHbi, h hto hmchho ohh, a He apxHTeKTypa KaK
npeijejjeHTbi
TaKOBaa, He ee coocTBemrafl 3CTeTHKa h Teopna onpejiejiHjiH xapaKTep o?pa
meHHH MaRTjejiburraMa c apxnreKTypHbiMH
o6pa3aMH.
obaKT, ho KJiaccHHecKaa h 3CTeTHKa
nopa3HTejibHbi?? Teopna apxHTeKTypw
3Toro TejieojiornnecKoro noflxofla b hhctom BHjre BOo6me He 3HaeT. B Hen roc

no^cTByeT npHHiJHn nncjia h Mepw, ?opjjepoB? h

nnqbaropeHCKHH a?cTpaKTHbin
hx Hmchho 3Toro 3CTeTH3Ma BbicTynaji b jipeBHHX
nponopiiHH. npoTHB po?ia
AubHHax k npHMepy, hto ohcbhjtho jTHcnponopiJHOHajibHbie
CoKpaT (yTBepac^aa,
h, ?ojiee Toro, 3,naHH5i KpacHBbi, ecjin ohh xopomn ?yia
acHMMeTpHHHbie
Teopna apxHTeKTypw xopomo coothochtch
jnofleii18). flpeBHHH ?MeTpHHecKaa?
c KJiaccHHecKOH CTHXocjioaceHHH, b KOTopon TaKace rocnojjcTByeT
Teopnen
HHCJIO.

3CTeTHHecKyio Hjieio H3HanajibH0 BbijJBHHyjia Teopna

TejieojiornnecKyio
?
a hmchho Teopna pHTopHKH. Hfl?ea ijejiH KaK 3CTeTHnecKoro
jipyroro po.ua
npRnnnna B03HHKJia npn hco?xo^hmocth onpej^ejiHTb Mepy HeH3MepHeMbix
? no He o?jia
BejiHHHH TaKHx KaK 0Tpe30K penn, onpejjejieHHio
npo3aHHecKoii
j^aBmH?? MepoH h ?hhcjiom?. Ha stom hohhthh cTpoHTC? b rpenecKOH pHTopHKe
o nepno^e. b PumopuKe o?t^hchhct npnaTHOCTb
npe^CTaBJieHHe ApncTOTejib
cthjih KOHija hjih ijejin (telos), k KOTopon jibh
nepHOflHHecKoro onryiLreHHeM
aceTCH H3JioaceHHe. nepnojiHHecKHH CTHJib c ero npoTHBonojioac
CpaBHHBaa
HOCTbio, nmneT:
ApncTOTejib

?H Ha3biBaio TaKOH CTHJib, KOTopbiH caM no ce6e He HMeeT KOHija,

?ecnpepbiBHbiM
ecjinHe OKaHHHBaeTca npejjMeT, o KOTOpOM H#eT penb; oh HenpH?TeH no CBoe?

He3aKOHHeHHOCTH, noTOMy hto Kaac^oMy xoneTca BHjjeTb KOHeu; no 3toh-to

npHHHHe b 6ere] 3a;ibixaioTC5i h o?eccHjiHBaiOT Ha noBopoTax,
[cocTH3aiomHec5i
Meatfly TeM KaK paHbiue ohh He nyBCTBOBajin yTOMJieHHa, bhah nepefl co?oh
npefleji [?era].?19

Hbe pyKOBOflCTBO no pHTOpHKe HHTaJIOCb H

ApHCTOTeJIHaHei4 fleMeTpHH,
CHHTaJIOCb BJIHflTeJIbHbIM C H JIOHrHHOM, CCblJiaeTCH Ha
Hapflfly ApHCTOTeJieM
ero aBTopHTeT b TpaKTOBKe nepHo.ua:

?ApncTOTejib onpeflejiHeT nepHOfl Tax: 'T?epHOfl ecTb BbicKa3braaHHe, HMeiomee

Hanajio h kohcu". sto BecbMa TOHHoe h cooTBeTCTByeT cvth flejia,
OnpejiejieHHe
TaK Kax ynoTpe?jieHHe caMoro cjio?a Ha to, hto penb b
"nepHOfl" yKa3bmaeT
oflHOM MecTe B03HHKJia, b flpyroM 3aKOHHHTCH, CTpeMHCb npH stom k onpe

18. Xenophon, Memorabilia, 3. 8. 8-10.

19. PumopuKa, 3. 9. 25-30 nepeBOfl H. HnaTOHOBOH H3

ApncTOTejib, (pyccKHH
kh.: AnmuHHbie pumopuKu, MocKBa, 1978, c 140).

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All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
 108 LOLA KANTOR-KAZOVSKY

flejieHHOH u,eAU. 3to noxoace Ha cocTH3aHHe b 6ere: Beflb tohho TaK ace h 6eryH
yace b Hanajie nyra npeflnojiaraeT ero KOHeu.?20

HTaK, Mbi BHflHM, hto b

CTpyKTypa nepHOflHHecKO?i obpa3bi onpeflejineTCH
3JiJiHHHCTHHecKOH KaK hjih to
pHTopHKe u,eAecoo6pa3HaH TejieojiorHHecKan,
ecTb nocTpoeHHaa b OTHomeHHH k kohchhoh nejiH21. tcm He MeHee,
Hto,
ocTaeTca He cobccm hcho h nojraaeTCH 3to o
pa3JiHHHbiM TpaKTOBKaM, Bonpoc
caMOH iiejiH. no MoacHo hto ijejibio aBjiaeTCH
ApncTOTejiK), npeflnojioacHTb,
nojiHoe BbipaaceHHe mmcjih 3Toro B3rji?fla
(jiornnecKaH H,ejiecoo6pa3HOCTb);
npHflepacHBaeTCH ijejibi? p?fl HccjieflOBaTejie?22. ace, KaK Mbi yBHflHM
fleMeTpnii
nyTb flajiee, flejiaeT TaKace aKiieHT Ha B3aHMHo? cbh3h h B3aHMOfle?cTBHH
KOJiOHOB ? nacTei? nepnofla, flOJiacHbi coneTaTbca TaK, hto?m co3flaTb
KOTopbie
HOBoe ii,ejioe cjiejryKDinero nopajJKa. Hhmmh cjiOBaMH, ecjin
ApncTOTejib o?pa
inaeTCH jijih o?'bacHeHHH nojiynaeMoro bochtjhhthh
yflOBJieTBopeHHH, npn
k c cymecTBO
nepHOflHHecKO?i penn ?TejieojiorHnecKOMy Tenjiy? CBH3aHH0My
BaHHeM BHemHe? npHHHHbi to jijih
(jiorHnecKHH cmmcji), fleMeTpna ceKpeT
3CTeTHnecKoro B03fleHCTBHH 3aKJHoneH b TejieojiorHHHOCTH
nepHOfla BHyTpeH
Hen, ?jiaro/rapa KOTopon OTflejibHbie 3JieMeHTbi HOBoe
CTpyKTypbi o6pa3yioT
u,ejioe, HBJiHiomeecH fljra hhx ijejibio, h pacTBopaioTca b HeM KaK cpeflCTBa b

flocTHrHyTo?? iiejin. HHoe, ho Toace hM TejieojiornnecKoe

u;ejiecoo6pa3Hoe,
o?-bHCHeHHe nepnofla npejiJioacHJi b cbocm 3HaMeHHTOM 06
U,HH,epoH TpaKTaTe
opamope. KpacoTy nepHOflHHecKO?i penn CBH3braaeT c TeM, hto TaKan
IJnijepoH
CTpyKTypa cooTBeTCTByeT hcooxoahmocth nepeBOflHTb flbixaHne. CaMO 3to

Ha?JiiofleHHe, hto to, hto hbjihctch ?jiaroM jijih roBopaiiiero, oflHOBpeMeHHo

nopoacflaeT KpacoTy ero penn, bjtoxhobhjio Ha KOCMOjiorHnecKH
LiHijepOHa
MacmTa?Hoe ooo?memie no noBOfly TeJieojiorHHecKO?? npnpoflbi npeKpacHoro
hjih Bceo6in,eH cbh3h npeKpacHoro c nojib3o?i b HCKyccTBe h KaK
npnpofle.
CKa3aHO b TpaKTaTe,

?Ho TaK ace ycTpoHJia c HenocTHacHMbiM coBepuieHCTBOM caMa npnpofla: KaK bo

BceM Ha CBeTe, TaK h b HejioBenecKOH penn, HaH?ojibuia?i nojib3a HeceT b ce?e h
Han?ojibuiee Bejinnne h flaace
Hanoojibuiyio KpacoTy.?23

20. 3,eMeTpHH, O cmwie, 1. 11 (3flecb h flajiee pyccKHH nepeBOfl H. A.

Orapo
CTHHOH h O. B. Cmwkh H3 kh.: AnmuHHbie pumopuKu, yKa3. con., c 239).
21. HHTepecHO, hto BHHMaHHe HCCJieflOBaTejie? aHTHHHo? pHTopHKH apHCTOTe
jieBCKHH ?Tejioc? npHBJieK cpaBHHTejibHO HeflaBHO, h hto npeacfle npeHMyuiecTBO
oTflaBajiocb ?pHTMHnecKOH? TpaKTOBKe nepnofla (aHajiorHHHOH nosTHnecKOMy
pa3Mepy). Cm. o6 stom R. L. Fowler, ?Aristotle on the period (Rhet. 3. 9)?,
Classical Quarterly, 32, 1, 1982, pp. 89-99.
22. TaM Me, pp. 90-91; D. C. Innes, ?The introduction to Demetrius?, in:
Aristotle, The Poetics, ?Longinus?, On the sublime, Demetrius, On style, London,
1995, p. 317.
23. IjHuepOH, 06 opamope, 3. 1978; pyccKHH nepeBOfl uht. no: A. O. JIoceB,
Hcmopun aumunnou dcmemuKu. P?hhu? 9aauhu3m, MocKBa, 1979, cc 491-492.

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All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
 ARHITEKTURNAJA METAFORA U MANDEL'STAMA 109

CorjiacHO caM yHHBepcyM hbjihctch h

L],HH,epoHy, H,ejiecoo6pa3HOH cTpyKTypoH,
?
B TO ace BpeMH CaMbIM 3CTeTHHHbIM Ha CBeTe 3peJIHHJ,eM. B 3TOH CBH3H y
h noHBjiaeTCH HeKoe noflo?ne apxHTeKTypHOH OnncaHHe
IjHijepoHa MeTaqbopbi.
h npeKpacHoro MHpo3flaHHH HanoMHHaeT onn
IJ,HiTepoHOM u,ejiecoo6pa3Horo
caHne xopomo h npaBHJibHo CBOflnaTOH apxHTeKTypHOH
ycTpoeHHOH nocTpoincH,
KOTopaa ijctiocthoh nocTOJibKy, nocKOJibKy Bee ee nacTH CBioaHM
npe?bmaeT
i^ejieBbiMH OTHOuieHHHMH h ?npHjieacHO? coeflHHeHbi Meacfly co?oi?, npnneM
Majie?imee HapymeHHe 3Toro paBHOBecHH flOjiacHo Bbi3BaTb KpymeHHe Bcero

MHpa:

?Mbi BHflHM, hto eceoou^ezo ?AazonoAynun u 6e3onacnocmu caMO MHpo

padu
3flaHHe ycTpoeHo ot npHpoflbi hmchho Tax: He6o oKpyzAO, 3eMJia HaxoflHTca b
h ceoew co?cmeennow cuao? sto
cepeflHHe depMumc? epaenoeecuu. [...]. Bee
HacTOjibKO CTpo?HO, hto npH Majie?rneM H3MeHeHHH He Morjio 6bi flepacaTbCii
BMecTe; HacTOJibKO BocxHTHTenbHO, hto h npeflCTaBHTb ce6e Hejib3a HHnero
?ojiee
npeKpacHoro.?24

TaKOH ace HfleajibHoii flOJiacHa 6biTb, cootbctctbchho, b ero npefl

nocTpoOKoii
CTaBJieHHH h opaTopcKaa penb. oflHaKO, BHHMaHHe Ha to, HacKOjibKO
O?paTHM,
napajiJiejib Meacfly CBOflnaTOH h no3THHecKOH penbio b MaHflejib
nocTpoiiKOH
mTaMOBCKOM CTHxoTBopeHHH Notre Dame 6jiH3Ka no cyTH 3TOMy MeTaobo

pHHeCKOMy 06l>HCHeHHK) KpaCOTbl nepHOflHHeCKOH peHH B OflHOM H3 caMbix

H3BeCTHbIX TpaKTaTOB no pHTOpHKC

Ho caMaa HBHan apxHTeKTypHaa B03HHKaeT b toh ace cbh3h y
MeTaabopa
npHHaiiJieacHT cpaBHeHHe 3JieMeHTOB nepnoflHHecKOH penn c
fleMeTpna. EMy
KaMHHMH, cjiyacam;HMH onpeflejieHHOH ijejin, Kynoji hjih cboa;
o6pa3yiom,HMH
Torfla KaK HeopramooBaHHaa penb HanoMHHaeT 6ecu,ejibHO pa36pocaHHbie
KaMHH:

?B nepuodunecKOM erajie penn HJieHbi noflo?Hbi k?mhhm, noflflepacHBaioiuHM h

o6pa3yK>mHM co?oio CBOflnaTyio KpoBJiio. B pa3opBaHHOM CTHJie HJieHbi

HanoMHHaioT pa3T>eflHHeHHbie KaMHH, He BKjnoneHHbie b
nocTpoHKy.?25

3tot HacTOJibKO tohho nepeflaeT CMbicji toto yTBepacfleHHH, KOTopoe

(})parMeHT
3aKJiK)HeHO b MaHflejibmTaMOBCKOH CHH3CTeTHnecKOH HTO,
MeTaobope,
cpaBHHBaa ero c HeKOTopbiMH TeKCTaMH MaHflejibmTaMa, mm noHTH HeH3?eacHO
?
nonaflaeM Ha CKOJib3Kyio noHBy pa3roBopoB o co?nafleHHH?
??yKBajibHOM
OCO?eHHO eCJIH npHHflTb BO BHHMaHHe, HTO B HeKOTOpblX nepeBOflaX Ha HOBbie

eBponencKHe ?bmkh BbipaaceHHe opnrHHajia Gieya? TpaKTyeTCH KaK

rtepi(|)epei?

24. T?m Me.

25. ?JeMeTpHH, O cmwie, 1.13 (Anmunubie pumopuKu, yK?3. con., c 240).

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All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
110 LOLA KANTOR-KAZOVSKY

OTMeTHTb, hto b ijejioM b cba

?Kynoj??26. (HyacHO pHTopHHecKo? MeTaobopmce
3aHHO?? C apXHTeKTypHMMH KOHCTpyKH,HHMH, HaHHHaH C aHTHHHOCTH, HflCH CBOfla
h Kynojia ?mjih B3anMOCBH3aHM h B caMOM flejie, TaKoe
B3aHM03aMeH5ieMM27.)
CTHxoTBopeHHe KaK ?inecToe BOCbMHCTHHine? b CBeTe CKa3aHHoro b nejioM

flOJiacHO 6biTb HCTOJiKOBaHO hjih KaK coBnafleHHe, hjih KaK BOJibHaa hjih

HeBOjibHaa i^HTaTa H3 fleMeTpna:

Korfla, yHHHToacHB Ha?pocoK,

Tbi flepacHuib npHJieacHO b yMe

Tlepuod 6e3 TarocTHbix

chocok
EduHbl? BO BHVTpeHHeH TbMe, ?
H oh jiHHib Ha co?cTBeHHo? Tare
?
3aacMypHBuiHCb, flepacHTca caM
Oh Tax ace oraecca k ?yMare,
K?k KynoA k nycTbiM He?ecaM.
1933-1934.

3to flaeT HaH?ojiee HHCToe h acHoe npeflCTa?jieHHe o npHcymeM

CTHxoTBopeHHe

no3Ty cnoco?e no3THnecKoro TBopnecTBa apxHTeKTypHOMy co3H

ynoflo?JieHHH
flaHHK). HfleH B03HHKHOBCHHH He3aBHCHMOrO H OOT^KTHBHOrO IjeJIOrO H3 HaCTHH
Hbix ijejioro, npoHHocTb KOToporo o?ecneneHa ?npHjie
Ha?pocKOB, ?Jiaroflapa
acaHHio? xyfloacHHKa, BMCKa3aHa 3flecb, Ka3ajiocb 6m, Han?ojiee He3aBHCHMo h

npHMo, 6e3 onncaHHH onpeflejiemioro naMHTHHKa, 6e3 onopbi Ha KomcpeTHy?o

3nOXy H CBH3aHHMX C 3THM IIHTaTHMX KaK 3T0

HCTOpHHeCKyK) ??pHKOJiaacefi?,
?bijio jijih ?ojiee paHHHX cthxob nocBfliueHHbix cneiiHajibHO apxn
xapaKTepHO
KHHrn H TeM He MeHee, HecMOTpa Ha OTcyTCTBHe Bbipa
TeKType (h3 KaMeub).
aceHHoro npneMa KaK hbhoh otcmjikh k nyacoMy TeKCTy He
?ixHTHpOBaHHH?
HCKJiKDHeHO, hto Bee 3TO CTHxoTBopeHHe H,ejiHKOM HBjiHeTCH pacnpocTpaHeHHO??
rjHTaTO??.
HBJiaeTCH Jin oho h Ha caMOM flejie iprraTOH, h ecjin noBTopeHHe
Bonpoc,
Bbime KJiaccHHecKoro nojjjiHHHHKa Ha caMOM flejie hmcjio MecTO,
npHBefleHHoro
TO HaCKOJIbKO BOJIbHMM HJIH HCBOJIbHMM OHO ?MJIO, He JIHIIieH HHTepeca.
AnpH
mm MoaceM nocTyjinpoBaTb KaK MHHHMyM Tpn B03MoacHbix cjiynaa. Ecjih
opHO
HCTOHHHK OCHOBHOH HfleH 3TOTO CTHXOTBOpeHHH O
(TpaKTaT fleMCTpHH CmUJie)
?mji H3BecTeH no3Ty, to CTHxoTBopeHHe MaHfleJibmTaMa hbjihctch Bapnamiei?
Ha H3BecTHyio TeMy (nepH0bpa3OM). Ecjih no3T peKOHCTpynpOBaJ?Mbicjib J\eue
HC 3Hafl 3TOrO KOHKpeTHOrO HCTOHHHKa, HO flOraflMBaflCb O B03MOaCHOCTH
TpHH,
noflo?Hbix tckctob h npeflCTaBJiaa ce?e hx HfleojiorHHecKne
cymecTBOBaHHH
b 3tom cjiynae h hbjihkdtch oot^ktom to
napaMeTpbi (KOTopbie HMHTaiJHH),

26. Aristotle, The poetics, ?Longinus?, On the sublime, Demetrius, On style

-
(London Cambridge, Mass., 1953). nepeBOfl Pnca Po?epTca, BnepBbie H3flaH b
1902.
27. E. G. Schmidt, ?Antike und mittelalterliche Schlussteinsymbolik?, Altertum,
14, Heft 1,1968, pp. 31-37.

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All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
 ARHITEKTURNAJA METAFORA U MANDEL'ST AM A 111

?BOCbMHCTHIHHe? HMeeT HepTM HCKyCHOrO CHMyJIHKpa. H, HaKOHeil,, eCJIH BCfl

Bocxoflflinaa k pHTopHnecKHM TeKCTaM, nofle?cTBOBajia

coBOKynHaH TpaflHiJHii,
Ha no3Ta 6ecco3HaTejibHO, to ecTb ecJin H3 ero TBopnecKoro npoijecca BCHKoe,

ycjioBHoe hjih npeflCTa?jieHHe o npeflbijxyurHx TeKCTax 6mjio yerpa

6e3ycJiOBHoe
HeHo, h cpaBHeHHe 3aKpyrjieHHoro oTpbi?Ka penn c KynojioM cocToajiocb b CHjiy

orpaHHHeHHOCTH HHCJia TonocoB, to MoacHo o ?co?nafleHHH?, 3Haa npH

roBOpHTb
stom, hto ?co?nacTb? MorvT TOJibKO BeuiH TaK hjih HHane onocpeflOBaHHO
CBH3aHHbie Meacfly co?oh, to ecTb hto k Hcnojib30BaHHio aHaJiorHHHbix Tonoco?
b aHajiorHHHOM cMbicjie npnxoflHT corjiacHbie Meacfly co?o? corjiacne
aBTOpbi,
KOTOpbix ecTb npoflyKT o?njero Hfle?Horo reHe3Hca. npoHHM, xopomo
Meacfly
H3?ecTHoii ycTpaHeHHH npeflCTaBJieHHH, hjih 3HaHH5i o npeflbiflym,eM
npHHHHo??
TeKCTe, H?jiaeTCH HfleHTHabHKaiJHfl c hhm: b stom coflepacaHne b
cjiynae ?yKBajib
HOM CMbicjie ?yc?aHBaeTCH?, CTaHOBHTca HacTbK) jiHHHoro coflepacaHHH, h

3HaHHe o ero npeflbifly?ijeH ?BbiTecHaeTCH?.

npHHaflJieacHOCTH
4>aKT 3HaK0MCTBa MaHflejibuiTaMa c TpaKTaTOM Ha
fleMeTpna ?Horpaabn
necKOM ypo?He HeflOKa3yeM. flejio b tom, hto y Hac HeT KOHKpeTHbix cBeflemri? o

tom, hto TpaKTaT b nofljiHHHHKe hjih b nepeBOfle, HaxoflHJiCH b nojie 3peHH?

no3Ta, h HM? ero aBTopa HHrfle b MaHflejibmTaMOBCKHx TeKCTax h b BoenoMH
HaHHax o no3Te, HacKOJibKO MHe H3?ecTH0, He Ha3BaHo. B to ace Haflo
?peMH,
npH3HaTb, hto npeflnojioaceHHe o 3HaKOMCTBe no3Ta c 3Thm tckctom He coflep
acHT b ce?e HHHero HeB03MoacHoro, TaK KaK oh TpaflHixHOHHO HaxojmrcH b
cobepe
yHHBepcHTeTCKoro KJiaccnnecKoro TaKHM 3aKJHOHeHHaa
o?pa30Bami5i. o6pa30M,
b HeM Morjia BHHMaHHe no3Ta eine b yHHBepcHTeTCKHe
MeTaubopa npHBJienb
roflbi, flOHfla flo Hero BTopbie pyKH, b H3JioaceHHH HeMenKoro
nepe3 pyccKoro,
hjih h cootbctctbchho, KaK b nofljiHHHHKe, TaK h b
(t)paHii,y3CKoro npoobeccopa,
nepeBOfle Ha ojthh H3 3thx eBponencKHx ?3mkob.

H TeM He MeHee y Hac Bce-TaKH ecTb HeKoe KocBeHHoe ocHOBaHHe cHHTaTb,

hto MaHflejibmTaM coothochji cboh tckct c hctohhhkom: Ha 3to yKa3bmaeT
noHHTHe ?ojibme HHrfle y MamreJibinTaMa He B
nepuoda, BCTpenaiomeecH.
mecTOM BOCbMHCTHmHH MaHflejibmTaM co3HaTejibHO CHHMaeT npoTHBonojioac
HOCTb Meacfly n03THKOH H pHTOpHKOH C KOTOpOH CB?3aH B03M0aCHMH
(o?JiaCTbK),
HCTOHHHK OToacflecTBjiaH CBOK) HfleK) no3THHecKoro ijejioro c Hfleeii
ipraTbi),
?
pHTopHHecKoro ?nepnofla? KJiaccnnecKHM noHHTHeM cjioacHo?? eflHHHJibi

penn, HMeiomen onpefleJieHHyK) 3aKOHOMepHocTb CTpoemra. To, hto pHTOpnne

cKoe noHHTHe ?nepnofl? noHBHJiocb b cTpyKType 3Toro He cjiy
CTHxoTBopeHHe
Ha?Ho, noflTBepacflaeToi caMHM xapaKTepoM 3Toro BocbMHCTHiHHfl, KOTopoe
fleMOHCTpnpyeT hmchho nepnoflHHecKoe nocTpoeHHe: npaBHJibHoe HJieHeHHe

penn c ecTecTBeHHMM pacnpeflejieHHeM flbixaTejibHbix ocTaHOBOK, KOTopoe

ecTecTBeHHMM 3aBepmaeTCH c 3aBepmeHHeM caMOH mmcjih
o6pa30M (?ce
BOceMb cTpoK 3Toro BMCKa3MBaHHH, KaK h nojioaceHO nepnofly, cocTaBJiaioT

OflHy MbICJIb).
H, b flonojmeHHe k yace HecoMHeHHo b flaHHOM
CKa3aHHOMy, npneMJieMoii
cjiynae, no MoeMy mhchhk), hbjihctch rnnoTe3a ?BbrrecHeHHoro HCTOHHHKa?,

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 112 LOLA KANTOR-KAZOVSKY

nojiHOCTbio ?ycBoeHHoro? b BbimeyKa3aHHOM CMbicjie, no Been

npnneM, BepoaT
HOCTH, b ?ojiee nepnofl h, TaKHM OKa3aBHiero bjihhhhc Ha
paHHHii o6pa30M,
cjioaceHHe Bceii ?apxHTeKTypHOH BKjnonaa MHoroHHCJieHHbie no3
MeTaqbopbi?,
THHecKHe h onncaHH? KynojibHbix 3flaHH?? y MaHflejibiiiTaMa. B
npo3aHHecKHe
3TOM cjiynae npHBjieKaeT BHHMaHHe yace CTaTba Bhjijioh?
?<?>paHcya (1910).
?HeM KaK He nyBCTBOM apxHTeKTOHHKH o6T>5iCHaeTCH flHBHoe paBHOBecne
b Bhjijioh nopynaeT cboio fly?ny nnmeT 3flecb
CTpoabbi, KOTopo? Tponrje...?,
MaHflejibuiTaM, h TyT ace, b noflKpenjieHHe 3to?? mmcjih noH5rrae cpeflHe?eKOBOH

pa3T>HCH5ieTCH KaK KaHeCTBO, BOnJIOIIjeHHOe B

?apxHTeKTOHHKH? KOHCTpyKITHH

KpecTOBoro CBOfla: ?Kto npoB03rjiacHJi b apxHTeKType noflBHacHoe

nepBbi??
?
paBHOBecne Mace h nocTponji cboa reHHajibHO Bbipa3HJi ncnxojio
KpecTOBbi??
rnnecKyio cymHOCTb qbeoflajiH3Ma?. TaKHM
npeflCTa?jieHHe o ?paBHo
o6pa30M,
BecHH
CTpoqbbi?, cpaBHHBaeMOM
CTpyKTypo? CBOfla b CTaTbe
co o Bn??oHe,

a?COJIBDTHO H30MOp(J)HO MbICJIH H HeCOMHCHHO BOCXOflHT K TOMy ace

J],eMeTpH5I,
?BMTecHeHHOMy? HCTOHHHKy, HBjiHHCb ero ?ojiee flajieKHM, hjih, ecjin yroflHO,
6ojiee ?TBopnecKHM? ?Otxoa? ot HCTOHHHKa b 3tom cjiynae
nepHqbpa30M.
HeCOMHCHHO ?MJI npOflHKTOBaH TeM, HTO 3Ta MMCJIb flOJiaCHa ?MTb BKJIKDHeHa B

H,ejiMH KOMnjieKc hhmx npeflCTaBJieHHH h noflHHHeHa flonojiHHTejibHMM nejiflM.

HanpaBjieHHe h cTeneHb HCTOHHHKa, b

U,ejibio, onpeflejiHBineH npeo6pa30BaHH5i
flaHHOM cjiynae ?bijia Heo?xoflHMocTb CB?oaTb 3Ty Mbicjib He c hhctoh pnro

PHKOH, a C H 3HaHHT-C JIHHHOCTbK). HfleaJIbHblM n03THHeCKHM TOJIO

JIHpHKO?i
coM, coHeTaK)m,HM HOBoe jiHHHOCTHoe no
(?flHHaMHHecKoe? MaHflejibiiiTaMy)
Hanajio c yHHBepcajibHoi? ?o?ocHOBaHHocTbio? h bkjhohch
apxHTeKTypHOH
HocTbio b 3aKOHOMepHocTb, ecTecTBeHHMM 0Ka3ajiCH
He3bi6jieMyio o6pa30M
no3T 15 BeKa, snoxn, Korfla, no BMpaaceHHio MaHflejibmTaMa b toh
(nepexoflHO??
ace CTaTbe, ijenKO flepacajiocb 3a cbohx
fleTe? h
?cpeflHeBeKOBbe flo?poBOJibHO
He ycTynajio hx TaKHM Hflea fleMeTpna h cjiHJiacb c
Bo3poacfleHHio?). o6pa30M
MHpoM ropoflCKoro cpeflHeBeKOBbH 15 BeKa, b pe3yjibTaTe nero Kynoji b nepn
?
6mji 3aMeHeH poflCTBeHHOH eMy KOHCTpyKiiHe?? xapaKTepHbiM jijih toh
qbpa3e
3nOXH KpeCTOBMM CBOflOM.
Ecjih HaMH Hfleio, hto Korfla-To BoenpHHHTaa h
npHHHTb npefljiaraeMyio
Mbicjib b TBopnecTBe MaHflejibmTaMa b flajibHenmnx
?ycBoeHHaa? pacTBopnjiacb
Bee ?ojiee flajieKHx h TBopnecKHX h MHoroHHCJieHHbiMH
nepHqbpa3ax o?pocjia
accoiiHaiiHflMH, to hto b hhoh h ?ojiee
npHfleTca npeflnojioacHTb, 3pejibiii
CBoe? acH3HH, 3aHHBiiiHCb ?ojiee h qbHJiocoqbcKHM
nepnofl yrjiyOJiemiMM qbopMy

jiHpOBaHHeM Bee toh ace

npo?jieMM,
no3T BHOBb ?nopoflHJi? Ty ace caMyio Mbicjib
b HHCTOM H3HanajibHOM BHfle. H TaKace He HCKJuoneHo, hto b KOHeHHOM cneTe

HOBMH TeKCT Bce-TaKH ?mji ?yKpameH? oflHOMy TOJibKO aBTopy 3aMeTHOH

i^HTaTOH H3 CBoero co?cTBeHHoro flajieKoro nepBOHCTOHHHKa.

npoHHM, hmchho H3 pHTopHKH ?TejieojiorHHecKan? 3CTeTHKa co Bpe

Meacfly
MeHeM npoHHKjia h b apxHTeKTypHyio Teopnio, ho 3flecb OHa Bejia MaprHHajibHoe

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All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
 ARHITEKTURNAJA METAFORA U MANDEL'ST AMA 113

BnjiOTb flo Hanajia Hoboto H jiHuib BOceMHafliiaToe

cymecTBOBaHHe BpeMeHH28.
CTOJieTHe OTMeneHO noHBJieHHeM ijejioro pafla nonbiTOK nocTpoHTb TeopHio
Hcxofla H3 n;ejiecoo?pa3HOCTH KaK TaKOBoii. 3th nonbiTKH He
apxHTeKTypbi
h fljiH hctophh 3CTeTHHecK0?i mmcjih: qbHJiocoqbbi npo
npouiJiH 6e3pa3JiHHHO
cBemeHHH cjiefl^T 3a cnei^HajibHbix Teopnn h
pa3BHTHeM apxHTeKTypHbix
3flecb ?flOKa3aTejibCTBa? cbh3h KpacoTbi h
Hcnojib3yioT cQbopMyjiHpoBaHHbie
nojib3M. B KOHTeKCTe Harnero HccjieflOBaHH? HHrepecHo, hto 3tot momcht

HOBoro BxoacfleHHii b 3CTeTHKy, no Been

apxHTeKTypHOH npo?JieMaTHKH oomyio
TaKace ?biji H3BecTeH h otmchch ijhth
BepOHTHOcTH, MaHflejibmTaMy cKpMTMM
?
BaacHoro TeKCTa ?OnbiTa o acHBonncH?
po?aHHeM Hpe3BMHa??HO flnflpo29.
3tot qbHJiocoqb hmcji, nponnx, h 3CTeTHnecKHe pe30HM hto?m cnnraTb
KpoMe
ce?a ?HOBMM CBH3MBafl 3CTeTHnecKoe b o?iijeM h
CoKpaTOM?30. nepeacHBaHHe,
H,ejioM, c yflOBOJibCTBHeM, nejioBeK nojiynaeT ot co3HaHHH nojie3HOCTH
KOTopoe
h noKa3MBa5i, hto flaace yflOBOJibCTBHe ot
co3epiraeMbix npeflMeTOB obopM,
jiecHoro ne?3aaca HaMHoro noBbimaeTca, Korfla nejioBeK ?bhaht b flepe?e,

BOJibHO b Jiecy, ManTy, KOTOpa? oflHaacflbi noflCTaBHT cbokd ropflyK)

pacTymeM

rojiOBy h BeTpaM? CTHxoTBopeHHe ?HamefliiiHH

?ypHM (cpaBHH noflKOBy?),
nblTaeTCH Ha 3TOH OCHOBe HCKHH O?teKTHBHMH npHH
JI,HflpO CqbopMyJIHpOBaTb
LlHn BKyca, MOaCHO ?MJIO 6m MOflHOMy B to BpeMH
KOTOpblli npOTHBOnOCTaBHTb
? oh b caMOM
3CTeTHnecKOMy pejiHTHBH3My. ?TaK hto ace TaKoe
BKyc??
nnmeT
? c
KOHii,e ?OnbiTa?. ?JlerKOCTb, npHo?peTaeMaa noBTopHMMH onbiTaMH,
KaKOH nocTHraemb hcthhhoc hjih co bccmh o?cTOHTejibCTBaMH, flejiaio
flo?poe
hthmh ero npeKpacHMM, cnoco?HocTb h acHBo npoHHKaTbca BceM 3thm?.
6biCTpo
3CTeTHHecKoro k
fljiH noacHeHHfl 3TO?? fle(})HHHn,HH nyBCTBa aBTop anejiJinpyeT
He3aflOJiro nepefl TeM HCCJieflOBamrH npoHHOCTH
pe3yjibTaTaM ony?JiHKOBaHHbix
cbhtoto b Phmc OKa3ajiocb, hto MHKejiaHflacejio
Kynojia co?opa neTpa
Kynojiy MaKCHMajibHOH nejie
HHTyHTHBHO npHflaji abopMy, o?JiaflaBHiyio
MaKCHMajibHOH H oflHOBpeMeHHO b rjia3ax
coo6pa3HOCTbK), ycToi?HHBOCTbK).
KaK h Bcex ero coBpeMemiHKOB hccomhchho 3to 6biJia ?npeKpacHenmaa
flnflpo,
H3 ?Kto BHymHJi MHKejiaHflacejio H3?paTb 3Ty kphbvkd cpeflH 6ec
qbopM?.
HHCJieHHoro MHoacecTBa BonpomaeT qbHJiocoqb. H OTBenaeT: ?noB
flpyrnx??
CeflHeBHM?? OnblT aCH3HH?. OnblT, n03BOJIflK3HIHH HHTyHTHBHO HaXOflHTb KpaT
naomne nyTH k nojie3HOMy, b ero npeflCTaBJieHHH h ecTb BKyc, nyBCTBO Kpa

28. HanOojiee nocjieflOBaTejibHaa nonbiTKa HCCJieflOBaTb BJinaHHe pHTOpHKH Ha

apxHTeKTypHyio Teopnio cflejiaHa b kh.: C. van Eck, Organicism in nineteenth

century architecture: An inquiry into its theoretical and philosophical background,

Amsterdam, 1994.

29. H. Anflpo, ?OnbiT o acHBonncH?, rjiaBa ceflbMaa H. Hraa

(pyccKHH nepeBOfl
toboh H3 kh.: u Aumepamypnan
fleHH Jl,Hflpo, ScmemuKa KpumuKa, MocKBa,
1980, cc 367-370).
30. >KaH Ce3HeK npeacfle yKa3aji Ha MopajibHyio (j3HJiocoabHio fluflpo KaK
HCTOHHHK TaKOH HfleHTHobHKauHH: J. Seznec, Essais sur Diderot et Vantiquit?,
Oxford, 1957, pp. 2, 15.

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 114 LOLA KANTOR-KAZOVSKY

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Eepe?cKu? ynueepcumem
HepycajiuM

e-mail: Lola. Kazovsky @ huji. ac. il

31. Cm. E. A. Toflflec, yKa3. con.

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