EXERCISE 9.

1 BASIC INTEGRATION FORMULAS

1. 6𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 5 𝑑𝑥 7.
𝑥 3 −8
𝑑𝑥
𝑥−2
6𝑥 3 4𝑥 2
= − + 5𝑥 + 𝑐 = Factor, (x-c), c = 2
3 2
P(c) = 0 – the (x-c ) is the factor
= 𝟐𝒙𝟑 − 𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓𝒙 + 𝒄 P(c) = 0
2 1 0 0 -8
2 4 8
12 4 0

(𝑋 2 +2𝑋+4)(𝑋−2)
=
3. 𝑥( 𝑥 − 1)𝑑𝑥 (𝑋−2)

= 𝑥 𝑥 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = (𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 4)𝑑𝑥

3 𝑥3 2𝑥 2
= 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑑𝑥
2
= 3
+ 2
+ 4𝑥 + 𝑐

𝟐 𝟓 𝒙𝟑
= 𝒙𝟐 −
𝟏 𝟐
𝒙 +𝒄 = 𝟑
+ 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 + 𝒄
𝟓 𝟐

5.
2𝑥 2 +4𝑥−3
𝑑𝑥 9. 𝑥 4 − 2𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2
2
4 3 = 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 − 2𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑥
= 2+ 𝑋
− 𝑋2
𝑑𝑥
𝟓
4 3 𝒙𝟑 𝟔𝟑 𝒙𝟐
= 2𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑑𝑥 = − + +𝑪
𝑥 𝑥2 𝟑 𝟓 𝟐

𝑑𝑥 3𝑥 −1
= 2𝑥 + 4 − 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 −1

𝟑
= 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟒𝒍𝒏𝒙 + 𝒙
+𝒄

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 1

EXERCISE 9.2 INTEGRATION BY SUBSTITUTION

(2𝑥+3)𝑑𝑥
1. 2 − 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 5. 𝑥 2 +3𝑥+4
𝑑𝑢
Let u = 2 - 3x𝑑𝑥 = −3 𝑑𝑢
Let u = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 4 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 3

−𝑑𝑢
= 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 = (2𝑥 + 3)𝑑𝑥
3
𝑑𝑢
1
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑢
= 𝑢 2 (− 3 )
= 𝑙𝑛𝑢 + 𝑐
1 1
=− 𝑢 𝑑𝑢2
3 = 𝐥𝐧 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟒 + 𝒄
3
1 2𝑥 2
= −3 3
+𝑐
𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
𝟑
7. (𝑥 3 −1)4
𝟐 𝟐−𝟑𝒙 𝟐
=− 𝟗
+𝒄
𝑑𝑢
Let u = 𝑥 3 − 1 𝑑𝑥 = 3𝑥 2

𝑑𝑢
2
3. 𝑥 (2𝑥 − 1) 𝑑𝑥 3 4 = 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
3

Let u = 2𝑥 3 − 1 𝑑𝑢
= 3
𝑥4
𝑑𝑢
= 6𝑥 2 1
𝑑𝑥 = 3
𝑢−4
𝑑𝑢 1 𝑢 −3
= 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = +𝑐
6 3 −3

𝑢 −3
= 𝑥 2 (2𝑥 3 − 1)4 𝑑𝑥 = −9
+𝑐

𝟏
𝑑𝑢 4 = − 𝟗(𝒙𝟑−𝟏)𝟑 + 𝒄
= (𝑢 )( )
6

1
= (𝑢4 )𝑑𝑢
6

1 𝑢5
= +𝑐
6 5

𝑢5
= 30 + 𝑐

(𝟐𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏)𝟓
= +𝒄
𝟑𝟎

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 2

EXERCISE 9.2 INTEGRATION BY SUBSTITUTION

9.
𝑑𝑥 13. cos4 𝑥 sin 𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑥𝑙𝑛 2 𝑥
𝑑𝑢
Let u = 𝑙𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥
𝑑𝑢 1 Let u = cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= −sin 𝑥

𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 = −sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 =
𝑥 = 𝑢4 −𝑑𝑢
1 𝑑𝑥
= ( )
𝑙𝑛 2 𝑥 𝑥 = - 𝑢4 𝑑𝑢
1
= 𝑑𝑢 𝑢5
𝑢2 =− 5
+𝑐

= 𝑢−2 𝑑𝑢 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟓 𝒙
=− +𝒄
𝟓
𝑢 −1
= +𝑐
−1

𝟏
= − 𝒍𝒏𝒙 + 𝒄

15. 1 + 2 sin 3𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑥 Let u = 3𝑥
11.
𝑒 𝑥 −1
𝑑𝑢
Let u = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 =3
𝑑𝑥
1 1
= ( − )𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑢−1 𝑢
= 𝑑𝑥
3
1 1
= 𝑢−1
𝑑𝑢 − 𝑢
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢
= 1 + 2 sin 𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢 ( 3 )
Let v = 𝑢 − 1
1
= 1 + 2 sin 𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑣 3
= 𝑑𝑢
𝑢 Let v =1 + 2 sin 𝑢
1 1
= 𝑑𝑣 − 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑣
𝑢 𝑢
𝑑𝑢
= 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢 ; 2
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢𝑑𝑢
= 𝑙𝑛𝑢 − 𝑙𝑛𝑢 + 𝑐
= 1 + 2 sin 3𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑢 =𝑢−1 ; 𝑢 = 𝑒𝑥 1
1 𝑑𝑣
= 3
[ 𝑣 2 ( 2 )]
= ln⁡|𝑢 − 1| − ln⁡|𝑒 𝑥 | + 𝑐
3
1 2𝑣 2
(1 − 𝑒 𝑥 )
= ln⁡ = +𝑐
6 3

= 𝐥𝐧 𝟏 − 𝒆𝒙 − 𝒙 + 𝒄 𝟑
(𝟏+𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙)𝟐
= +𝒄
𝟗

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 3

EXERCISE 9.2 INTEGRATION BY SUBSTITUTION

𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 3𝑥 2 +14𝑥+14

17. 𝑎+𝑏 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
` 21. 𝑥+4
𝑑𝑥

Let u = 𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑓 (𝑥) 𝑅 𝑥

= 𝑔 (𝑥)
= 𝑄 𝑥 𝑑 𝑥 + 𝑔 𝑥
𝑑(𝑥)
𝑑𝑢 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑢
=𝑏 ; = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 * using synthetic division
𝑑𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑏

𝑑𝑢
-4 3 14 13
= 𝑏
𝑢
-12 -8
1 𝑑𝑢
=𝑏 𝑢
3 2 5 - R(x)
𝟏
= 𝐥𝐧 𝒂 + 𝒃𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙 + 𝒄
𝒃 𝑄 𝑥 = 3𝑥 + 2

𝑥 + 4 = 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑔(𝑥)
5
= (3𝑥 + 2) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥+4
𝑑𝑥

For the second integral :

2
19. 𝑡𝑎𝑛3𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 3𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑥 + 4 ; = 1 ; 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
Let u = 𝑡𝑎𝑛3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = (3𝑥 + 2)𝑑𝑥 + 5
= 3𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 3𝑥 ; = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 3𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝑢
𝑑𝑥 3
3𝑥 2
1
𝑑𝑢 =[ + 2𝑥 + 5𝑙𝑛𝑢 + 𝑐]
= 𝑢 2 (3) 2

𝟑𝒙𝟐
1
3
2𝑢 2
= 𝟐
+ 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓𝐥𝐧⁡
(𝒙 + 𝟒) + 𝒄
= 3
[ 3 ]+𝑐

3
1 2tan 3𝑥 2
= 3 3
+𝑐

𝟑
𝟐(𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟑𝒙)𝟐
= 𝟗
+𝒄

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 4

EXERCISE 9.2 INTEGRATION BY SUBSTITUTION

𝑥 5 −2𝑥 3 −2𝑥
23. 𝑥 2 +1
𝑑𝑥

𝑥 3 − 3𝑥
𝑥 2 + 1 𝑥 5 − 2𝑥 3 − 2𝑥
𝑥5 + 𝑥3
−3𝑥 3 − 2𝑥
−3𝑥 3 − 3𝑥
𝑥

𝑓(𝑥) 𝑅(𝑥)
𝑔(𝑥)
dx = 𝑄 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥

𝑥
= 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 2 +1
𝑑𝑥

𝑥4 3𝑥 2 𝑥
=4 − 2
+ 𝑥 2 +1
𝑑𝑥

For the 2nd term

Let u = x2+1

𝑑𝑢
= 2𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
= 𝑥𝑑𝑥
2
𝑑𝑢
𝑥4 3𝑥 2
=4 − 2 + 𝑢
2

𝒙𝟒 𝟑𝒙𝟐 𝟏
= 𝟒
− 𝟐
+ 𝟐 𝐥𝐧 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏 + 𝒄

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 5

EXERCISE 9.3 INTEGRATION OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

1. 𝑠𝑒𝑐5𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛5𝑥𝑑𝑥 cos 3 𝑥𝑑𝑥 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥

7. .
1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 5𝑥 (cos 3 𝑥) 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= (1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 )(1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 )
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥
=5 5
= 𝑑𝑥
(co s 3 𝑥+cos 3 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
= 1−sin 2 𝑥
𝑑𝑢
= 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑢 5
cos 3 𝑥 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1
= cos 3 𝑥
= 5 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑢𝑑𝑢
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1
=5 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑢 + 𝑐
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝟏
=𝟓 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟓𝒙 + 𝒄 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑑𝑢
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ; 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 +𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
3. 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑢𝑑𝑢
𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝑥

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑢2
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + +𝑐
2
1
= 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝒙
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 + 𝟐
+𝒄

= 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥𝑑𝑥

= − 𝒍𝒏 𝒄𝒔𝒄𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝒙 − 𝒄𝒔𝒄𝒙 + 𝒄

9. 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

= (1 + 2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + tan2 𝑥)𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑥 1
5. 1 1 ; Let u= 2 𝑥 = [2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + (1 + tan2 𝑥)]𝑑𝑥
sin 𝑥 cot 𝑥
2 2

𝑑𝑢 1 = 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 + sec 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥

= 2𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 2
= 2 −𝑙𝑛|𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥| + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐
2𝑑𝑢
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑢
= −𝟐 𝒍𝒏 |𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙| + 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙 + 𝒄
𝑑𝑢
=2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑢

𝑑𝑢
=2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢 ( )
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢

1
=2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢
(𝑑𝑢)

= 2 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑑𝑢

= 𝟐𝒍𝒏 𝒄𝒔𝒄𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝒙 + 𝒄

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 6

EXERCISE 9.3 INTEGRATION OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

𝑐𝑜𝑠 6𝑥𝑑𝑥 4 sin 2 𝑥𝑐𝑜 𝑠 2 𝑥

11. 15. 𝑑𝑥
cos 2 3𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥

Let u = 3x ; 2u = 6x =
(4𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 )(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 )
𝑑𝑥
2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
=3 ; = 𝑑𝑥 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑑𝑥 3 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥
𝑑𝑢
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑢
3
= cos 2 𝑢 =
𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥
2 1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢
= 𝑑𝑢 Let u = 2x
3 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢

2 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
= 3 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
=2 2
= 𝑑𝑥

𝟐 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢 𝑑𝑢
= 𝟑 𝐥𝐧 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟑𝒙 + 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟑𝒙 + 𝒄 .
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢 2

1
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑢𝑑𝑢
2

𝟏
= − 𝐥𝐧 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒙 + 𝒄
𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝟐
13. 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜 𝑠 2 𝑥

2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥
= (2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 )𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥
17. 𝑠𝑖𝑛 3𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛 3𝑥
𝑑𝑥
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 Let u = 3x
1 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑑𝑥 =3 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 3

= 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢

= 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑢
3

= 𝒍𝒏 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙 + 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙 + 𝒄
1
=3 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑢 + 𝑐

𝟏
= − 𝟑 𝒄𝒔𝒄𝟑𝒙 + 𝒄

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 7

EXERCISE 9.4 INTEGRATION OF EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS

𝑑𝑥
1. 3𝑥
𝑒 2𝑥 5. 𝑒 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 2 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑒 −2𝑥 dx
3𝑥 2𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = ; = 𝑑𝑥
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 2𝑥 ; = −2 ; − = 𝑑𝑥 2 3
𝑑𝑥 2
2𝑑𝑢
= 𝑒 𝑢 (−
𝑑𝑢
) = 𝑒𝑢 ( 3
)
2
1 2
=− 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 3 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
2
1
=− 2 𝑒 𝑢 + 𝑐 2 3𝑥
= 3
𝑒2 +𝑐
1
=− 2𝑒 𝑢 + 𝑐
𝟐 𝒆𝟑𝒙
𝟏 = +𝒄
=− 𝟐 (𝒆−𝟐𝒙 ) + 𝒄 𝟑

3. 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛 4𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑥𝑑𝑥
7. 53−2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 4𝑥 ; =4; = 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 4 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 3 − 2𝑥 ; = −2 ; − = 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢(
𝑑𝑢
) 𝑑𝑥 2
4
𝑑𝑢
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢 = 5𝑢 (− )
= 𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢𝑑𝑢 2
4
1
𝑑𝑣 = − 2 5𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑣 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢 ; = cos 𝑢 ; 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢
1 53−2𝑥
1
= −2 𝑙𝑛 5
+𝑐
= 𝑒 𝑣 𝑑𝑣
4
𝟓𝟑−𝟐𝒙
1 =− +𝒄
=4 𝑒𝑣 + 𝑐 𝒍𝒏𝟐𝟓

𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟒𝒙
= 𝟒
+𝒄

9. 3𝑥 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑎 𝑥 𝑏 𝑥 = (𝑎𝑏)𝑥

= 6𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝟔𝒙
= 𝒍𝒏𝟔 + 𝒄

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 8

EXERCISE 9.5 INTEGRATION OF HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS

𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑕 2 𝑙𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥
5.
1. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑕 3𝑥 − 1 𝑑𝑥 𝑥

Let u = 3𝑥 − 1 𝑑𝑢 1 𝑑𝑥
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑙𝑛𝑥 ; = ; 𝑑𝑢 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
= 3 ; 𝑑𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 3 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑕2 𝑢𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑕 𝑢 ( 3 ) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑕𝑢 + 𝑐

1 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒉⁡
(𝒍𝒏𝒙) + 𝒄
= 3
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑕 𝑢𝑑𝑢

1
= 3
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑕 𝑢𝑑𝑢 +c
1 1
=
𝟏
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟏 + 𝒄 7. 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑕 2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑕 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝟑
1 𝑑𝑢 1
Let u = 2 𝑥 ; 𝑑𝑥
= 2
; 2𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥

= 2 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑕𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑕𝑢𝑑𝑢

3. 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑕2 1 − 𝑥 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 2(−𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑕𝑢 + 𝑐)

Let u=1 − 𝑥 2 = −𝟐𝒄𝒔𝒄𝒉 𝒙 + 𝒄

𝟏
𝟐
𝑑𝑢
= -2𝑥
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑢
− = 𝑥𝑑𝑥
2
𝑑𝑢
= 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑕2 𝑢(− 2
)

1
=− 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑕2 𝑢𝑑𝑢
2

1
=− 2 (−𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑕𝑢 + 𝑐)

𝟏
= 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝒉 𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒄
𝟐

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 9

EXERCISE 9.6 APPLICATION OF INDEFINITE INTEGRATION

𝑦2
1. Given slope 3𝑥 2 + 4 7. Given slope , through 1,4
𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 3𝑥 2 + 4 𝑑𝑦 𝑦 2
𝑑𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 + 4 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
=
𝑦2 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 + 4 𝑑𝑥
1
3𝑥 3
− = 𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑦= + 4𝑥 + 𝑐 4
3
1
𝒚 = 𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 + 𝒄 − ln 𝑥 − =𝑐
4
1
− ln 1 − =𝑐
𝑥+1 4
3. Given slope 𝑦−1 1
𝑐=−
𝑑𝑦 𝑥 + 1 4
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑦 − 1 1 1
− ln 𝑥 − + = 0 4𝑦
𝑦 4
𝑦 − 1 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥
−4𝑦 ln 𝑥 − 4 + 𝑦 = 0
𝑥2
𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 = 2
+𝑥+𝑐 2 𝟒𝒚 𝐥𝐧 𝒙 − 𝒚 + 𝟒 = 𝟎

𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2𝑐

𝒙𝟐 − 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐𝒄 = 𝟎 9. Given slope 𝑦, through 1,1

𝑑𝑦
= 𝑦
1
𝑑𝑥
5. Given slope 𝑥𝑦 1
𝑦 −2 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑥𝑦 1
𝑦2
=𝑥+𝑐
𝑑𝑥 1
𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 2
𝑥
1
𝑦2 ln 𝑥 2 2𝑦 2 =𝑥+𝑐
2
= 2
+𝑐 2
When 𝑥 = 1 , 𝑦 = 1
𝟐 𝟐
𝒚 = 𝒍𝒏𝒙 + 𝟐𝒄
2 1 =1+𝑐 ; 𝑐 =1
1 2
2𝑦 2 =𝑥+𝑐

𝟐
𝟒𝒚 = 𝒙 + 𝟏

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 10

EXERCISE 9.6 APPLICATION OF INDEFINITE INTEGRATION

11. Given slope 𝑥 −2 , through 1,2 v = -32t + vo

𝑑𝑦 1 when t = 1 sec, s=h=48ft
= 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
h=-16t2+ vot + c1
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 = 48 = -16(1)2 + vo(1) + c2
𝑥2
1 64 - vo = c2
𝑦 =− +𝑐
𝑥
When t = 0, s = 0, c2 = 0
1
2=− +𝑐 s = -16t2 + vot
1
2 = −1 + 𝑐 when t = 1 sec, s = 48

𝑐=3 s = -16t2 + c1t

1 48 = -16(1)2 + c1(1)
𝑦 = − +3 x
𝑥
c1=64
𝑥𝑦 = −1 + 3𝑥
s=-16t2 + 64t
𝒙𝒚 − 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏 = 𝟎
v = -32t + 64

@ max, v = 0
13.
0 = -32t + 64
a=-32 ft/sec2
32t=64
a=-2
t = 2 sec
𝑑𝑦
= −32 s = -16t2 + 64t
𝑑𝑡
s = -16(2)2 + 64(2)
𝑑𝑣 = −32𝑑𝑡
s = 64ft
v=-32t+c
𝑑𝑠
= −32𝑡 + 𝑐1
𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑠 = (−32𝑡 + 𝑐1 )𝑑𝑡

s=16t2 + c1t + c2

when t = 0, v = vo

v=-32t + c1

vo= -32(0) + c1

vo =c1
DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 11
EXERCISE 9.6 APPLICATION OF INDEFINITE INTEGRATION

15.

a = 32ft/sec2

a = 32
𝑑𝑣
= 32
𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑣 = 32𝑑𝑡

v = 32t + c1
𝑑𝑠
= 32𝑡 + 𝑐1
𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑠 = 32𝑡 + 𝑐1 𝑑𝑡

S = 16t2 + c1 + c2

when t = 0, v = 0

c1 = 0

v = 32t

when t = 0 , s = 0

c2 = 0

s = 16t2
400
𝑡=
16

20
𝑡=
4
t = 5 sec

v = vt

*since it is a free falling body, its velocity is ( - )

vt = -32t

vt = -32(5)

vt = -160 ft/sec

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 12

EXERCISE 10.1 PRODUCT OF SINES AND COSINES

1. ʃ sin 5𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 5. ʃ cos 3𝑥 − 2𝜋 cos 𝑥 + 𝜋 𝑑𝑥

1
= 2 sin 𝑢 sin 𝑣 𝑑𝑥 = ʃ[cos 𝑢 + 𝑣 + cos⁡
(𝑢 − 𝑣)]𝑑𝑥
2
= [cos 𝑢 − 𝑥 − cos(𝑢 + 𝑣)]𝑑𝑥 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 3𝑥 − 2𝜋

𝑢 = 5𝑥 𝑣=𝑥 𝑣 =𝑥+𝜋

1  𝑢 + 𝑣 = 3𝑥 − 2𝜋 + 𝑥 + 𝜋
= ʃ[cos 5𝑥 − 𝑥 − cos⁡
(5𝑥 + 𝑥)]𝑑𝑥
2
= 4𝑥 − 𝜋
1
= ʃ[cos 4𝑥 − cos 6𝑥]𝑑𝑥  𝑢 − 𝑣 = 3𝑥 − 2𝜋 − 𝑥 + 𝜋
2
1 = 2𝑥 − 3𝜋
= [ʃ cos 4𝑥𝑑𝑥 − ʃ cos 6𝑥𝑑𝑥
2
1
1 1 1 = ʃ[cos 4𝑥 − 𝜋 + cos(2𝑥 − 3𝜋)]𝑑𝑥
= [ sin 4𝑥 − sin 6𝑥 ]+𝐶 2
2 4 6

𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟒𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟔𝒙 𝑓𝑜𝑟 cos 4𝑥 − 𝜋 = cos 4𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜋 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜋

= − +𝑪
𝟖 𝟏𝟐 = −𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑥

𝑓𝑜𝑟 cos 2𝑥 − 3𝜋 = cos 2𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 3𝜋 + sin 2𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 3𝜋

= − cos 2𝑥
3. ʃ sin 9𝑥 − 3 cos 𝑥 + 5 𝑑𝑥 1
= ʃ(cos 4𝑥 − cos 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥
2
1
= ʃ [sin 9x − 3 + x + 5 + sin 9𝑥 − 3 − 𝑥 − 5 𝑑𝑥 1 1 1
2 = 2 [− 4 sin 4𝑥 − 2 sin 2𝑥] + 𝐶
1
= ʃ[sin 5𝑥 + 2 + sin(3𝑥 − 8)]𝑑𝑥 𝟏 𝟏
2 = − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟒𝒙 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒙 + 𝑪
𝟖 𝟒
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑧 = 5𝑥 + 2 ; 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑤 = 3𝑥 − 8
𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑤
=5 ; =3
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑤
= 𝑑𝑥 ; = 𝑑𝑥
5 3
1 1 1
= 2 [− cos 𝑧 5
− 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑤] + 𝐶

𝟏 𝟏
=− 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟐 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟖 + 𝑪
𝟏𝟎 𝟔

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 13

EXERCISE 10.1 PRODUCT OF SINES AND COSINES

7. 4 𝑠𝑖𝑛 8𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝜋 𝜋
9. 5 𝑠𝑖𝑛 4𝑥 + 3 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥 − 6 𝑑𝑥
= 2ʃ[sin 8𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 8𝑥 − 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 5
= ʃ[cos 𝑢 − 𝑣 − cos⁡
(𝑢 + 𝑣)]𝑑𝑥
= 2ʃ[𝑠𝑖𝑛11𝑥 + sin 5𝑥]𝑑𝑥 2
𝜋
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 11𝑥 ; 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑣 = 5𝑥 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 4𝑥 + ;
3
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣 𝜋 𝜋
= 11 ; =5  𝑢 − 𝑣 = 4𝑥 + 3 − 2𝑥 − 6
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= 2𝑥 + 𝜋/2
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣 𝜋
= 𝑑𝑥 ; = 𝑑𝑥 𝑣 = 2𝑥 −
11 5 6
1 1 𝜋 𝜋
= 2[− 11 cos 11𝑥 − 5 cos 5𝑥 ] + 𝐶  𝑢 + 𝑣 = 4𝑥 + 3 + 2𝑥 − 6
= 6𝑥 + 𝜋/6
𝟐 𝟐
=− 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏𝟏𝒙 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟓𝒙 + 𝑪
𝟏𝟏 𝟓 5 𝜋 𝜋
= ʃ[𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥 + − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 6𝑥 + ]𝑑𝑥
2 2 6
𝜋
 𝑓𝑜𝑟 cos 2𝑥 + 2
𝜋 𝜋
= cos 2𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 − sin 2𝑥 sin
2 2
= −𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥
𝜋
 𝑓𝑜𝑟 cos 6𝑥 +
6
𝜋 𝜋
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠 6𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 6𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛
6 6
3 1
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠 6𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 6𝑥
2 2

5 3 1
= ʃ[− 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 6𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 6𝑥 ]𝑑𝑥
2 2 2

5 1 3 1
= [ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 6𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑥 6𝑥 + 𝐶
2 2 12 12

𝟓 𝟓 𝟑 𝟓
= 𝟒
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟐𝟒
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟏𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟔𝒙 + 𝑪

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 14

EXERCISE 10.2 POWER OF SINES AND COSINES

1. 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝑥𝑑𝑥; 𝑏𝑦 𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝐼 1 𝑢5 𝑢7

= − +𝐶
3 5 7
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥
1 5 1
= 15
𝑢 − 21 𝑢7 + 𝐶
= (1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥)2𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝟏 𝟏
= 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟓 𝟑𝒙 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟕 𝟑𝒙 + 𝑪
= (1 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝑥)𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝟏𝟓 𝟐𝟏

= (𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝑥 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 6 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 8 𝑥)𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 5. 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥

Let u = cosx = (𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥)2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑢 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 2 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
= −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 = ( ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 2 2

-𝑑𝑢 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 1 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 +

1
(𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 2𝑥 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
4
= 𝑑𝑥
= - (𝑢4 − 2𝑢6 + 𝑢8 )𝑑𝑢 4 2

2𝑢 6 𝑢5 𝑢9
1 1 1 1 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
= − − +𝐶 = − ( 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 2𝑥) + 𝑑𝑥
7 5 9 4 2 4 2 2

𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 1
= 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟕 𝒙 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟓 𝒙 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟗 𝒙 + 𝑪 = 1 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 2𝑥 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝟕 𝟓 𝟗 8
1
= (1 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 2𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥
8

1
= (1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 2𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥
8
3. 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 3𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 3𝑥𝑑𝑥 ; 𝑏𝑦 𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝐼𝐼
1
= 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥𝑑𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 2𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 2𝑥𝑑𝑥
= 4
𝑠𝑖𝑛 3𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 3𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥𝑑𝑥2 8

1 1 1 1 1 1
= [𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 − ( 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 2𝑥]
8 2 2 8 2 6

= 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 3𝑥 1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 3𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥𝑑𝑥

𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟒𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑 𝟐𝒙
= − − +𝑪
𝟏𝟔 𝟔𝟒 𝟒𝟖
= (𝑠𝑖𝑛4 3𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛6 3𝑥)𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥𝑑𝑥

Let u = sin3x
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
= 3𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥 ; = 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 3

𝑑𝑢
= ( 𝑢4 − 𝑢6 )
3

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 15

EXERCISE 10.2 POWER OF SINES AND COSINES

7. ( 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)2dx 𝟏𝟑. 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥)𝑑𝑥

= 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥
= 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 2𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1
1+𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥 + ( )𝑑𝑥
2 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥 ; 𝐷𝑢 = −2𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Let u = sinx 𝑑𝑢
= 1 − 𝑢2 −
2
𝑑𝑢
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑑𝑥 −1 𝑢3
= 2
𝑢− 3
+𝑐
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥
−𝟏 𝟏
1 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒄
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 2
1
𝑢 𝑑𝑢 +
2 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑥 𝟐 𝟔
2 2

2 3 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥
= -𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 2 3
𝑢2 +2+ 4
+𝐶
𝟏𝟓. 𝑠𝑖𝑛7 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝟑
𝟒 𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒙
= -𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 + 𝟑 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 + 𝟐 + 𝟒
+𝑪
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛7 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥

9. (𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛7 𝑥 1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥

= 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 3𝑥 + 2𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= 𝑠𝑖𝑛7 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛9 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥 u=sinx du=cosxdx
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑢7 − 𝑢9 𝑑𝑢
𝑥 1 1 𝑥 1
= 2 − 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛6𝑥 − 5 𝑐𝑜𝑠 5𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 2 + 8 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑢8 𝑢10
= 𝒙−
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟔𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟓𝒙
− 𝟓 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟒𝒙
+ 𝟖 + 𝒄 = − +𝑐
𝟏𝟐 8 10
𝟏 𝟏
= 𝟖
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟖 𝒙 − 𝟏𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟏𝟎 𝒙 + 𝒄

11. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠8𝑥
= 𝑑𝑥
2
1
=2 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠8𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟖𝒙
= + +𝒄
𝟐 𝟏𝟔

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 16

EXERCISE 10.3 POWER OF TANGENTS AND SECANTS

1. 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 2𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 4 2𝑥𝑑𝑥 1 2

5. ____ 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 → 𝑎𝑛𝑠. 𝑦 = 3 𝑡𝑎𝑛
3𝑥 𝑥
− 2𝑡𝑎𝑛 + 𝑥 + 𝑐
2 2

= 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 2𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 2𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 2𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚:

= 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 2𝑥(1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 2𝑥)𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 2𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥

= 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 + 1
𝑑𝑥 2 2 2
= (𝑡𝑎𝑛2 2𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛4 2𝑥)𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 2𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 − (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 − 1)
2 2 2
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝑥 ; = 2𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 2𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛2
𝑑𝑢 2 2 2
= 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 2𝑥𝑑𝑥
2 𝑥 𝑥
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 − 1)
𝑑𝑢 2 2
= (𝑢2 + 𝑢4 )( 2 )
𝑥 𝑥
1 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (𝑡𝑎𝑛2 )
= (𝑢2 + 𝑢4 )𝑑𝑢 2 2
2
𝑥
1 𝑢3 𝑢5
𝑑𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛4 dx
2
= 2 3
+
5
+𝑐
= 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆, 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒎𝒊𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎 𝒊𝒔 "𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟒 "
𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟑 𝟐𝒙 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟓 𝟐𝒙
= 𝟔
+ 𝟏𝟎
+𝒄

7. (𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥

3. 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 6 𝑥𝑑𝑥 ; 𝐶𝐴𝑆𝐸 𝐼 = (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 + 2𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
1
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 4 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + 2𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥(1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥)2 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + 2𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 + (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 − 1) 𝑑𝑥

1 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + 2𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 − 𝑥 + 𝑐

= 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥(1 + 2𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛4 𝑥)𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥
1 5 9
= 𝟐𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙 + 𝟐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙 − 𝒙 + 𝒄
2
= (𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 + 2𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥)𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥
2 2 2

𝑑𝑢
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 ; = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 ; 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
1 5 9
= (𝑢2 𝑥 + 2𝑢2 𝑥 + 𝑢2 𝑥)𝑑𝑢
3 7 11
2𝑢 2 4𝑢 2 2𝑢2
= 3
+ 7 + 11
+𝑐

𝟑 𝟕 𝟏𝟏
𝟐𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝒙 𝟒𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝒙 𝟐 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟐 𝒙
= 𝟑
+
𝟕
+
𝟏𝟏
+𝒄

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 17

EXERCISE 10.3 POWER OF TANGENTS AND SECANTS

𝑠𝑒𝑐 3𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛 3 𝑥
9. (𝑡𝑎𝑛 3𝑥 )4 𝑑𝑥 11. 𝑑𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥

𝑠𝑒𝑐 4 3𝑥 1
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 4 3𝑥
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛3 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 −2 𝑥𝑑𝑥

= 𝑠𝑒𝑐 4 3𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛−4 3𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 −2 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑑𝑥

3

= 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 3𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 3𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛−4 3𝑥𝑑𝑥 3

= (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 − 1)𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 −2 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑑𝑥
= 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 3𝑥(1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 3𝑥)𝑡𝑎𝑛−4 3𝑥𝑑𝑥 1 3
= (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −2 𝑥)𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑑𝑥
= (𝑡𝑎𝑛−4 3𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−2 3𝑥)𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 3𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 ; = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 3𝑥 ; = 3𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
= 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 3𝑥𝑑𝑥 1 3
3 = (𝑢2 − 𝑢−2 )𝑑𝑢
1
=3 (𝑢−4 + 𝑢−2 ) 𝑑𝑢 3
1
2𝑢 2
= − 2𝑢−2 + 𝑐
3
1 𝑢 −3 𝑢 −2
=3 −3
− 3
+𝑐 𝟑
𝟐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝒙 𝟐
= − 𝟏 +𝒄
1 𝑡𝑎𝑛 −3 3𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛 −1 3𝑥 𝟑
= 3 −3
−
3
+𝑐 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝒙

𝒄𝒐𝒕𝟑 𝟑𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝟑𝒙
= − 𝟗
− 𝟑 + 𝒄

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 18

EXERCISE 10.4 POWER OF COTANGENTS AND COSECANTS

1. 𝑐𝑜𝑡 4 𝑥𝑐𝑠𝑐 4 𝑥𝑑𝑥 5. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3𝑥 𝑐𝑠𝑐 4 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= 𝑐𝑜𝑡 4 𝑥(1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑥)𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 1

= 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 3𝑥 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 3𝑥 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= (𝑐𝑜𝑡 4 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 6 𝑥)𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 1
= 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 3𝑥 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 3𝑥 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥 ; = −𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥 ; 𝑑𝑢 = −𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 1 5
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 3𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 3𝑥 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= − (𝑢4 + 𝑢6 )𝑑𝑢
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 3𝑥
𝑢5 𝑢7
=- + +c 𝑑𝑢 𝑑 𝑥
5 7 = −3 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 3𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝒄𝒐𝒕𝟓 𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝟕 𝒙
= - 𝟓
+ 𝟕
+ c 𝑑𝑢
− = 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
3
1 1 5

3. 𝑐𝑜𝑡 5 4𝑥𝑑𝑥 =− 𝑢2 + 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢
3
= 𝑐𝑜𝑡 3 4𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 4𝑥𝑑𝑥 1 𝑢2
3 7
𝑢2
=− 3 + 7 +𝑐
3
3 2
= 𝑐𝑜𝑡 4𝑥(𝑐𝑠𝑐 4𝑥 − 1)𝑑𝑥 2 2

𝟐 𝟑 𝟐 𝟕
= (𝑐𝑜𝑡 3 4𝑥𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 4𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡 3 4𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = − 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝟐 𝟑𝒙 − 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝟐 𝟑𝒙 + 𝒄
𝟗 𝟐𝟏
= [𝑐𝑜𝑡 3 4𝑥𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 4𝑥 − (𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 4𝑥 − 1)𝑐𝑜𝑡4𝑥]𝑑𝑥

= 𝑐𝑜𝑡 3 4𝑥𝑐𝑠𝑐2 4𝑥𝑑𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡4𝑥𝑐𝑠𝑐2 4𝑥𝑑𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡4𝑥𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑢
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 4𝑥 ; = 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 4𝑥𝑑𝑥
−4
1 1 1
=− 4 𝑢3 𝑑𝑢 − 4 𝑢𝑑𝑢 + 4 𝑙𝑛⁡(𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑥)

1 𝑢4 𝑢2 1
=− 4 4
𝑑𝑥 −
2
+ 𝑙𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑥 + 𝑐
4

𝒄𝒐𝒕𝟒 𝟒𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝟐 𝟒𝒙 𝟏
= − 𝟏𝟔
+ 𝟖
+ 𝟒 𝒍𝒏 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟒𝒙 + 𝒄

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 19

EXERCISE 10.4 POWER OF COTANGENTS AND COSECANTS

𝑐𝑜𝑠 5 2𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 5 2𝑥𝑑𝑥 1 𝑐𝑠𝑐 4 𝑥

7. = 𝑑𝑥 9. 𝑐𝑜𝑡 6 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛 8 2𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 5 2𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 3 2𝑥

= 𝑐𝑜𝑡 5 2𝑥 𝑐𝑠𝑐 3 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 \ = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −6 𝑥 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= 𝑐𝑜𝑡 4 2𝑥 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 2𝑥 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −6 𝑥 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑥 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 2𝑥 − 1 2
𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 2𝑥 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −6 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −4 𝑥 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= 𝑐𝑠𝑐 4 2𝑥 − 2 𝑐𝑠𝑐2 2𝑥 + 1 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 2𝑥 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑙𝑒𝑡: 𝑢 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥

= 𝑐𝑠𝑐 6 2𝑥 − 2 𝑐𝑠𝑐 4 2𝑥 + 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 2𝑥 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢

= − 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2𝑥
−𝑑𝑢 = 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 𝑑(𝑥)
= −2 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2𝑥 = −1 𝑢−6 + 𝑢−4 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
− = 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑢−5 𝑢−3
2 = −1 − − +𝑐
5 3
1
=− 𝑢6 − 2𝑢4 + 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −5 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −3 𝑥
2 = + +𝑐
5 3
1 𝑢7 2𝑢 5 𝑢3
=− − + +𝑐 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟓 𝒙 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟑 𝒙
2 7 5 3
= + +𝒄
𝟓 𝟑
𝒄𝒔𝒄𝟕 𝟐𝒙 𝒄𝒔𝒄𝟓 𝟐𝒙 𝒄𝒔𝒄𝟑 𝟐𝒙
= − + − +𝒄
𝟏𝟒 𝟓 𝟔

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 20

EXERCISE 10.5 TRIGONOMETRIC SUBSTITUTIONS

𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1. 3. ;
4−𝑥 2 𝑥 9𝑥 2 +4

𝑥 = 𝑢 ; 𝑎 = 2 ; 22 − 𝑥 2 𝑢 = 3𝑥

𝑢 = 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝑎=2
𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = 𝑢 = 𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
2
𝑥 = 2𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
3𝑥 = 2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑑𝜃
2 3𝑥
𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 ; 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 =
= 3 2
4 − 𝑥2
2
4 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃𝑑𝜃
= 3
2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
9𝑥 2 + 4
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 =
=4 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃𝑑𝜃 2

1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃𝑑𝜃 2𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 = 9𝑥 2 + 4
=4
2 𝑑𝑥
=
1 𝑥 𝑥 9𝑥 2 + 4
=2 𝑑𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 + 𝐶 ; 𝜃 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−( )
2 2 2
3
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃𝑑𝜃
𝑥 1 =
= 2[𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛 − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 ]2 + C 2
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃2𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃
2 2 3

𝒙 𝒙 𝟒 − 𝒙𝟐 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃𝑑𝜃
= 𝟐𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒔𝒊𝒏 −𝟐 +𝑪 =
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
1
1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑑𝜃
2
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

1 1
= 𝑑𝜃
2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃

1
= 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝜃𝑑𝜃
2
1
= 2
[-𝑙𝑛⁡|𝑐𝑠𝑐𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃|] + 𝐶

𝟏 𝟗𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒 𝟐
= − 𝒍𝒏 − +𝑪
𝟐 𝟑𝒙 𝟑𝒙

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 21

EXERCISE 10.5 TRIGONOMETRIC SUBSTITUTIONS

𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
5. 3
9−4𝑥 2
9−𝑥 2 2 7. 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2
𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑎 = 3 ; 𝑢 = 2𝑥
=
9− 𝑥2 3
𝑢 = 𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 ; 2𝑥 = 3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
= 3
9 − 𝑥2 9 − 𝑥2 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
2
𝑢=𝑥 ; 𝑎=3 2𝑥
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
3
𝑢 = 𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
3
𝑥 = 3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑑𝜃
2
𝑑𝑥 = 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 2𝑥
𝜃 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( )
3
(3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)2 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
= 3
9 − (3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)2 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 ( 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑑𝜃 )
= 3
2
( 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 )2
9𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 2
=
1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 (3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑑𝜃 )
= 3
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 2( 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 )2
2
=
(1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃)
9𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃𝑑𝜃
= 9
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 2( )
= 𝑑𝜃 4𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝜃
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃

= 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃𝑑𝜃 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃𝑑𝜃

= 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 − 𝜃
𝒙 𝒙
= − 𝑨𝒓𝒄𝒔𝒊𝒏 + 𝒄
𝟗 − 𝒙𝟐 𝟑

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 22

EXERCISE 10.5 TRIGONOMETRIC SUBSTITUTIONS

𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
9. ; 𝑤𝑕𝑒𝑟𝑒: 𝑢 = 𝑥 , 𝑎 = 2 11.
𝑥 2 +4 2 𝑥 𝑥 2 −9
𝑎 = 3 ;𝑢 = 𝑥
𝑥
𝑥 = 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 ; 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 =
2 𝑢 = 𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃
𝑥 𝑥 = 3𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 ; 𝑑𝑥 = 3𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃𝑑𝜃
𝐷𝑥 = 2 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃𝑑𝜃 ; 𝜃 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 2 𝑥 𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 = ; 𝜃 = 𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑐
3 3

𝑥2 + 4 x
x
𝑥2 − 9
2

𝑥2 + 4
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 =
2
2
3
2𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 = 𝑥2 + 4

4 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 = 𝑥 2 + 4
𝑥2 − 9
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = ; 3𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = 𝑥2 − 9
2
2 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃𝑑𝜃 3
=
4 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 2 𝑑𝑥 3𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃𝑑𝜃
= =
2 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝜃 1 𝑑𝜃 𝑥 𝑥2 − 9 3𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃(3𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃)
= = =
16 𝑠𝑒𝑐 4 𝜃 2
8 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 8 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
=
1 3
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃𝑑𝜃
8 1
= 3
𝜃
1 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜗
= 𝑑𝜃 𝟏 𝒙
8 2 = 𝑨𝒓𝒄𝒔𝒆𝒄 + 𝒄
𝟑 𝟑
1 1 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃
= 𝑑𝜃 + 𝑑𝜃
8 2 2
1 1 1
=8 2
𝜃 + 4 (2)𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 𝑐

𝟏 𝟏
= 𝜽+ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 + 𝒄
𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 23

EXERCISE 10.5 TRIGONOMETRIC SUBSTITUTIONS

3
𝑑𝑥
𝑥 2 − 16 2 𝟏𝟓.
𝟏𝟑. ( ) 2𝑥 − 3 5 − 12𝑥 + 4𝑥 2
𝑥3

𝑢 = 𝑥; 𝑎 = 4 5 − 12𝑥 + 4𝑥 2 = 2𝑥 − 9 − 4

𝑥 𝑎 = 2 ; 𝑢 = 2𝑥 − 3
𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐∅ ; 𝑥 = 4𝑠𝑒𝑐∅ ; 𝑠𝑒𝑐∅ =
4
𝑢 = 𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑐∅ ; 2𝑥 − 3 = 2𝑠𝑒𝑐∅
𝑥
∅ = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑐∅
4 2𝑥 − 3 = 2𝑠𝑒𝑐∅ ; 2𝑥 = 2𝑠𝑒𝑐∅ + 3

𝑥 3 = 64 sec 3 ∅; 𝑑𝑥 = 4𝑠𝑒𝑐∅𝑡𝑎𝑛∅𝑑∅ 2𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑠𝑒𝑐∅𝑡𝑎𝑛∅

𝑥 2 − 16 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐∅𝑡𝑎𝑛∅
𝑡𝑎𝑛∅ = ; 4𝑡𝑎𝑛∅ = 𝑥 2 − 16
4
2𝑥 − 3
3 𝑠𝑒𝑐∅ =
( 4𝑡𝑎𝑛∅ (4𝑠𝑒𝑐∅𝑡𝑎𝑛∅𝑑∅)) 2
=
(64sec3 )
2𝑥 − 3
∅ = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑐
tan4 ∅𝑑∅ 2
=4
sec⁡^2∅ 2
2𝑥 − 3 −4
𝑡𝑎𝑛∅ =
(sec 2 −1)^2𝑑∅ 2
=4
sec 2 ∅ 2
2𝑡𝑎𝑛∅ = 2𝑥 − 3 −4
sec 4 −2 sec 2 ∅ + 1
=4 (𝑠𝑒𝑐∅𝑡𝑎𝑛∅)
sec 2 ∅ =
2𝑠𝑒𝑐∅2𝑡𝑎𝑛∅
sec 4 ∅ − 2 sec 2 ∅ + 1
=4 1 𝑠𝑒𝑐∅𝑡𝑎𝑛∅
sec 2 ∅ =
4 𝑠𝑒𝑐∅𝑡𝑎𝑛∅

=4 sec 2 ∅ − 2 + 1/ sec 2 ∅𝑑∅ 1

= 𝑑∅
4
1
= 4(𝑡𝑎𝑛∅ − 2∅ + 2 ∅ + 𝑠𝑖𝑛∅𝑐𝑜𝑠∅ 1 2𝑥−3
= ∅; ∅ = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑐
4 2
𝒙 𝟖 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟔 𝟏 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑
= 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟔 − 𝟔 𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐬𝐞𝐜 + +𝒄 = 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒔𝒆𝒄 + 𝒄
𝟒 𝒙𝟐 𝟒 𝟐

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 24

EXERCISE 10.6 ADDITIONAL STANDARD FORMULAS

𝑑𝑥
𝟏. 𝟕. 36 − 9𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2 + 25

Let: 𝑢 = 𝑥 Let: 𝑎 = 6

𝑎=5 𝑢 = 3𝑥

𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢
= 𝑑𝑥
3
𝟏 𝒙
= 𝑨𝒓𝒄𝒕𝒂𝒏 + 𝒄 1 3𝑥 1 3𝑥
𝟓 𝟓 = 36 − 9𝑥 2 + 8𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛 +𝑐
3 2 3 6
1 3𝑥 1 𝑥
=3 2
36 − 9𝑥 2 + 3 8𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 + 𝑐
𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝟑.
1 − 𝑥4 𝒙 𝒙
= 𝟑𝟔 − 𝟗𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝑨𝒓𝒄𝒔𝒊𝒏 + 𝒄
𝟐 𝟐
Let: 𝑢 = 𝑥 2

𝑎=1

𝑑𝑢
= 𝑑𝑥
2 𝟗. 16𝑥 2 + 25𝑑𝑥
1 𝑥2
= 𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛 + 𝑐 Let: 𝑎 = 5
2 1
𝟏 𝑢 = 4𝑥
= 𝑨𝒓𝒄𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙𝟐 + 𝒄
𝟐
𝑑𝑢
= 𝑑𝑥
4
𝑑𝑥 1 4𝑥 1 52
𝟓. = 16𝑥 2 + 25 + 𝑙𝑛 4𝑥 + 16𝑥 2 + 25 + 𝑐
49 − 25𝑥 2 4 2 4 2

𝟏 𝟐𝟓
Let: 𝑎 = 7 = 𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝟓 + 𝒍𝒏 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝟓 + 𝒄
𝟐𝒙 𝟖
𝑢 = 5𝑥
𝑑𝑢
2
= 𝑑𝑥

𝟏 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟕
= 𝒍𝒏 +𝒄
𝟕𝟎 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟕

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 25

EXERCISE 10.7 INTEGRANDS INVOLVING QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝟑.
1. 2𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1
𝑥 2 −3𝑥+2

𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑥

=
1 2 1
2 𝑥−2 +4
𝑥 − 3𝑥 = −2

9 9 𝑑𝑢
𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 = = −2 + =
4 4 𝑢2 + 𝑎2

3 2
1 1 𝑢
𝑥− = = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 + 𝑐
2 4 2 𝑎

2 1 1
3 1 𝑎= , 𝑢=𝑥−
𝑥− − 2 2
2 4
1
1 𝑥−
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 1
2
+𝑐
= 3 2 1
2
2
(𝑥 − 2
) − 4
𝟏
3 = 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏 + 𝒄
𝑢=𝑥− 𝟐
2
1
𝑎=
2 𝟓. 3 − 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2
𝑑𝑢 1 𝑢−𝑎
= = 𝑙𝑛 +𝑐
𝑢2 −𝑎 2 2𝑎 𝑢+𝑎 = 4− 𝑥+1 2

3 1
1 𝑥− −
= 1 𝑙𝑛 2 2
3 1 +𝑐 𝑢 = 𝑥 + 1, 𝑎 = 2
2 𝑥− +
2 2 2

𝒙−𝟐 𝑢 𝑎2 𝑢
= 𝒍𝒏 +𝒄 = 𝑎2 − 𝑢2 = 2 2
𝑎 − 𝑢 + 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛 +
𝒙−𝟏 𝑎 2 𝑎
𝑥+1 4 𝑥+1
= 2
3 − 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 + 2 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛 2
+𝑐

𝒙+𝟏 𝒙+𝟏
= 𝟑 − 𝟐𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒔𝒊𝒏 +𝒄
𝟐 𝟐

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 26

EXERCISE 10.7 INTEGRANDS INVOLVING QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

𝑑𝑥 11.
2𝑥−3𝑑𝑥
𝟕. 4𝑥 2 −1
𝑥2 − 8𝑥 + 7
2𝑥𝑑𝑥 3𝑑𝑥
Completing the square = 4𝑥 2 −1
− 4𝑥 2 −1

𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 = −7 =2 −3
4𝑥 2 −1 4𝑥 2 −1

𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 16 = −7 + 16 𝑑𝑢
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 4𝑥 2 − 1 ; = 𝑥𝑑𝑥
2 8
𝑥−4 =9
𝑑𝑢
2 1 4𝑥 2 −1
𝑥−4 −9=0 =2 8
𝑢
− 3[2 𝑙𝑛 4𝑥 2 +1
+ 𝑐]

𝑑𝑥 𝟏 𝟑 𝟐𝒙−𝟏
= = 𝒍𝒏|𝟒𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏| − 𝟒 𝒍𝒏 +𝒄
(𝑥 − 4)2 + 9 𝟒 𝟐𝒙+𝟏

𝑎 = 3 ;𝑢 = 𝑥 −4

𝑑𝑢
=
𝑢2 − 𝑎2

1 𝑢−𝑎 (2𝑥+7)𝑑𝑥
= 𝑙𝑛 +𝑐 13.
2𝑎 𝑢+𝑎 𝑥 2 +2𝑥+5

1 𝑥−4−3 2𝑥+2 +5𝑑𝑥

= 6 𝑙𝑛 𝑥−4+3
+𝑐 =
𝑥 2 +2𝑥+5

𝟏 𝒙−𝟕 2𝑥+2 𝑑𝑥
= 𝒍𝒏 +𝒄 =
𝑥 2 +2𝑥+5
+5 (𝑥+1)2 +4
𝟔 𝒙−𝟏
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 5 ; 𝑑𝑢 = (2𝑥𝑡2)𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 1 𝑥+1
=
𝑢
+ 2 𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 2
+𝑐
3+2𝑥
9. 𝑥 2 +9
𝑑𝑥
𝟏 𝒙+𝟏
= ⁡𝒍𝒏|𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓| + 𝟐 𝑨𝒓𝒄𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟐
+ 𝒄
3𝑑𝑥 2𝑥𝑑𝑥
= 𝑥 2 +9
+ 𝑥 2 +9

𝑑𝑥 𝑥𝑑𝑥
=3 + 2
𝑥 2 +9 𝑥 2 +9

𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 + 9 ; 𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
1 𝑥
= 33 𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 3 + 2 𝑢
2

𝒙
= 𝑨𝒓𝒄𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟑 + 𝒍𝒏 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟗 + 𝒄

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 27

EXERCISE 10.7 INTEGRANDS INVOLVING QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

(𝑥−3)𝑑𝑥 (4𝑥+9)𝑑𝑥 2(2𝑥+4+17)𝑑𝑥

15. 19. 𝑥 2 −4𝑥+20
= 𝑥 2 −4𝑥+20
4𝑥−𝑥 2

𝑥−2 −1𝑑𝑥 2𝑥+4𝑑𝑥 17 𝑑𝑥

= =2 𝑥 2 −4𝑥+20
+ 2 𝑥 2 −4𝑥+20
4𝑥−𝑥 2

=
𝑥−2 𝑑𝑥
−
𝑑𝑥 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 20 ; 𝑑𝑢 = (2𝑥 − 4)𝑑𝑥
4𝑥−𝑥 2 4𝑥−𝑥 2
𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 20 = 𝑥 − 2 2
+ 16
4 − 2𝑥
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 4𝑥 − 𝑥2 ; 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
2 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 = 2[
𝑑𝑢
+
17 𝑑𝑥
]
𝑢 2 𝑥−2 2 +16
−2(𝑋−2)𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = ; 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 = 4 − (2 − 𝑥)2 17 1 𝑥−2
2 4𝑥−𝑥 2 = 2[𝑙𝑛 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 20 + ( )Arctan 4 + 𝑐]
2 4
𝑑𝑢
= 𝑑𝑢 − 𝟏𝟕 𝒙−𝟐
4−(2−𝑥)2 = 𝟐 𝒍𝒏 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟐𝟎 + Arctan + 𝒄
𝟒 𝟒
𝟐−𝒙
= − 𝟒𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐 − 𝑨𝒓𝒄𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐
+ 𝒄

𝑥+3 𝑑𝑥
17.
8𝑥−𝑥 2

𝑥−4 +7𝑑𝑥
=
8𝑥−𝑥 2

𝑥−4 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= +7
8𝑥−𝑥 2 8𝑥−𝑥 2

8 − 2𝑥
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 8𝑥 − 𝑥 2 ; 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
2 8𝑥 − 𝑥 2
−2(𝑥 − 4)𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = ; 8𝑥 − 𝑥 2
2 8𝑥 − 𝑥2

= 16 − (4 − 𝑥)2
𝑑𝑢
=− 𝑑𝑢 + 7
16−(4−𝑥)2

𝟒−𝒙
= - 𝟖𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟕𝑨𝒓𝒄𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟒
+ 𝒄

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 28

EXERCISE 10.8 ALGEBRAIC SUBSTITUTION

𝑑𝑥 5 7
1. 2 3𝑥 6 𝑥 4
𝑥−𝑥 3 = − +𝑐
10 3
3
𝑧= 𝑥 5 3
9𝑥 6 −10𝑥 4
= +𝑐
𝑧 2 𝑑𝑧 30
=3
𝑧3 − 𝑧2 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝒙𝟐 (𝟗𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏𝟎𝒙𝟒 )
𝑑𝑧 = +𝒄
𝟑𝟎
=3
𝑧−1

𝑢 = 𝑧−1

𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑧
𝑑𝑥
5. 3 1
𝑑𝑢 𝑥+2 4− 𝑥+2 2
=3
𝑢 4
𝑧 = 𝑥+2
= 3 𝑙𝑛 𝑢 + 𝑐 𝑧4 = 𝑥 + 2
𝑥 = 2 − 𝑧4
= 3 𝑙𝑛 |𝑧 − 1 | + 𝑐
𝑑𝑥 = −4𝑧 3 𝑑𝑧
𝟑
= 𝟑 𝒍𝒏 | 𝒙 − 𝟏 | + 𝒄 𝑧 3 𝑑𝑧
= −4
𝑧3 − 𝑧2

𝑧𝑑𝑧
= −4
𝑧−1
1 1
(𝑥 3 −𝑥 4 𝑑𝑥
3. 1
𝑢 = 𝑧−1
4𝑥 2

12
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑧
𝑧= 𝑥
𝑧 = 𝑢+1
𝑑𝑥 = 12𝑧11 𝑑𝑧
5 𝑢 + 1 𝑑𝑢
(𝑧 4 −𝑧 3 ) 𝑧 11 𝑑𝑧 = −4
=3 𝑢
𝑧8

𝑢 𝑑𝑢
= 3 (𝑧 9 − 𝑧 8 ) 𝑑𝑥 = −4[ 𝑑𝑢 + ]
𝑢 𝑢

= −4[𝑢 + 𝑙𝑛 𝑢 + 𝑐
= 3[ 𝑧 9 𝑑𝑧 − 𝑧 8 𝑑𝑧]
= −𝟒[𝒛 − 𝟏 + 𝒍𝒏 𝒛 − 𝟏 + 𝒄]
10 9
𝑧 𝑧
= 3[ − + 𝑐]
10 9

3𝑧10 𝑧 9
= − +𝑐
10 3
DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 29
EXERCISE 10.8 ALGEBRAIC SUBSTITUTION

1
7. 4 + 𝑥𝑑𝑥 ; 9. 𝑥 𝑥 + 4 3 𝑑𝑥
1

𝑧 =(4+ 𝑥)1/2 𝑧 = 𝑥+4 3 ; 𝑧3 = 𝑥 + 4

𝑥 = 𝑧 3 − 4 ; 𝑑𝑥 = 3𝑧 3 𝑑𝑧
𝑧 2 − 4 = 𝑥𝑧 4 − 8𝑧 2 + 16 = 𝑥

𝑧=
12
𝑥 (𝑧 2 − 4)2= 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 4𝑧 3 − 16𝑧 𝑑𝑧 = 𝑧 3 − 4 𝑧 3𝑧 2 𝑑𝑧

= 𝑧 4𝑧 3 − 16𝑧 𝑑𝑧 =3 𝑧 6 𝑑𝑧 − 4 𝑧 3 𝑑𝑧

7
= 4𝑧 4 − 16𝑧 2 𝑑𝑧 3𝑧 3 4
= − 3𝑧 3 + 𝑐
7
𝑧5 𝑧3
=4 − 16 +𝐶 7
5 3 3 𝑥+4 3 4
= −3 𝑥+4 3 +𝑐
7
4 16
= 5
(4 + 𝑥)5/2− 3
(4 + 𝑥)3/2+C 4
3 𝑥+4 3
= 7
𝑥+4−7 +𝑐
3
4 16
= 4+ 𝑥 2
4+ 𝑥 − +𝐶
5 3 𝟒
1 𝟑 𝒙+𝟒 𝟑 𝒙−𝟑
𝑥 𝑥 + 4 𝑑𝑥 = 3 +𝒄
3
12 4 + 𝑥 − 80 𝟕
= 4+ 𝑥 2
+𝐶
15

3
48 + 12 𝑥 − 80
= 4+ 𝑥 2
+𝐶
15
3
4
= 4+ 𝑥 2
12 + 3 𝑥 − 20 + 𝐶
15

𝟒 𝟑
= 𝟒+ 𝒙 𝟐
𝟑 𝒙−𝟖 +𝑪
𝟓

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 30

EXERCISE 10.8 ALGEBRAIC SUBSTITUTION

𝟏𝟑. x 5 4 + x 3 dx
4− 2𝑥+1
11. 𝑑𝑥 3
1−2𝑥
𝑧= 4 + 𝑥3𝑧2 = 4 + 𝑥3 ; 𝑥 = 4 − 𝑧2
𝑧 = 2𝑥 + 1 ; 𝑧 2 = 2𝑥 + 1 1 2
𝑑𝑥 = 4 − 𝑧2 3 −2𝑧𝑑𝑧
3
𝑧2 − 1
2𝑥 = 𝑧 2 − 1 ; 𝑥 = ; 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑧𝑑𝑧
2 2𝑧𝑑𝑧
=− 2
4 − 𝑧 𝑧𝑑𝑧 3 4 − 𝑧2 3
= 𝑧 2 −1
1−2
2
= 𝑥 5 4 + 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥
4𝑧 − 𝑧 2 𝑑𝑧
=
2 − 𝑧2 3 5 −2𝑧𝑑𝑧
= 4 − 𝑧2 (𝑧) 2
4𝑧 − 2𝑑𝑧 3 4 − 𝑧2 3
= 1+
− 𝑧2 − 2
4 − 𝑧 2 𝑧 −2𝑧𝑑𝑧
=
4𝑧 − 2𝑑𝑧 3
= 1−
𝑧2 − 2
−8𝑧 2 + 2𝑧 4 𝑑𝑧
=
2𝑧 − 1 𝑑𝑧 3
= 𝑑𝑧 − 2
𝑧2 − 2
1
= 2𝑧 4 𝑑𝑧 − 8𝑧 2 𝑑𝑧
2𝑧𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑧 3
=𝑧−2 −
𝑧2 − 2 2
𝑧 −2
1 2𝑧 5 8𝑧 3
= − +𝑐
= 𝑧 − 2 𝑙𝑛 𝑧 2 − 2 +
1
𝑙𝑛
2𝑥𝑡1− 2
+𝑐 3 5 3
2 2𝑥+1+ 2
2𝑧 5 8𝑧 3
𝟏 𝟐𝒙𝒕𝟏 − 𝟐 = − +𝑐
= 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏 − 𝟐 𝒍𝒏 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏 + 𝒍𝒏 +𝒄 15 9
𝟐 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏 + 𝟐

6 4 + 𝑥 3 − 40 4 − 𝑥 3
= +𝑐
45

4 + 𝑥 3 6 4 + 𝑥 3 − 40
= +𝑐
45

4 + 𝑥 3 24 + 6𝑥 3 − 40
= +𝑐
45
4+𝑥 3 −16+6𝑥 3
= 45
+𝑐

𝟐 𝟒 + 𝒙𝟑 𝟑𝒙𝟑 − 𝟖
= +𝒄
𝟒𝟓

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 31

EXERCISE 10.8 ALGEBRAIC SUBSTITUTION

3 1
15. 𝑥 3 (4 + 𝑥 2 )2 𝑑𝑥 17. ʃ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 4 𝑥 2 +1

3+1 𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑢 ; 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢

=2
2
𝑡𝑕𝑒𝑛 𝑥 2 + 1 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑢 + 1 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑢 & 𝑢
Z = 4 + 𝑥2
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥
𝑧2 = 4 + 𝑥2
= ʃ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 3 𝑢 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
X = 4 − 𝑧2 = ʃ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑢 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑢 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 ( 𝑢 − 1)𝑑𝑢
1
1
dx = 2 4 − 𝑧 2 −2 (-2zdz) = 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠. 𝑠 = 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑢 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑠 = − 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑢 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑢 𝑑𝑢

𝑧𝑑𝑧 = −ʃ 𝑠 2 − 1 𝑑𝑠
=- 1
(4−𝑧 2 )2
= ʃ1𝑑𝑠 − ʃ𝑠 2 𝑑𝑠
= (4 − 𝑧 2 )(𝑧 3 )(−𝑧𝑑𝑧)
𝑠3
= ʃ𝑠 −
3
= −4𝑧 4 + 𝑧 6 𝑑𝑧
𝑐𝑠𝑐 3 𝑢
= 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑢 − +𝐶
3
4𝑧 5 𝑧 7
= − + +𝐶
5 7 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏 𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏
= +𝑪
28𝑧 5 + 5𝑧 7 𝟑𝒙𝟑
= +𝐶
35
−28( 4+𝑥 2 )5 +5( 4+𝑥 2 )7
= 35
+C

5
4 + 𝑥 2 (−28 + 5(4 + 𝑥 2 )
= +𝐶
35
5
4+𝑥 2 (−28+20+5𝑥 2 )
= 35
+𝐶

𝟓
𝟒 + 𝒙𝟐 (𝟓𝒙𝟐 − 𝟖)
= +𝑪
𝟑𝟓

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 32

EXERCISE 10.8 ALGEBRAIC SUBSTITUTION

𝑑𝑥 (𝑥−𝑥 3 )1/3
𝟏𝟗. ( ) 21. 𝑥4
𝑑𝑥
𝑥 2 (81 + 𝑥4
1 1
1 1 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = , 𝑧=
𝑥= ; 𝑑𝑥 = − 2 𝑑𝑧 𝑧2 𝑥
𝑧 𝑧
1 1 𝑑𝑧
−𝑑𝑧
𝑧
− 𝑥3 − 𝑧2
𝑧2 = 1
1 1
𝑧2
81 + 𝑍4
𝑧4

1
−𝑑𝑧 𝑧 2 −1 3 𝑑𝑧
𝑧2 𝑧3
− 𝑧2
81𝑧 4 +1 =
1/𝑧 4
𝑧6
1
𝑧3 (𝑧 2 −1) 3
(−
𝑑𝑧
)
= 3 𝑧 𝑧2
81𝑧 4 + 1 =
4
𝑧4

𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 81𝑧 4 + 1 ; 𝑑𝑢 = 324𝑧 3 𝑑𝑧 1

=− 𝑧 2 − 1 3 𝑧𝑑𝑧
1 𝑑𝑢
=
324 3
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑧 2 − 1
𝑢4
1 1
1 =− 𝑢3 𝑑𝑢
=
−1
81𝑧 4 + 1 4 +𝑐 2
81
4
1 𝑢3
𝟏 𝟖𝟏 + 𝒙𝟒 = − 2 ( 4 )+c
=− +𝒄 3
𝟖𝟏 𝒙𝟒
3 2 4
=− 𝑧 −1 3 +𝑐
8
4
3 1 3
= −8 𝑥2
−1 +𝑐

4
3 1-x2 3
= − 8 x2 +c

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 33

EXERCISE 10.9 INTEGRATION OF RATIONAL FUNCTIONS OF SINES AND COSINES

1.
𝐷𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2𝑑𝑧
1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝟓. = 1+𝑧 2
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 3
2𝑧 1−𝑧 2
2 𝐷𝑧 +
1+𝑧 2 1+𝑧 2
+3
= 1+𝑧 2
1+
1−𝑧 2 2𝑑𝑧 2𝑑𝑧
1+𝑧 2 = 1+𝑧 2
= 1+𝑧 2
1+2𝑧−2𝑧 2 1+2𝑧−2𝑧 2 +3+3𝑧 2
2 𝑑𝑧 1+𝑧 2
+3
1+𝑧 2
= 1+𝑧 2
1+𝑧 2 + 1−𝑧 2 2𝑑𝑧 2𝑑𝑧
1+𝑧 2 = =
4 + 2𝑧 + 2𝑧 2 1 2 7
𝑧+2 + 4
2𝑑𝑧
=
2 𝑑𝑢 7 1
=2 ∶ 𝑤𝑕𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑎 = , 𝑢 = 𝑧 +
= 𝑑𝑧 = 𝑧 + 𝑐 𝑢2 + 𝑎2 2 2
1
𝒙 2 𝑢 2 𝑧+2
= 𝒕𝒂𝒏 + 𝒄 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 + 𝑐 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 + 𝑐
𝟐 𝑎 𝑎 7 7
2 2

1 2𝑧+1
= 7
𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 7 + 𝐶

𝒙
3.
𝑑𝑥
=
2 𝑑𝑧 𝟏 𝟐𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟐 + 𝟏
4+2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 1+ 𝑧 2 = 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒕𝒂𝒏 + 𝒄
4+2
2𝑧 𝟕 𝟕
1+𝑧 2

2𝑑𝑧 2𝑑𝑧
= 1+𝑧 2
= 1+𝑧 2
4𝑧 4+4𝑧 2 + 4𝑧
4+
1+𝑧 2 1+𝑧 2

1 + 𝑧 2 2𝑑𝑧
2 𝑑𝑧 1 3 𝟕. 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑑𝑥 = .
= ; 𝑤𝑕𝑒𝑟𝑒: 𝑢 = 𝑧 + ; 𝑎 = 1 − 𝑧2 1 + 𝑧2
4𝑧 2 + 4𝑧 + 4 2 2
2𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑢
= =2 𝑤𝑕𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑎 = 1, 𝑢 = 𝑧
1 − 𝑧2 𝑎2 − 𝑢2
𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑢 2 𝑢
=2 = 2 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 + 𝑐
1 2 3 𝑢2 +𝑎 2 𝑎 𝑎 2 𝑎+𝑢 1+𝑧
𝑧+
2
+
4 = 2𝑎 𝑙𝑛 𝑎−𝑢
+ 𝑐 = 𝑙𝑛 1−𝑧
+𝐶
1
2 𝑧+2 1 2𝑧+1 𝒙
= 3
𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 3
+ 𝑐= 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 + 𝑐 𝟐 𝒂+𝒖 𝟏 + 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟐
3 3
2 2 = 𝒍𝒏 + 𝒄 = 𝒍𝒏 𝒙 + 𝒄
𝟐𝒂 𝒂−𝒖 𝟏 − 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟐
𝒙
𝟏 𝟐 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟐 + 𝟏
= 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒕𝒂𝒏 +𝒄
𝟑 𝟑

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 34

EXERCISE 10.10 INTEGRATION BY PARTS

1. 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥 ; 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑐𝑜𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝑢=𝑥

𝑣 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥

= 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥

= 𝒙𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 + 𝑪

3. 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥𝑑𝑥 ; 𝑢 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 ; 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ; 𝑢 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 ; 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑢 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥𝑑𝑥 ; 𝑣 = -𝑒 −𝑥 ; 𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥𝑑𝑥 ; 𝑣 = -𝑒 −𝑥

= -𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 − 2𝑒 −𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥𝑑𝑥

= -𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 − 2 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥𝑑𝑥

= -𝑒 −𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 − 2[-𝑒 −𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 − -𝑒 −𝑥 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥𝑑𝑥

= -𝑒 −𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 + 2𝑒 −𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 − 4 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥𝑑𝑥

𝑎𝑑𝑑 4 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝑡𝑜 𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑕 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠

2𝑒 −𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥−𝑒 −𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥

= 5
+𝐶

𝒆−𝒙
= 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒙 − 𝒄𝒐𝒙𝟐𝒙 + 𝑪
𝟓

5. 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝑥𝑑𝑥 ; 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑𝑥 ; 𝑢 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝑥
2𝑑𝑥
𝑣 = 𝑥 ; 𝑑𝑢 = 1+𝑥 2

2𝑥𝑑𝑥
= 𝑥𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝑥 − 1+4𝑥 2

𝑑𝑥
= 𝑥𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝑥 − 2 1+4𝑥 2

1 𝑑𝑢
= 𝑥𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝑥 − 4 𝑢

𝟏
= 𝒙𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐𝒙 − 𝒍𝒏 𝟏 + 𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝑪
𝟒

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 35

EXERCISE 10.10 INTEGRATION BY PARTS

7. 𝑠𝑒𝑐 3 𝑥𝑑𝑥 ; 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 ; 𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥

𝑣 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥

= 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑑𝑥

= 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 − 1 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑑𝑥

= 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + 𝑙𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐 3 𝑥𝑑𝑥 ; 𝑎𝑑𝑑 𝑠𝑒𝑐 3 𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑕 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠

2 𝑠𝑒𝑐 3 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + 𝑙𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥

𝟏
𝑠𝑒𝑐 3 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝟐
𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙 + 𝒍𝒏 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙 + 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙 + 𝑪

9. 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 2𝑥𝑑𝑥 ; 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑2𝑥𝑑𝑥 ; 𝑢 =𝑥

1 1
𝑣= 2
𝑥 + 8 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑥 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑥

1 1 1 1
=𝑥 2
𝑥 + 8 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑥 − (2 𝑥 + 8 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑥)𝑑𝑥

𝑥2 1 1 1
= + 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑥 +𝐶
2 8 4 32

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= 𝟒 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟖 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟒𝒙 + 𝟑𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟒𝒙 + 𝑪

𝑥𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝑥𝑑𝑥
11. ; 𝑑𝑣 = ; 𝑢 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
1−𝑥 2 1−𝑥 2

𝑑𝑥
𝑣 = - 1 − 𝑥2 ; 𝑑𝑢 =
1−𝑥 2

𝑑𝑥
= - 1 − 𝑥 2 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − (- 1 − 𝑥 2 )( )
1−𝑥 2

= - 1 − 𝑥 2 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑑𝑥

= 𝒙 − 𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 + 𝑪

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 36

EXERCISE 10.10 INTEGRATION BY PARTS

13. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑙𝑛 1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ; 𝑢 = 𝑙𝑛 1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 ; 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥

1
𝑑𝑢 = 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥 ; 𝑣 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥
= -𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑛 1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 +
1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥

1−𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥
= -𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑛⁡|1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 | +
1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥

= -𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑛 1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= -𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑛 1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝐶

= − 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒍𝒏 𝟏 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 + 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 + 𝑪

𝑒 𝑥 𝑥𝑑𝑥 1
15. (𝑥+1)2
; 𝑢 = 𝑒𝑥 𝑥 ; 𝑑𝑣 = (𝑥+1)2 𝑑𝑥
1
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥 ; 𝑣 =-
𝑥+1

𝑒𝑥𝑥 𝒆𝒙
=- + 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = +𝑪
𝑥+1 𝒙+𝟏

𝑑𝑥 𝑥3
17. 𝑥 2 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥; 𝑢 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 ; 𝑑𝑢 = ; 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 ; 𝑣 =
1−𝑥 2 3

1 1 𝑥3
= 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛 −3 𝑑𝑥
3 1−𝑥 2

1 3 1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑒
= 𝑥 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + (3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑒 − )+ 𝐶
3 9

1 3 3− 1−𝑥 2
= 3
𝑥 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 9
+𝐶

1 3 1−𝑥 2 2+𝑥 2
= 𝑥 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛 + +𝐶
3 9

1 𝑥3
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟; 𝑑𝑥 ; 𝑎 = 1 ; 𝑣 = 𝑥 ; 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑒 ; 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑒 𝑑𝑒 ; 1 − 𝑥 2 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒
3 1−𝑥 2

1 𝑠𝑖𝑛 3 𝑒
=3 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒
(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑑𝑒)

1
= 3 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑𝑒

𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑 𝒆
= (−𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆 + )+ 𝑪
𝟑 𝟑

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 37

EXERCISE 10.11 INTEGRATION OF RATIONAL FUNCTIONS

12𝑥+18
1. 𝑥+2 𝑥+4 (𝑥−1)

12𝑥 + 18 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
= + +
𝑥 + 2 𝑥 + 4 (𝑥 − 1) (𝑥 + 2) (𝑥 + 4) (𝑥 − 1)

12𝑥 + 18 = 𝐴 𝑥 + 4 𝑥 − 1 + 𝐵 𝑥 + 2 𝑥 − 1 + 𝐶 𝑥 + 2 (𝑥 + 4)

12𝑥 + 18 = 𝐴(𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 4) + 𝐵 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 2 + 𝐶(𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 8)

12𝑥 + 18 = 𝐴𝑥 2 + 3𝐴𝑥 − 4𝐴 + 𝐵𝑥 2 + 𝐵 − 2𝐵 + 𝐶𝑥 2 + 6𝐶𝑥 + 8𝐶

𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐵𝑥 2 + 𝐶𝑥 2 = 0
3𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑥 + 6𝐶𝑥 = 12𝑥
4𝐴 + 𝐵 + 8𝐶 = 18
𝐴=1
𝐵 = −3
𝐶=2
𝑑𝑥 −3𝑑𝑥 2𝑑𝑥
= (𝑥+2)
+ (𝑥+4)
+ (𝑥−1)

= 𝒍𝒏 𝒙 + 𝟐 − 𝟑 𝒍𝒏 𝒙 + 𝟒 + 𝟐𝒍𝒏 𝒙 − 𝟏 ⁡

𝑑𝑥
3.
𝑥−1 (𝑥−4)

𝐴 𝐵
1= +
(𝑥 − 1) (𝑥 − 4)

1 = 𝐴 𝑥 − 4 + 𝐵(𝑥 − 1)

1 = 𝐴𝑥 − 4𝐴 + 𝐵𝑥 − 𝐵

𝐴+𝐵 =0
−4𝐴 − 𝐵 = 1
𝐴 = −𝐵
1
𝐵=
3
−1 1
= 3 𝑑𝑥 + 3 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 −1) (𝑥 −4)

1 1 𝟏 𝒍𝒏 𝒙−𝟒
= − 3 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 − 1 + 3 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 − 4 + 𝐶 = +C
𝟑 𝒍𝒏 𝒙−𝟏

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 38

EXERCISE 10.11 INTEGRATION OF RATIONAL FUNCTIONS

6𝑥 2 +23𝑥−9 𝑑𝑥
5. (𝑥 3 +2𝑥 2 −3𝑥)

6𝑥 2 + 23𝑥 − 9 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥 + 3 (𝑥 − 2)

𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
6𝑥 2 + 23𝑥 − 9 = + +
𝑥 (𝑥 + 3) (𝑥 − 1)

6𝑥 2 + 23𝑥 − 9 = 𝐴 𝑥 + 3 𝑥 − 1 + 𝐵 𝑥 𝑥 − 1 + 𝐶 𝑥 (𝑥 + 3)

6𝑥 2 + 23 − 9 = 𝐴 𝑥 2 + 2𝑋 − 3 + 𝐵 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 𝐶(𝑥 2 + 3𝑥)

𝐴+𝐵+𝐶 =6
2𝐴 − 𝐵 + 3𝐶 = 23
−3𝐴 + 0𝐵 + 0𝐶 = −9
𝐴=3
𝐵 = −2
𝐶=5
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
=3 𝑥
−2 (𝑥+3)
+ 5 (𝑥−1)
= 𝟑𝒍𝒏 𝒙 − 𝟐𝒍𝒏 𝒙 + 𝟑 + 𝟓𝒍𝒏 𝒙 − 𝟏 + 𝑪

𝑥 3 +5𝑥 2 +9𝑥+7
7. 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 2 +5𝑥+4

𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 + 7
𝑑𝑥
𝑥 + 4 (𝑥 + 1)

By division of polynomials,

5𝑥 + 7 𝐴 𝐵
= +
𝑥 + 4 (𝑥 + 1) (𝑥 + 4) (𝑥 + 1)

5𝑥 + 7 = 𝐴 𝑥 + 1 + 𝐵(𝑥 + 4)

𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 4,
13
𝐴=
3
𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = −1
2
𝐵=
3
13 2
3
𝑑𝑥 3
𝑑𝑥
= 𝑥𝑑𝑥 + +
(𝑥 + 4) (𝑥 + 1)
𝒙𝟐 𝟏𝟑 𝟐
= 𝟐
+ 𝟑
𝒍𝒏 𝒙+𝟒 + 𝟑
𝒍𝒏 𝒙+𝟏 +𝑪

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 39

EXERCISE 10.11 INTEGRATION OF RATIONAL FUNCTIONS

2𝑥+1
9.
𝑥−2 (𝑥−3)2

𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
2𝑥 + 1 = + +
(𝑥 − 2) (𝑥 − 3) (𝑥 − 3)2
2
2𝑥 + 1 = 𝐴 𝑥 − 3 +𝐵 𝑥−3 𝑥−2 +𝐶 𝑥−2

2𝑥 + 1 = 𝐴 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 9 + 𝐵 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6 + 𝐶 𝑥 − 2

𝐴+𝐵 =0

−6𝐴 − 5𝐵 + 𝐶 = 2

9𝐴 + 6𝐵 − 2𝐶 = 1

𝐴=5

𝐵 = −5

𝐶=7

5𝑑𝑥 −5𝑑𝑥 7𝑑𝑥

= + + 2
𝑥−2 𝑥−3 𝑥−3
7
= 5𝑙𝑛 𝑥 − 2 − 5𝑙𝑛 𝑥 − 3 + 𝑥−3

𝒙−𝟐 𝟕
= 𝟓𝒍𝒏 +
𝒙−𝟑 (𝒙 − 𝟑)

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 40

EXERCISE 10.11 INTEGRATION OF RATIONAL FUNCTIONS

2𝑥−5 𝑑𝑥
11.
𝑥(𝑥−1)

2𝑥 − 5 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶 𝐷
= + + +
𝑥(𝑥 − 1) 𝑥 (𝑥 − 1) (𝑥 − 1)2 (𝑥 − 13
3 2
2𝑥 − 5 = 𝐴 𝑥 − 1 + 𝑏𝑥 𝑥 − 1 + 𝑐𝑥 𝑥 − 1 + 𝐷𝑥

2𝑥 − 5 = 𝐴𝑥 3 − 3𝐴𝑥 2 + 3𝐴𝑥 − 𝐴 + 𝐵𝑥 3 − 2𝐵𝑥 2 + 𝐵𝑥 +C 𝑥 2 − 𝐶𝑥 + 𝐷𝑥

2𝑥 − 5 = 𝐴𝑥 3 = 3𝐴𝑥 2 − 2𝐵𝑥 2 + 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶𝑥 2 − 𝐶𝑥 + 𝐷𝑥

2𝑥 − 5 = 𝐴𝑥 3 + 𝐵𝑥 2 − 3𝐴𝑥 2 − 2𝐵𝑥 2 + 𝐶𝑥 2 + 3𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑥 − 𝐶𝑥 + 𝐷𝑥 − 𝐴

2𝑥 − 5 = 𝐴 + 𝐵 𝑥 3 + −3𝐴 − 2𝐵 + 𝑐 𝑥 2 + 3𝐴 + 𝐵 − 𝐶 + 𝐷 𝑥 − 𝐴

𝐴+𝐵 =0

−3𝐴 − 2𝐵 + 𝐶 = 0

3𝐴 + 𝐵 − 𝐶 + 𝐷 = 2

−𝐴 = −5

𝐴=5

𝐵 = −5

𝐶=5

𝐷 = −3

5𝑑𝑥 −5𝑑𝑥 5𝑑𝑥 −3𝑑𝑥

= + + +
𝑥 (𝑥 − 1) (𝑥 − 1)2 (𝑥 − 1)3

𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
=5 −5 +5 −3
𝑥 (𝑥 − 1) (𝑥 − 1)2 (𝑥 − 1)3
5 3
= 5𝑙𝑛 𝑥 − 5𝑙𝑛 𝑥 − 1 − (𝑥−1) + 2(𝑥−1)2 + 𝐶

𝒙 𝟓 𝟑
= 𝟓𝒍𝒏 − + +𝑪
𝒙 − 𝟏 (𝒙 − 𝟏) 𝟐(𝒙 − 𝟏)𝟐

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 41

EXERCISE 10.11 INTEGRATION OF RATIONAL FUNCTIONS

3𝑥 2 +17𝑥+32
13. 𝑥 3 +8𝑥 2 +16𝑥

3𝑥 2 + 17𝑥 + 32
𝑥(𝑥 + 4)2

3𝑥 2 + 17𝑥 + 32 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
2
= + +
𝑥(𝑥 + 4) 𝑥 (𝑥 + 4) (𝑥 + 4)2

𝐴+𝐵 =3
8𝐴 + 4𝐵 + 𝐶 = 17
16𝐴 = 32
𝐴=2
𝐵=1
𝐶=3
2𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 −3𝑑𝑥
= + +
𝑥 (𝑥 + 4) (𝑥 + 4)2
𝟑
= 𝟐𝒍𝒏 𝒙 + 𝒍𝒏 𝒙 + 𝟒 + 𝒙+𝟒

2𝑥+1
15. 3𝑥−1 (𝑥 2 +2𝑥+2)

2𝑥 + 1 𝐴 𝐵 2𝑥 + 2 + 𝐶
2
= + 2
3𝑥 − 1 (𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 2) (3𝑥 − 1) 𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 2

2𝑥 + 1 = 𝐴 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2 + 𝐵 2𝑥 + 2 3𝑥 − 1 + 𝐶 3𝑥 − 1

2𝑥 + 1 = 𝐴 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2 + 𝐵(6𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 2) + 𝐶 3𝑥 − 1

𝐴+𝐵 =0
2𝐴 + 4𝐵 + 3𝐶 = 2
2𝐴 + 2𝐵 − 𝐶 = 1
5
𝐴=−
2
5
𝐵=
2
𝐶 = −1

5 𝑑𝑥 5 (2𝑥 + 2) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
=− + −
2 (3𝑥 − 1) 2 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2 𝑥2 + 2𝑥 + 2
5 5
= − 2 𝑙𝑛 3𝑥 − 1 + 2 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2 − 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2

𝟓 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐
= 𝒍𝒏 − 𝒍𝒏 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐
𝟐 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟏

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 42

EXERCISE 10.11 INTEGRATION OF RATIONAL FUNCTIONS

5𝑥 2 −𝑥+17
17. 𝑥+2 (𝑥 2 +9)
𝑑𝑥

5𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 17 𝐴 𝐵 2𝑥 + 𝐶
2
= +
𝑥 + 2 (𝑥 + 9) 𝑥 + 2 𝑥2 + 9

5𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 17 = 𝐴 𝑥 2 + 9 + 2𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶 (𝑥 + 2)

5𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 17 = 𝐴𝑥 2 + 9𝐴 + 2𝐵𝑥 2 + 4𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶𝑥 + 2𝐶

5𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 17 = 𝐴𝑥 2 + 2𝐵𝑥 2 + 4𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶𝑥 + 9𝐴 + 2𝐶

5𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 17 = 𝐴 + 2𝐵 𝑥 2 + 4𝐵 + 𝐶 𝑥 + 9𝐴 + 2𝐶

𝑥 2 = 𝐴 + 2𝐵 = 5

𝑥 = 4𝐵 + 𝐶 = −1

𝑐 = 9𝐴 + 2𝐶 = 17

𝐴 + 2𝐵 = 5 − 2 = −2𝐴 − 4𝐵 = −10

4𝐵 + 𝐶 = −1
4𝐵 + 𝐶 = −1 =
−2𝐴 + 𝐶 = −11

−2𝐴 + 𝐶 = −1 − 2 = 4𝐴 − 2𝐶 = 22

9𝐴 + 2𝐶 = 17
9𝐴 + 2𝐶 = 17 =
13𝐴 = 39

A=3

9(3)+2C=17 4B-5=-1

27+2C=17 4B=-1+5

2C=17-27 4B=4

2C=-10 B=1

C=-5

3 1 2𝑥 − 5
= + 𝑑𝑥
𝑥+2 𝑥2 + 9
𝑑𝑥 𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
=3 𝑥+2
+2 𝑥 2 +9
− 5 𝑥 2 +9

𝟓 𝒙
= 𝟑𝒍𝒏 𝒙 + 𝟐 + 𝒍𝒏 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟗 − 𝟑 𝑨𝒓𝒄𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟑
+ 𝑪

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 43

EXERCISE 10.11 INTEGRATION OF RATIONAL FUNCTIONS

4𝑥 2 +21𝑥+54
19. 𝑥 2 +6𝑥+13

4 − 3𝑥 − 2
𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 13
𝐴 2𝑥 + 6 + 𝐵
𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 13

𝐴 2𝑥 + 6 + 𝐵 = 3𝑥 − 2

2𝐴 + 𝐵 = 3

𝐵 = −11

3
𝐴=
2
3 2𝑥 + 6 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
=ʃ4−[ ʃ 2 + (−11ʃ 2 + 6𝑥 + 13)]
2 𝑥 + 6𝑥 + 13 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
= −11ʃ
𝑥2 + 6𝑥 + 9 + 13 − 9

𝑑𝑥
= −11ʃ
𝑥 + 3 2 + 13 − 9 2

1 𝑥+3
= −11( 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛
2 2
)

3 11 𝑥+3
= 4𝑥 − 2
𝑙𝑛⁡| 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 13| − 2
𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 2

𝟑 𝟏𝟏 𝒙+𝟑
= 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟐 𝒍𝒏⁡| 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟏𝟑| + 𝟐
𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟐 + 𝑪

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 44

EXERCISE 10.11 INTEGRATION OF RATIONAL FUNCTIONS

𝑥 3 +7𝑥 2 +25𝑥+35
21. 𝑥 2 +5𝑥+6

9𝑥 + 23
𝑥+2+ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2 + 5𝑥 + 6
9𝑥 + 23 𝐴 𝐵
= +
𝑥 + 3 (𝑥 + 2) 𝑥 + 3 𝑥 + 2

9𝑥 + 23 = 𝐴 𝑥 + 2 + 𝐵(𝑥 + 3)

x=-3

9(-3)+23= A(-3+2)+B(-3+3)

-27+23=A(-1)+B(0)

-4=-A

A=4

If x=-2

9(-2)+23= A(-2+2)+B(-2+3)

-18+23=A(0)+B

5=B

B=5

−2 5
= 𝑥+2+ + 𝑑𝑥
𝑥+3 𝑥+2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 2 𝑑𝑥 − 4 𝑥+3
+5 𝑥+2

𝒙𝟐
= + 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒𝒍𝒏 𝒙 + 𝟑 + 𝟓𝒍𝒏 𝒙 + 𝟐 + 𝒄
𝟐

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 45

EXERCISE 10.11 INTEGRATION OF RATIONAL FUNCTIONS

𝑥 2 −𝑥−8
23. (2𝑥−3)(𝑥 2 +2𝑥+2)

𝐴 𝐵 2𝑥 − 2 + 𝐶
+ 2
2𝑥 − 3 𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 2

A(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2) + 𝐵 2𝑥 + 2 2𝑥 − 3 + 𝐶(2𝑥 − 3)

A(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2) + 𝐵 4𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 6 + 𝐶(2𝑥 − 3)

A+4B=1

2A-2B+2C=-1

2A-6B-3C=-8
1
A=-2

1
A=2

C=1

𝑑𝑥 1 2𝑥 + 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
−1 + +
(2𝑥 − 3) 2 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2

1 𝑑𝑥
−𝑙𝑛(2𝑥 − 3) + 𝑙𝑛│𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2│ +
2 𝑥 + 1 2 + 12
1
= − 2 − 𝑙𝑛 2𝑥 − 3 + 𝑙𝑛│𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2│ + 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 + 1 + 𝐶

𝟏 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐
= 𝒍𝒏│ │ + 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒙 + 𝟏 + 𝒄
𝟐 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 46

EXERCISE 10.11 INTEGRATION OF RATIONAL FUNCTIONS

𝑥 5 +2𝑥 3 −3𝑥
25. ʃ 𝑥 2 +1 3

𝑥 5 + 2𝑥 3 − 3𝑥
=ʃ
𝑥 6 + 3𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 2 + 1

𝐴 2𝑥 + 𝐵 𝐶 2𝑥 + 𝐷 𝐸 2𝑥 + 𝐹
= + 2 + 2 𝑥2 + 1 3
𝑥2 + 1 𝑥 +1 2 𝑥 +1 3

= 𝐴 2𝑥 𝑥 2 + 1 2
+ 𝐵 𝑥2 + 1 2
+ 𝐶 2𝑥 𝑥 2 + 1 + 𝐷 𝑥 2 + 1 + 𝐸 2𝑥 + 𝐹

= 𝐴 2𝑥 𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 2 + 1 + 𝐵 𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 2 + 1 + 𝐶 2𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 + 𝐷 𝑥 2 + 1 + 𝐸 2𝑥 + 𝐹

= 𝐴 2𝑥 5 + 4𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 + 𝐵 𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 2 + 1 + 𝐶 2𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 + 𝐷 𝑥 2 + 1 + 𝐸 2𝑥 + 𝐹

1
𝑥 5 : 2𝐴 = 1 ; 𝐴=
2

𝑥4: 𝐵 = 0 ; 𝐵=0

𝑥 3 : 4𝐴 + 2𝐶 = 2 ; 𝐶=0

𝑥 2 : 2𝐵 + 𝐷 = 0 ; 𝐷=0

𝑥: 2𝐴 + 2𝐶 + 2𝐸 = −3 ; 𝐸 = 0

𝑐: 𝐵 + 𝐷 + 𝐹 = 0 ; 𝐹=0

𝟏 𝟏
= 𝒍𝒏 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏 + 𝟐 𝟐
+𝑪
𝟐 𝒙 +𝟏

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 47

EXERCISE 10.11 INTEGRATION OF RATIONAL FUNCTIONS

27.

𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 3 + 11𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 16
𝑥(𝑥 2 + 4)2

𝐴 𝐵 2𝑥 + 𝐶 𝐷 2𝑥 + 𝐸
[ + + 2 ][(𝑥 2 + 4)2 ]
𝑋 (𝑥 2 + 4) (𝑥 + 4)2

A 𝑥2 + 4 2
+ 𝐵 2𝑥 𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 4) + 𝐶 𝑥 2 + 4 (𝑥) + 𝐷(2𝑥)(𝑥) + 𝐸(𝑥)

A(𝑥 4 + 8𝑥 2 + 16) + 𝐵 2𝑥 4 + 8𝑥 2 + 𝐶 𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 + 𝐷2𝑥 2 + 𝐸𝑥

𝑥 4 : 𝐴 + 2𝐵 = 1 A=1

𝑥3: 𝐶 = 2 B=0

𝑥 2 : 8A+8B+2D=11 C=2

X: 4C + E=8 D = 3/2

C : 16A = 16 E=0

𝑑𝑥 2𝑑𝑥 3 2𝑥𝑑𝑥
= + 2 +
𝑥 𝑥 +4 2 (𝑥 2 + 4)2
1 𝑥 3
= 𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 2 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 − +𝐶
2 2 2 𝑥 2 +4

𝒙 𝟑
= 𝒍𝒏𝒙 + 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒕𝒂𝒏 − +𝑪
𝟐 𝟐 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 48

EXERCISE 11.1 SUMMATION NOTATION

∗ 𝑛 = 10 𝑛=10

𝟓. 𝑖(𝑖 − 1)(𝑖 + 1)
𝑛
𝑖=1
𝟏. 12𝑖 3
𝑛
𝑖=1
= 𝑖3 − 𝑖
𝑛=10
𝑖=1
= 12 𝑖3
𝑛=10
𝑖=1
= 𝑖3 − 𝑖
2 2
10 10 + 1 𝑖=1
= 12
4 𝑛=10 𝑛=10
3
= 3(100 121 ) = 𝑖 + 𝑖
𝑖=1 𝑖=1
= 𝟑𝟔𝟑𝟎𝟎 10 2 10+1 2 10 10+1
= −
4 2

= 𝟐𝟗𝟕𝟎

𝑛=10

𝟑. (12𝑖 2 + 4𝑖 ) 𝒏=𝟏𝟎
𝟐
𝑖=1 𝟕. 𝟑𝒊 + 𝟏
𝑛=10 𝑛=10 𝒊=𝟏

= 12 𝑖2 + 4 𝑖 𝑛=10
𝑖=1 𝑖=1 = 9𝑖 2 + 6𝑖 + 1
𝑖=1
10(10 + 1)(2 10 + 1) 10(10 + 1)
= 12 +4
6 2
=9 𝑖2 + 6 𝑖+ 1
= 2 110 21 + 2 110
10(10+1)(2 10 +1) 10(10+1)
=9 +6 + 10
6 2
= 𝟒𝟖𝟒𝟎
= 𝟑𝟖𝟎𝟓

𝟗. 𝒂𝟏 − 𝒃𝟏 + 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐 + ⋯ + (𝒂𝒏 − 𝒃𝒏 )
𝒏

= 𝒂𝒊 − 𝒃𝒊
𝒊=𝟏

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 49

EXERCISE 11.1 SUMMATION NOTATION

𝟏𝟏. 𝑓 𝑥1 ∆𝑥1 + 𝑓 𝑥2 ∆𝑥2 + ⋯ + 𝑓 𝑥𝑛 ∆𝑥𝑛

𝒏

= 𝒇(𝒙𝒊 ) ∆𝒙𝒊
𝒊=𝟏

𝟏𝟑. 14 + 24 + 34 + ⋯ + 𝑛4
𝒏

= 𝒊𝟒
𝒊=𝟏

𝟏𝟓. 𝑎1 𝑏1+𝑎2 𝑏2+𝑎3 𝑏3 + ⋯ + 𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑛

𝒏

= 𝒂𝒊 𝒃𝒊
𝒊=𝟏

𝟏𝟕. 𝑢13 + 𝑢23 + 𝑢33 + ⋯ + 𝑢𝑛3

𝒏

= 𝒖𝟑𝒊
𝒊=𝟏

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 50

EXERCISE 11.2 THE DEFINITE INTEGRAL

2 1
𝟏. 1
3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 3. 0
2𝑥 (𝑥 − 1)𝑑𝑥

𝑎 = 0 ;𝑏 = 2 𝑎=0 ; 𝑏=1

2−0 1−0 𝑖
∆𝑥 = ∆𝑥 = ; 𝑍𝑖 =
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
2
= = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 2 𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑛 𝑛→∞

𝑖2 1 𝑖
𝑍𝑖 = 𝑎 + 𝑖∆𝑥 = { 𝑙𝑖𝑚 2 [ ( 2 ) ]− }
𝑛→∞ 𝑛 𝑛3
2 1 0
=0+𝑖 1 𝑛 𝑛+1 2𝑛+ 1 𝑛 2 −𝑛
𝑛 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑛→∞ 2 𝑛2 6 𝑛
− 𝑛2

2𝑖 1 2𝑛3 + 𝑛2 + 2𝑛2 + 𝑛
= = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 2 −1
𝑛 𝑛→∞ 𝑛3 6
3
2𝑖 2 2
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = −1
3
𝑛=∞ 𝑛 𝑛
𝑖=1
𝟏
=−
4𝑖 2 2 𝟑
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 3 ( )
𝑛→∞ 𝑛2 𝑛

8𝑖 2
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚⁡3
𝑛→∞ 𝑛3 5
5. 1
2𝑥 + 3𝑑𝑥
𝑛(𝑛 + 1)(2𝑛 + 1) 1 5−1 4
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 24 ∆𝑥 = ; 𝑍𝑖 = 1 + 𝑖
𝑛→∞ 6 𝑛3 𝑛 𝑛
𝑛 2 +1 2𝑛+1 4
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑛→∞ 24 =𝑛
6 𝑛3
1
1
0 0 0
2𝑛 3 +𝑛 2 +2𝑛 2 +𝑛 4𝑖 4
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑛→∞ 24 6𝑛 3
=𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑛=∞ (1 + 𝑛 ) ∙ 𝑛 + 3𝑛

=𝟖 4 16𝑖
=𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑛=∞ 𝑛
+ 𝑛2
+ 3𝑛

4𝑛 16 𝑛(𝑛+1)
=𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑛=∞ 𝑛
+ 𝑛2 + 2
+ 3𝑛

= 𝟑𝟔

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 51

EXERCISE 11.2 THE DEFINITE INTEGRAL

2
𝟕. 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥
0

2 2𝑖
∆𝑥 = ; 𝑍𝑖 =
𝑛 𝑛
3
2𝑖 2
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚
𝑛→∞ 𝑛 𝑛

8𝑖 3 2
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚
𝑛→∞ 𝑛3 𝑛

16 𝑛2 𝑛 + 1 2
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑖3
𝑛→∞ 𝑛 4 4

4 2 2
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (𝑛 (𝑛 + 2𝑛 + 1)
𝑛→∞ 𝑛 4

4𝑛 4 8 4𝑛 2
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑛→∞ 𝑛4
+ 𝑛3 + 𝑛3

=4+0+0

= 4

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 52

EXERCISE 11.3 SOME PROPERTIES OF THE DEFINITE INTEGRAL

2 3
𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝟏. 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥 𝟕.
1 2 𝑥2 + 1

3𝑥 3 2𝑥 2 𝑢 = 𝑥2 + 1
= + +𝑥
3 2
𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑥𝑑𝑥
=8−4+2−1+1−1 3
1 𝑑𝑢
=
=5 2 2 𝑢
1
= 𝑙𝑛 10 − 𝑙𝑛 5
2

= 𝟎. 𝟑𝟒𝟕
3
4
𝟑. 3𝑥 2 + 𝑑𝑥
1 𝑥2
0 𝑑𝑦
3
9. −1 −(𝑥 2 +2𝑥−1)
3𝑥 4
= +
3 𝑥 0
𝑑𝑦
=
4 −(𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 1 − 1 − 1)
= 27 − 3 − 1 + 4 −1

0
𝟖𝟔 𝑑𝑦
= 𝟑
=
−1 −[ 𝑥 + 1 2 + 2]
0
𝑑𝑦
=
−1 − 𝑥+1 2 +2
7 0
3 𝑑𝑦
𝟓. 1+ 𝑥2 𝑑𝑥 =
0 −1 2− 𝑥+1 2

𝑢 = 1 + 𝑥2 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑎 = 2 ; 𝑢 = (𝑥 + 1)
𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝑥+1
= 𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛 2
+𝑐
4
1 3 1+𝑥 2 3 𝝅
=2 4 =
𝟒

𝟒𝟓
=
𝟖

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 53

EXERCISE 11.3 SOME PROPERTIES OF THE DEFINITE INTEGRAL

𝑒 1
𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝟏𝟏. 𝟏𝟓. 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
0 𝑥2 + 𝑒 0

𝑑𝑢 1
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑒 ; 𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑥𝑑𝑥 ; = 𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝑥 ∙ 2 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2
𝑑𝑢 0
𝑒
2
=
𝑜 𝑢
𝑒
1 𝑑𝑢
=
2 𝑜 𝑢

1 𝑒
= 𝑙𝑛𝑢
2 0

1 𝑒 2−𝑥
= ln 𝑥 2 + 𝑒 cos 𝜃 = ; 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 2 − 𝑥
2 0 2
𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = ; 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝑥
1 𝑎 2
= ln 𝑒 2 + 𝑒 − 𝑙𝑛 0 + 𝑒 ; 𝑙𝑛𝑎 − 𝑙𝑛𝑏 = 𝑙𝑛 2
𝑥 = 2𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 ; 𝑑𝑥 = 4𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑑𝜃
2 𝑏
𝐴𝑡 𝑥 = 1, 𝜃 = 𝜋 4 ; 𝑥 = 0, 𝜃 = 0
1 𝑒2 + 𝑒 1 𝑒 𝑒+1
= 𝑙𝑛 = 𝑙𝑛 𝜋
4
2 𝑒 2 𝑒 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 ∙ 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 ∙ 4𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑑𝜃
1 𝑜
1
= 2 𝑙𝑛 𝑒 + 1 = 𝑙𝑛 𝑒 + 1 2
𝜋
4
=8 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
= 𝒍𝒏 𝒆 + 𝟏 0

𝜋
4 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃
=8 𝑑𝜃
2 𝑑𝑥 0 2 2
𝟏𝟑. 0 𝑥 2 +4
u= x; du=dx; a=2
𝜋
=2 0
4 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 2𝜃 𝑑𝜃
1 𝑥
= 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛
2 2 =𝝅 𝟒
1
= 2
𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 1

𝝅 1
=
𝟖 𝟏𝟕. 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
0

𝑢=𝑥 ; 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥 ; 𝑣 = 𝑒𝑥
1 𝑥
= 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 − 0
𝑒 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑥

= 1−1+0−1 = 1

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 54

EXERCISE 11.3 SOME PROPERTIES OF THE DEFINITE INTEGRAL

𝜋 𝜋
𝑥 𝑥
𝟏𝟗.
2
2
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝟐𝟓. 𝑠𝑖𝑛6 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑑𝑥
0 2 2
0
𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑢 = ; 𝑑𝑢 =
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 ; 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥 2 2
𝜋
𝜋 =2 𝑠𝑖𝑛6 𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
2 𝑜
= 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢
𝑜 6−1 6−3 6−5 2−1 𝜋
=2 6+2 6+2−2 6+2−4 6+2−6 2
𝑢3
=
3 𝟓𝝅
=
𝟏𝟐𝟖
𝑠𝑖𝑛 3 𝑥
= 3

𝟏 𝜋
= 4
𝟑 𝟐𝟕. 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 4𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
8

2−1 2−1
=
𝜋 2+2 2+2−2
2
𝟐𝟏. 𝑠𝑖𝑛6 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 1 𝜋
𝑜 =4 2 2
𝜋
=
6−1 6−3 6−5 (4−1)(4−3)( 2 ) 𝝅
(6+4)(6+4−2)(6+4−4)(6+4−6)(6+4−8) =
𝟏𝟔
𝟑𝝅
=
𝟓𝟏𝟐
2 3
𝟐𝟗. 4 − 𝑥2 2 𝑑𝑥 ; 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = 2𝑠𝑖𝑛∅
0
𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠∅𝑠𝑖𝑛∅
2 3
𝜋 2 2
2
= 4 − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛∅ (2𝑐𝑜𝑠∅𝑑∅)
𝟐𝟑. 𝑠𝑖𝑛7 𝑥 0
𝑜
2 3
(4−1)(7−3)(7−5) = (4 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 ∅)2 2𝑐𝑜𝑠∅𝑐𝑜𝑠∅𝑑∅
= 0
7(7−2)(7−4)(7−6)

2
𝟏𝟔
= = 8 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 ∅ 2𝑐𝑜𝑠∅ 𝑑∅
𝟑𝟓 0

4−1 4−3 𝜋
=( 4 4−2 2

𝟑𝝅
=
𝟏𝟔

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 55

EXERCISE 12.1 AREA UNDER A CURVE

1. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 ; 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑥 = 1 𝑡𝑜 𝑥 = 2 3. 𝑥𝑦 = −1 ; 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑥 = 1 𝑡𝑜 𝑥 = 2

1
𝑦=−
𝑥

2 2
𝐴= 𝑦𝑑𝑥 𝐴= 𝑦𝑑𝑥
1 1

2 2 1
𝐴= 1
3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 𝐴= − 𝑑𝑥
1 𝑥
2
3 2
𝐴= 𝑥 𝐴 = [− 𝑙𝑛 𝑥]
1 1
3 3
𝐴= 2 − 1 𝐴 = {[− 𝑙𝑛 2] − [− 𝑙𝑛 1]}

𝑨 = 𝟕 𝒔𝒒. 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔 𝐴 = − 𝑙𝑛 2; 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑡𝑕𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎,

𝑕𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒,

𝑨 = 𝒍𝒏𝟐 𝒔𝒒. 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 56

EXERCISE 12.1 AREA UNDER A CURVE

5. 𝑦 = 3𝑙𝑛𝑥, 𝑥 = 2 𝑡𝑜 𝑦 = 4 9. 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 3 & 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑥𝑒𝑠

𝑎
𝑑𝐴 = 𝑦𝑑𝑥
0

4
𝐴= 3 𝑙𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥
2

= 3[𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑥 – 𝑥]

= 3[4 𝑙𝑛 4 − 4] − 3[2 𝑙𝑛 2 − 2]

= 3[4 𝑙𝑛 4 − 4 − 2𝑙𝑛 2 + 2]

= 3[8𝑙𝑛2 − 2𝑙𝑛2 − 2]
3
= 3[6𝑙𝑛2 − 2] 𝐴= 0
3 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= 6[3𝑙𝑛2 − 1] 3
𝑥3
𝐴 = 3𝑥 −
2 0
𝑨 = 𝟔[𝒍𝒏𝟖 − 𝟏] 𝒔𝒒. 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔
3 2
𝐴= 3 3 − 2

𝟗
𝑨= 𝒔𝒒. 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔
𝟐
7. 𝑦 = 9 − 𝑥 2 ; 𝑥 = −3 𝑡𝑜 𝑥 = 3
3
𝐴= −3
4 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

𝑨 = 𝟔 𝒔𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 57

EXERCISE 12.1 AREA UNDER A CURVE

11. 𝑦 2 = 4𝑥, 𝑥 = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 4 𝟏𝟑. 𝑥𝑦 = 1, 𝑦 = 𝑥, 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = 0

4
𝐴= 4𝑥𝑑𝑥
1

4 1
𝐴= 4𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
1 𝑥𝑦 = 1; 𝑦 = 𝑥
8 3
𝐴= 𝑥4 𝑥(𝑥) = 1
3
𝑥=1 ; 𝑦=1 ; (1,1)
8(4)3/2 8(1)3/2
𝐴= −
3 3 2
1
𝐴1 = 𝑑𝑥
64 8 𝑥
𝐴= − 1
3 3
= (𝑙𝑛 𝑥)
𝟓𝟔
𝑨= 𝒔𝒒. 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔
𝟑 = 𝑙𝑛 2 − 𝑙𝑛 1

𝐴1 = 𝑙𝑛 2 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

1
𝐴2 = 𝑏𝑕
2
1
= 1 1
2
1
𝐴2 = 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
2

𝐴𝑡 = 𝐴1 + 𝐴2

𝟏
𝑨 = (𝒍𝒏 𝟐 + )𝒔𝒒. 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔
𝟐

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 58

EXERCISE 12.2 AREA BETWEEN TWO CURVES

1. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 ; 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 3 5. y = x 2 ; y = 2 − x 2
𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 3 𝑑𝑦
𝑥 2 = 2𝑥 + 3 = 2𝑥 ; (0,0)
𝑑𝑥
𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3 = 0
𝑥−3 𝑥+1 = 0 𝑥 = 0 ,𝑦 = 0
𝑥 = 3, 𝑥 = −1
𝑑2 𝑦
= 2 (𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑢𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑)
𝐴=
3
2𝑥 + 3 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2
−1
𝑥3 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
= [𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 3 3
]
-1
(3)3 (−1)3
y1= y2
= 32 + 3(3) − 3
− (−1)2 + 3(−1) −
3
𝑥2 = 2 − 𝑥2
5
= 9+3
𝑥2 − 2 + 𝑥2 = 0
𝟑𝟐
𝑨= 𝒔𝒒. 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔 (2𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 1)
𝟑
2𝑥 + 2 = 0𝑥 − 1 = 0
2
2𝑥 = − 𝑥 = 1
3. 𝑥 2 = 𝑦 − 1 ; 𝑥 =𝑦−3 2

Y1=Y2 𝑥 = −1 𝑦 = 1
𝑦−3 2 =𝑦−1 𝑑𝐴 = [𝑌1 − 𝑌2]𝑑𝑥
𝑦 2 − 6𝑦 + 9 = 𝑦 − 1
𝑦−5 𝑦−2 =0 1
𝑑𝐴 = (2 − 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑦 = 5 ,𝑦 = 2 −1
𝑥 =5−3=2
2 1
𝐴= 𝑥 + 3 − (𝑥 2 + 1) 𝑑𝑥 = (2 − 2𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
−1 −1

2 2𝑥 3 2 2
= −1
𝑥 + 2 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑥 − 3
= 2 − 3 − [−2 + 3]

𝑥2 𝑥3 2
=2− +2−
2 2
=
12−4
= + 2𝑥 − 3 3 3
2 3 -1
𝟖
22 23 −1 2 (−1)3 = 𝒔𝒒. 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔
= + 2(2) − − + 2(−1) − 𝟑
2 3 2 3

10 7 27 𝟗
= 3
+6 =A= 6
= 𝟐
𝒔𝒒. 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 59

EXERCISE 12.2 AREA BETWEEN TWO CURVES

𝜋 𝜋
7. 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 ; 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ; 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 11. 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 , 𝑦 = 8, 𝑥 = 0
4 2

𝑑𝑦
= 3𝑥 2 , 0 = 3𝑥 2
x y x y 𝑑𝑥
0 0 0 1
90 1 90 0 𝑦 = 0 ,𝑥 = 0
180 0 180 -1
𝑑2 𝑦
270 -1 270 0 = 6𝑥(𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑢𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑)
360 0 360 1 𝑑𝑥 2

𝜋 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
𝐴2 = 𝜋
2
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 = [-𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥]
4 y1= y2
𝜋 𝜋 2
= [-𝑐𝑜𝑠 ] − [-𝑐𝑜𝑠 ] = 𝑥3 = 8
4 2 2

𝜋 𝑥3 − 8 = 0
2 𝜋 𝜋
𝐴1 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛
𝜋 2 4 𝑥3 = 8
4

3
2 𝑥= 8
= 1−
2
𝑥=2
𝑨𝟐 − 𝑨𝟏 = 𝟐 − 𝟏 𝒔𝒒. 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔
𝑤𝑕𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 2

𝑦 = 8 , (2,8)

𝑤𝑕𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = −2
8
9. 𝑥 2 = 4𝑦 , 𝑦 = 𝑦 = −2 3
, 𝑦 = −8
𝑥 2 +4
𝑥2
𝑦= 4 (-2,-8)
𝑥 2 𝑥 2 + 4 = 32 𝑑𝐴 = [𝑌1 − 𝑌2]𝑑𝑥
2
8 𝑥2
𝐴= 2
− 𝑑𝑥 2
−2 𝑥 + 4 4
𝑑𝐴 = (8 − 𝑥 3 ) 𝑑𝑥
0
𝐴 = 4.95 = 𝟏𝟔 − 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟐 𝒔𝒒. 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 60

EXERCISE 12.2 AREA BETWEEN TWO CURVES

13. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 1 , 𝑦 = 7 − 𝑥 , 𝑥 = 8 15. 𝑦 = 𝑙𝑛𝑥 3 , 𝑦 = 𝑙𝑛𝑥; 𝑥 = 𝑒

8 𝑒
𝐴= 2𝑥 + 1 − 7 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝐴= (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )𝑑𝑥
2 1

8 𝑒
= 2𝑥 + 1 − 7 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = [(𝑙𝑛𝑥 3 ) − (𝑙𝑛𝑥)]𝑑𝑥
2 1

𝑒 𝑒
=
8
3𝑥 − 6 𝑑𝑥 = 1
𝑙𝑛𝑥 3 − 1
𝑙𝑛𝑥
2

3𝑥 2 8 𝑢 = 𝑙𝑛𝑥 3 ; 𝑣 = 𝑥 ; 𝑢 = 𝑙𝑛𝑥 ; 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑𝑥
= − 6𝑥
2 2 3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑𝑥 ; 𝑑𝑢 = ; 𝑣=𝑥
𝑥3 𝑥
3(8)2 3(2)2 𝑒
3𝑥 2
= − 6(8) − − 6(2)
2 2 = 𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑥 3 − 𝑥( 3 )
1 𝑥
= 𝟓𝟒 𝒔𝒒 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔
𝑒 𝑑𝑥 𝑒
= 𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 – [𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑥 − 𝑥( )]
1 𝑥 1
𝑒
= 𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 1
− [𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑥 − 𝑥] 𝑒1

= 𝟐 𝒔𝒒. 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 61

EXERCISE 12.2 AREA BETWEEN TWO CURVES

17. 𝑦 2 = 2𝑎𝑥 , 𝑦 2 = 4𝑎𝑥 − 𝑎2 𝑤𝑕𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = −4𝑎

𝑦 2 = 2𝑎𝑥𝑦 2 = 4𝑎𝑥 − 𝑎2 𝑥 = (−4𝑎)2

𝑥=
𝑦2
;x=
𝑦 2 +𝑎 2 16𝑎2
2𝑎 4𝑎 =
2𝑎
𝑑𝑥 2𝑦
𝑑𝑦
= 2𝑎 = 8𝑎

𝑑𝑥 𝑦
=
𝑑𝑦 𝑎 𝐴 𝑎
𝑦 2 + 𝑎2 𝑦 2
𝑑𝐴 = [ − ]𝑑𝑦
0 = 0 ; (0,0) 𝑜 −𝑎 4𝑎 2𝑎

𝑑2 𝑥 1 =
𝑎 𝑦 2 +𝑎 2 −𝑦 2
( 4𝑎 )𝑑𝑧
= 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑕𝑡 −𝑎
𝑑𝑦 2 𝑎
𝑦3 𝑎2 𝑦 2𝑦 3 a
𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: = + −
12𝑎 4𝑎 12𝑎 -a
X1 = X2
𝑎3 𝑎2 𝑎 2𝑎3 (−𝑎)3 𝑎2 (−𝑎) 2(−𝑎)3
= + − − + −
𝑦 2 𝑦 2 + 𝑎2 12𝑎 4𝑎 12𝑎 12𝑎 4𝑎 12𝑎
=
2𝑎 4𝑎
𝑎3 − 2𝑎3 + 𝑎3 − 2𝑎3 𝑎3 + 𝑎3
= +
4𝑎𝑦 2 = 2𝑎𝑦 2 + 2𝑎3 12𝑎 4𝑎
4𝑎𝑦 2 − 2𝑎𝑦 2 − 2𝑎3 = 0
−2𝑎 3 2𝑎 3 −2𝑎 3 +6𝑎 3
2𝑎𝑦 2 − 2𝑎3 = 0 = 12𝑎
+ 4𝑎
= 12𝑎
2𝑎𝑦 2 = 2𝑎3
4𝑎 3
2𝑎3 = 12𝑎
𝑦2 =
2𝑎
𝑦 = 𝑎2
2 a2
A= 3
sq. units
𝑦 = 𝑎2
𝑦 = ±𝑎
𝑎2 𝑎
X1 = X2=2𝑎 = 2

𝑤𝑕𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 4𝑎

(4𝑎)2
𝑥=
2𝑎

16𝑎2
=
2𝑎

= 8𝑎

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 62

EXERCISE 12.2 AREA BETWEEN TWO CURVES

𝟏𝟗. 𝑦 2 = 𝑥 + 1 ; 𝑦 = 1 − 𝑥 𝟐𝟏. 𝑦 2 = 4𝑥 ; 𝑦 = 4𝑥 − 4

𝑣1= 𝑦 2 − 1; 𝑦𝑥 = 1 4𝑥 = 𝑦 2 2𝑥 = 𝑦 + 4
𝑑𝑥
= 2𝑦 ; 𝑥2 = 1 − 𝑦 𝑦2 𝑦+4
𝑑𝑦 𝑥= 𝑥=
𝑥 = 0; 𝑦 = 0 4 2
𝑑2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 1
= 2 (𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑕𝑡) = 2𝑦
𝑑𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 4
𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
1 1
𝑥1= 𝑦2 ; 𝑦 2 − 1 = 0 = 2𝑦
𝑦 4
𝑦2 + 𝑦 − 2 = 0 0=0
(𝑦 − 1)(𝑦 + 2)
𝑦−1=0 𝑦+2=0 0,0
y=1 y=-2
𝑑2𝑥
𝑣=0 𝑦=3 = (concave to the right)
𝑑𝑦 2
𝑤𝑕𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 2
𝑤𝑕𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = 5 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑤𝑕𝑒𝑛 𝑦 = 1, 𝑥 = 0 𝑦2 𝑦 + 4
=
𝑤𝑕𝑒𝑛 𝑦 = 2, 𝑥 = 3 4 2
𝑤𝑕𝑒𝑛 𝑦 = 3, 𝑥 = 8 2𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 + 4(4)
𝑡𝑕𝑒𝑛;
2𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 − 16 = 0
𝑑𝐴 = 𝑋2 − 𝑋1 𝑑𝑦
2𝑦 − 8 𝑦 + 2
1 1
𝑑𝐴 = 1 − 𝑦 − 𝑦 2 − 1 𝑑𝑦 2𝑦 − 8 = 0𝑦 + 2 = 0
−2 −2
𝑦 = 4; 𝑥 = 4(1, 2)
1
𝐴 = 1 − 𝑦 − 𝑦2 + 1 −2
(4, 4)
𝐴 = 2−𝑦− 𝑦 2 1−2
𝑑𝐴 = (𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )𝑑𝑦
3 1
𝑦2 𝑦 4 𝑦+4 𝑦2
𝐴 = 2𝑦 − − 𝐴= − 𝑑𝑦
2 3 −2
−2 2 4

(1)2 (1)3 (−2)2 (−2)3

𝑨 = 𝟗 𝒔𝒒. 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔
𝐴 = 2(1) − − − 𝐴 = 2(−2) − −
2 3 2 3

1 1 8
𝐴=2−2−3+4+2−3

𝟗
𝑨= 𝒔𝒒. 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔
𝟐

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 63

EXERCISE 12.2 AREA BETWEEN TWO CURVES

23. 𝑦 2 = 𝑥 + 4 , 𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 1 = 0

3
𝐴= 2𝑦 − 1 − 𝑦 2 − 4 𝑑𝑦
−1

3
= 3 + 2𝑦 − 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦
−1

3
𝑦3
= 3𝑦 + 𝑦 2 − 3 −1

𝟑𝟐
=
𝟑

25. 𝑦 = 𝑒 2𝑥 , 𝑦 = 𝑒 , 𝑥 = 2

2
𝐴= 𝑒 2𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
0

2
𝑒 2𝑥
= − 𝑒𝑥
2 0

𝑒4 1
= 2
− 𝑒2 − 2 + 1

𝟐
= 𝟏 𝟐 𝒆𝟐 − 𝟏

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 64

EXERCISE 12.4 VOLUME OF A SOLID OF REVOLUTION

1. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 , 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠, 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠

𝑑𝑦
= 2𝑥 − 2 , 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜
𝑑𝑥

0 = 2𝑥 − 2 ; 𝑦 = 12 − 2(1)

𝑥=1 ; 𝑦 = −1

𝑑2𝑦
=2
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥

𝑣 1, −1

x 0 1 2 3
1 2
y 0 -1 0 3
-1 y
𝑑𝑣 = 𝜋𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 dx (1,-1)
𝑑𝑣 = 𝜋 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 -2
ʃ𝑑𝑣 = 𝜋ʃ 𝑥 4 − 4𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

𝑥5 4𝑥 4 4𝑥 3
𝑣=𝜋 − +
5 4 3

1 5
4
=𝜋 2 − 24 + 2 3
− 0
5 3

32 32
=𝜋 − 16 +
5 3

96 − 240 + 160
=𝜋
15
16
=𝜋 15

𝟏𝟔𝝅
𝑽= 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔𝟑
𝟏𝟓

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 65

EXERCISE 12.4 VOLUME OF A SOLID OF REVOLUTION

𝟑. 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 5 ; 𝑦 = 0 ; 𝑥 = 0 ; 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑦 = 0 𝟓. 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 6 ; 𝑦 = 3 ; 𝑥 = 0 ; 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠

𝑤𝑕𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 0 ; 𝑦 = 5 𝑥 = (6 − 𝑦)

𝑤𝑕𝑒𝑛 𝑦 = 0 ; 𝑥=5 𝑑𝑣 = 𝜋𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦

𝑑𝑣 = 𝜋𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 ; 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑦 = 5 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑣 = 𝜋 6 − 𝑦 𝑑𝑦

𝑦2 = 5 − 𝑥 2
𝑑𝑣 = 𝜋 36 − 12𝑦 + 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦

𝑑𝑣 = 𝜋 5 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑣 3
𝑑𝑣 = 36 − 12𝑦 + 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦
𝑣 5 0 0
𝑑𝑣 = 𝜋 25 − 10𝑥 + 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
0 0 𝑦2 𝑦3
𝑉 = 𝜋 36𝑦 − 12 +
2 3
10𝑥 2 𝑥 3
𝑉 = 𝜋 25𝑥 − +
2 3 2
1 2
𝑉= 36 3 − 6 3 + 3 − 0
3
2
1 3
𝑉=𝜋 25 5 − 5 5 + 5 − 0 1
3 𝑉 = 𝜋 36 3 − 6 9 +
3 27
125
𝑉 = 𝜋 125 − 125 + 3
−0
𝑉 = 𝜋[ 36 3 − 6 9 + 9]
𝟏𝟐𝟓𝝅
𝑽= 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔𝟑 𝑉 = 𝜋(9)(12 − 6 + 1)
𝟑
𝑉 = 𝜋(9)(7)

y 𝑽 = 𝟔𝟑𝝅 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔𝟑
𝑥=0

𝑦𝑥 = 0
5 (0,6)
3 5 𝑥+𝑦 =6
2 y 3 𝑦=3
1 3 5 x 𝑑𝑦 1 (6,0)
𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑦=0 0 1 3 5 𝑥

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 66

EXERCISE 12.4 VOLUME OF A SOLID OF REVOLUTION

𝟕. 𝑥𝑦 = 4, 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = 4; 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑦 = 4 9. 𝑦 2 = 4𝑎𝑥, 𝑥 = 𝑎; 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑥 = 𝑎

𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 2 𝑕
2
𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 𝑕
𝑉 = 𝜋(𝑎 − 𝑥)2 𝑕
𝑉 = 𝜋(4 − 𝑦)2 𝑑𝑥
𝑣 2𝑎
𝑦2 2
4 2 𝑑𝑣 = 𝜋(𝑎 − ) 𝑑𝑦
𝑉 = 𝜋 4− 𝑑𝑥 0 −2𝑎 4𝑎
𝑥
2𝑎
𝑣 2
𝑦2 𝑦4
32 16 𝑉= 𝜋 (𝑎2 − + ) 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑣 = 𝜋 (16 − + 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 −2𝑎 2 16𝑎2
0 0 𝑥 𝑥
𝑦3 𝑦5
16 𝑉 = 𝜋 𝑎2 𝑦 − +
𝑉 = 𝜋 16 2 − 32𝑙𝑛2 − −0 6 16 5 𝑎2
2
2𝑎3 2𝑎5 −2𝑎3 −2𝑎5
𝑉 = 8𝜋 4 − 4 𝑙𝑛 2 − 1 𝑉 = 𝑎2 2𝑎 − + − 𝑎2 −2𝑎 − +
6 16(5)𝑎2 16 16(5)𝑎2

𝑽 = 𝟖𝝅 𝟑 − 𝟒 𝒍𝒏 𝟐 𝒄𝒖. 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔 2 1
𝑉 = 4𝑎3 𝜋 1 − 3 + 5

𝟑𝟐𝒂𝟑 𝝅
𝑽= 𝒄𝒖. 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔
𝟏𝟓

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 67

EXERCISE 12.4 VOLUME OF A SOLID OF REVOLUTION

𝟏𝟏. 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥, 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 1; 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑦 = 1

𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 2 𝑕

𝑉 = 𝜋(1 − 𝑦)2 𝑑𝑥
𝜋
𝑣
2
𝑣= 𝜋 (1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 )2 𝑑𝑥
0 0

𝜋
2
𝑉= 𝜋 1 − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
0

𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥
𝑉 = 𝜋[𝑥 + 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + − ]
2 4
3𝑥 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥
𝑉= 𝜋 + 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + −
2 2 4
3𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥
𝑉= 𝜋 + 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 −
2 4
3𝜋
𝑉= 𝜋 + 0 − 4(0) − 0 + 2 + 0
4
3𝜋 2
𝑉= − 2𝜋
4

𝝅
𝑽= 𝟑𝝅 − 𝟖 𝒄𝒖. 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔
𝟒

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 68

EXERCISE 12.5 THE WASHER METHOD

9
𝑉=𝜋 32 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦
1. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 , 𝑥 = 3, 𝑦 = 0; 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 0

9
𝑉=𝜋 9 − 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
0

𝑦2 9
𝑉 = 𝜋 9𝑦 −
2 0

(9)2 9
𝑉 = 𝜋 9(9) −
2 0

𝟖𝟏𝝅
𝑽= 𝑪𝑼𝑩𝑰𝑪 𝑼𝑵𝑰𝑻𝑺
𝟐

3. 𝑦 2 = 4𝑎𝑥, 𝑥 = 𝑎; 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠

𝑦 2 = 4𝑎𝑥
x y
0 0
dy
a 2a
x

2𝑎
X=a
𝑉= 𝜋 𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦
−2𝑎

2𝑎 2
𝑦2 2
= 𝜋 (𝑎 − )𝑑𝑦
−2𝑎 4𝑎
2𝑎
𝑦4
= 𝜋 𝑎2 − 𝑑𝑦
−2𝑎 16𝑎2

2
𝑦5 2𝑎
= 𝜋 𝑎 𝑦−
80𝑎2 −2𝑎

32𝑎5 32𝑎5
= 𝜋 (2𝑎3 − ) − (−2𝑎 3
+ )
80𝑎2 80𝑎2

2𝑎 3 2𝑎 3
= 𝜋 (2𝑎3 − )− (2𝑎3 + )
5 5

𝟏𝟔𝝅𝒂𝟑
𝑽= 𝟓

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 69

EXERCISE 12.5 THE WASHER METHOD

5. 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 = 𝑎2 , 𝑥 = 𝑏
𝑎
𝑉 = 4𝜋 0 𝑎2 − 𝑦 2 + 𝑏 𝑑𝑦
𝑦3
𝑉 = 4𝜋 𝑎2 𝑦 − 3
+ 𝑏𝑦 a
𝑎3 (-a,0) (a,0)
𝑉 = 4𝜋 𝑎3 − 3 − 𝑎𝑏 o
2𝑎 3
𝑉 = 4𝜋 − 𝑎𝑏
3 x=b
𝟖𝝅𝒂𝟑
𝑽=
𝟑

7. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 25 , 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 5 ; 𝑦 = 0
5
𝑉= 𝜋 0
25 − 𝑥 2 − 5 − 𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥

𝟏𝟐𝟓𝝅
𝑽= 𝒄𝒖. 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔
𝟑

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 70

EXERCISE 12.5 THE WASHER METHOD

𝑦2 = 𝑦1
9. 𝑦 2 = 4𝑥, 𝑥 2 = 4𝑦; 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 2
𝑥2
4𝑥 =
4
3
64𝑥 = 𝑥
𝑥 = 4, 𝑦 = 4: 𝑃𝑂𝐼 (4,4)
4 2
2 𝑥2
𝑉=𝜋 4𝑥 − 𝑑𝑥
0 4
4
𝑥4
𝑉=𝜋 4𝑥 − 𝑑𝑥
0 16
𝑥5 4
𝑉 = 𝜋 2𝑥 2 −
80 0
(4)5
𝑉 = 𝜋 2(4)2 +
80
𝟗𝟔𝝅
𝑽= 𝑪𝑼𝑩𝑰𝑪 𝑼𝑵𝑰𝑻𝑺
𝟓

11. 𝑦 2 = 8𝑥, 𝑌 = 2𝑥; 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑦 = 4 𝑦2 = 𝑦1

2
8𝑥 = 2𝑥

8𝑥 = 4𝑥 2

𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = 4: 𝑃𝑂𝐼 (2,4)
4𝑥 3 2
𝑉 = 𝜋 4𝑥 2 −
3 0

4(2)3
2
𝑉 = 𝜋 4(2) +
3

𝟏𝟔𝝅
𝑽= 𝑪𝑼𝑩𝑰𝑪 𝑼𝑵𝑰𝑻𝑺
𝟑

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 71

EXERCISE 12.6 THE CYLINDRICAL SHELL METHOD

𝟏. 4𝑦 = 𝑥 3 , 𝑦 = 0, 𝑥 = 2, ; 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑥 = 2 3. 𝑥 = 4𝑦 – 𝑦 2 , 𝑦 = 𝑥 , 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑦 = 0

2
V = 2π 0
𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑥
3
2 𝑥3 V = 2π 0
𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑦
V = 2π 0
2−𝑥
4
dx
3
V = 2π 0
4𝑦 − 𝑦 2 − 𝑦 𝑦𝑑𝑦
2 𝑥2 𝑥4
V = 2π [
0 2
−
4
]𝑑𝑥
3
V = 2π 0
4𝑦 2 − 𝑦 3 − 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦
𝑥4 𝑥5 2
V = 2π −
4 20 0 4 2 1 4 1 3
V = 2π 𝑦 − 𝑦 − 3 𝑦3
(2)4 (2)5 2
3 4 0
V = 2π −
4 20 0 𝑦4 3
V = 2π 𝑦 3 −
3
4 0
V = 2π 5
(3)4 3
V = 2π (3)3 −
𝟒𝝅 4 0
V= 𝟓
cubic units
𝟐𝟕𝝅
V= 𝟐
𝒄𝒖𝒃𝒊𝒄 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 72

EXERCISE 12.6 THE CYLINDRICAL SHELL METHOD

𝜋
5. 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥, 𝑥 = 2
𝜋
𝑉 = 2𝜋 𝜋
2
𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥
4

𝝅
𝑽= 𝟒 + 𝟐𝝅 − 𝟐𝝅 𝒄𝒖. 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔
𝟐 𝜋
2

7. 𝑥 = 2 𝑦 ,𝑥 = 0 ,𝑦 = 0 Y=9
9
𝑉 = 2𝜋 0
9 − 𝑦 2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦

𝟏𝟐𝟗𝟔𝝅
𝑽= 𝒄𝒖. 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔
𝟓

9.𝑦 = 𝑙𝑛𝑥 , 𝑥 = 𝑒 , 𝑦 = 0
𝑒
𝑉 = 2𝜋 1
𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥
(e,1)
𝑽 = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟕𝟕 𝒄𝒖. 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔

(1,0)

X=e

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 73

EXERCISE 12.6 THE CYLINDRICAL SHELL METHOD

11. 𝑦 2 = 8𝑥 , 𝑥 = 0 , 𝑦 = 4 ; about 𝑦 = 4

4
𝑦2
𝑉 = 2𝜋 4−𝑦 𝑑𝑦
0 8

4
𝜋
= 4𝑦 2 − 𝑦 3 𝑑𝑦
4 0

4
𝜋 4𝑦 3 𝑦4
= 4 3
− 4 0

𝟏𝟔𝝅
=
𝟑

13. ( 𝑥 – 3 ) 2 + 𝑦 2 = 9; 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑦 – 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠.

3
𝑉 = 8𝜋 x 9  ( x  3) dx
2

− ( 9 – ( x − 3 ) 2 3 27 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 3 9 2
3
𝑉 = 8𝜋( )2 + + (𝑥 − 3)( 9 − 𝑥 − 3
3 2 3 2 0
27
𝑉 = 8𝜋(27𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 − 1)
2
27
𝑉 = 8𝜋( )(−𝑠𝑖𝑛 − 1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)
2
𝜋
𝑉 = 108𝜋( )
2
𝑽 = 𝟓𝟒𝝅𝟐

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 74

EXERCISE 12.6 THE CYLINDRICAL SHELL METHOD

15. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑎2 ; 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑥 = 𝑏 𝑏 > 𝑎

𝑎
2 2
𝑉= 𝜋 𝑏−𝑥 − 𝑏−𝑥 𝑑𝑦
−𝑎
𝑎
𝑉= 𝜋 𝑏 2 − 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑥 2 − 𝑏 2 − 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦
−𝑎
𝑎
𝑉= 𝜋 4𝑏𝑥𝑑𝑦
−𝑎

𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑒: 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑎2 =𝑥= 𝑦 2 − 𝑎2
𝑎
𝑉 = 4𝑏𝜋 −𝑎
𝑦 2 − 𝑎2 𝑑𝑦
𝑦 𝑎2 𝑎
𝑉 = 4𝑏𝜋 𝑦 2 − 𝑎2 − ln 𝑦 + 𝑦 2 − 𝑎2 + 𝑐
2 2 −𝑎

𝑽 = 𝟐𝝅𝟐 𝒂𝟐 𝒃

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑎2

a a

a a

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 75

EXERCISE 12.7 VOLUME OF SOLIDS WITH KNOWN CROSS SECTIONS

𝟏. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 36 𝟑. 9𝑥 2 + 16𝑦 2 = 144

1
𝑆2 𝐴 𝑥 = 𝑏𝑕
𝐴 𝑥 = , 𝑆 = 2𝑦 2
2
1
𝐴 𝑥 = 2𝑦 2 , 𝑦= 36 − 𝑥 2 𝐴 𝑥 = (2𝑦)(𝑦)
2
6
𝐴 𝑥 = 𝑦2
𝑣= 𝐴 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
8
−6
𝑉=2 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥
6
0
𝑣= 2𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
8 144−9𝑥 2
−6 𝑉=2 0 16
𝑑𝑥
6
𝑣= −6
2(3𝑥 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥 𝑽 = 𝟒𝟖 𝒄𝒖. 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔
𝒗 = 𝟓𝟕𝟔 𝒄𝒖. 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 76

EXERCISE 12.7 VOLUME OF SOLIDS WITH KNOWN CROSS SECTIONS

𝟓.

𝐴 𝑦 = (1 − 𝑥)(2𝑦 2 )
2

𝑉 = 2 (1 − 𝑥 )2𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦
0

2
𝑦2 2
𝑉 = 2 (1 − )𝑦 𝑑𝑦
4
0

64
𝑉 = 15

𝑽 = 𝟒. 𝟐𝟔𝟔𝟕 𝒄𝒖. 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 77

EXERCISE 12.8 LENGTH OF AN ARC

3 2 2 2
𝟏. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑥 = 0 𝑡𝑜 𝑥 = 5 3. 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑒 𝑕𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑖𝑑 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 + 𝑎3
3
2
𝑦 = 𝑥2 9
1

3 1 𝑦3
𝑑𝑦 = 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑆= 1+ − 1 𝑑𝑥
2 0 𝑥3
𝑑𝑦 3 1
= 𝑥2
𝑑𝑥 2
2 1
9
𝑥3 + 𝑦3
5
𝑑𝑦 𝑆= 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑠= 1 + ( )2 𝑑𝑥 0 𝑥 3
0 𝑑𝑥
2 2 2
5 3 1 𝑁𝑜𝑡𝑒: 𝑎3 = 𝑥3 + 𝑦3
= 0
1+ ( 𝑥 2 )2 dx
2
2
9
5 9 𝑎3
= 1 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑆= 2 𝑑𝑥
0 4 0 𝑥3
𝒔 = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟒𝟎𝟕 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔 1
9
𝑎3
𝑆= 1 𝑑𝑥
0 𝑥3
2
3𝑥 3 9
1
𝑆= 𝑎 3
2 0

3𝑎
𝑆=
2
3𝑎
𝑆=4 2

𝑺 = 𝟔𝒂

X=0 x=5

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 78

EXERCISE 12.8 LENGTH OF AN ARC

𝜋 𝜋
5. 𝑦 = 𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑥 , 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑦 = 6
𝑡𝑜 𝑦 = 2
7. 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑖𝑑 𝑥 = 𝑎 𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 ,
𝑦 = 𝑎(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)
𝑦 = 𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑥 ; 𝑙𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 = 𝑥
𝑥 = 𝑎(𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃) 𝑦 = 𝑎(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)
1 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎(𝑑𝜃 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑑𝜃) 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑑𝜃)
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑎(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝜃
𝑑𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦
=
𝑑𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 2𝜋
𝑠= 𝑎2 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 2 + 𝑎2 sin2 𝜃
𝑑𝑥 0
= 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑦
𝑑𝑦
2𝜋 2
𝑠=𝑎 0
1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + sin2 𝜃
𝜋
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑆= 𝜋
2
1+ 𝑑𝑦
6
𝑑𝑦 𝒔 = 𝟖𝒂
𝜋
= 𝜋
2
1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
6

𝑺 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟏𝟔𝟗𝟔 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔
9. 𝑇𝑕𝑒 𝐶𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑜𝑖𝑑 𝑟 = 2 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

𝑟 = 2 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑑𝑟 = 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑑𝜃
𝑑𝑟
𝜋 = 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑑𝜃
2 𝑟 2 = 4(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)2
2𝜋
𝑆= 4(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)2 + 4𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
0

2𝜋
𝑆=2 0
(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)2 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
𝜋
𝑺 = 𝟏𝟔 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔
6

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 79

EXERCISE 12.9 AREA OF A SURFACE OF REVOLUTION

1. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 16 ; 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑥 = 2 𝑡𝑜 𝑥 = 4 3. 𝑦 2 = 12𝑥 ; 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑥 = 0 𝑡𝑜 𝑥 = 3

4 3
𝑆 = 2𝜋 𝑦𝑑𝑠 𝑆 = 2𝜋 𝑦𝑑𝑠
2 0

𝑦= 16 − 𝑥 2 𝑦 = 12𝑥

𝑑𝑦 1 −
1 𝑑𝑦 1 1
= 16 − 𝑥 2 2 (−2𝑥) = 12𝑥 2 (12)
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 2

𝑑𝑦 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 6
=− =
𝑑𝑥 16 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 12𝑥

𝑑𝑦 2 36
𝑑𝑠 = 1+ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑠 = 1+ 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 12𝑥

12𝑥 + 36
𝑥2 𝑑𝑠 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑠 = 1+ 𝑑𝑥 12𝑥
16 − 𝑥 2
2 3𝑥 + 9
𝑑𝑠 = 𝑑𝑥
16 − + 𝑥2 𝑥2 12𝑥
𝑑𝑠 = 𝑑𝑥
16 − 𝑥 2
3
2 3𝑥 + 9
𝑆 = 2𝜋 12𝑥 𝑑𝑥
4 0 12𝑥
𝑑𝑠 = 𝑑𝑥
16 − 𝑥 2 3
𝑆 = 4𝜋 0
3𝑥 + 9 𝑑𝑥
4
4
𝑆 = 2𝜋 16 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
2 16 − 𝑥 2 𝑺 = 𝟏𝟑𝟕. 𝟖𝟔𝟎 𝒔𝒒. 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔

4
𝑆 = 2𝜋 2
4𝑑𝑥
5. 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 ; 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑥 = 0 𝑡𝑜 𝑥 = 1
𝑺 = 𝟏𝟔𝝅 𝒔𝒒. 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔
𝑑𝑦
= 3𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑠 = 1 + 9𝑥 4 𝑑𝑥
1 3
𝑆 = 2𝜋 0
𝑥 1 + 9𝑥 4 𝑑𝑥

𝑺 = 𝟑. 𝟓𝟔𝟑𝟏 𝒔𝒒. 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 80

EXERCISE 12.9 AREA OF A SURFACE OF REVOLUTION

𝜋
7. 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑦 ; 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑦 = 0 𝑡𝑜 𝑦 = 4

𝜋
4
𝑆 = 2𝜋 𝑥𝑑𝑠
0

𝑑𝑥
= − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑦(2)
𝑑𝑦

𝑑𝑠 = 1 + 4 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2𝑦
𝜋
𝑆 = 2𝜋 4
0
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑦 1 + 4 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2𝑦 𝑑𝑦

𝑺 = 𝟒. 𝟗𝟑𝟔𝟔𝟓 𝒔𝒒. 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔

9. 4 − 𝑥 2 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑥 = 0 𝑡𝑜 𝑥 = 2
2
𝑆 = 2𝜋 𝑥𝑑𝑠
0

𝑑𝑦
= −2𝑥
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑠 = 1 + 4𝑥^2 𝑑𝑥
2
𝑆 = 2𝜋 0
𝑥 1 + 4𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

𝑺 = 𝟑𝟔. 𝟏𝟕𝟔𝟗 𝒔𝒒. 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 81

EXERCISE 12.9 AREA OF A SURFACE OF REVOLUTION

13. 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 ; 𝑥 = 0 ; 𝑥 = 1 ; 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑥 −

𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠
1
𝑆 = 2𝜋 𝑚𝑥 1 + 𝑚2 𝑑𝑥
0

1
𝑆 = 2𝜋 𝑚 1 + 𝑚2 = 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
0

1
𝑆 = 2𝜋 𝑚 1 + 𝑚2( 𝑥2/2 )
0

𝑆 = 2𝜋 𝑚 1 + 𝑚2( ½ )

𝑺 = 𝝅 𝒎 𝟏 + 𝒎𝟐

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 82

EXERCISE 13.1 FORCE OF FLUID PRESSURE

1. 𝐹 = 𝑤𝐴𝑥 3. 𝐹 = 𝑤𝐴𝑥
= (62.5𝑙𝑏/𝑓𝑡 3 )(96𝑓𝑡 2 )(4𝑓𝑡) 1 2
𝐹=𝑤 5 3 2 + ( )(3)
= 24000𝑙𝑏 2 3

𝐹 𝑭 = 𝟑𝟎𝒘 𝒍𝒃
𝑃=
𝐴
𝑤𝐴𝑥
𝑃=
𝐴 2
3

𝑃 = 𝑤𝑥 5

62.5𝑙𝑏3 1𝑓𝑡 2 3
𝑃=( )(4𝑓𝑡)( )
𝑓𝑡 144𝑖𝑛 2 5

(625)(4)
𝑃= 144 5
3

𝑷 = 𝟏. 𝟕𝟒 𝒑𝒔𝒊 5

5. 𝐹 = 50𝑤
12ft
𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 3𝑓𝑡
𝑥
8ft 𝐹 = 𝑤𝐴𝑥

1 1
50 = 𝑕 3 𝑕
2 3

𝑕2
50 =
2

100 = 𝑕2

𝒉 = 𝟏𝟎𝒇𝒕

3
5

h
5

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 83

EXERCISE 13.1 FORCE OF FLUID PRESSURE

7. 𝐹 = 𝑤𝐴𝑥

= 𝑤[(𝜋)(3)(2)](2)

𝑭 = 𝟏𝟐𝝅 𝒘

𝑏 = 6 = major axis
𝑎 = 4 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠

0
y
b 𝑥

A=𝜋𝑎𝑏

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 84

EXERCISE 13.2 WORK

1.

𝑏
𝑤= 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑎
1
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑘𝑥 ; 𝑤𝑕𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑥 = 𝑓𝑡, 𝑓 𝑥 = 40 𝑙𝑏 ; 𝑎 = 0, 𝑏 = 14 − 10 = 4
2
1
40 𝑙𝑏 = 𝑘 𝑓𝑡 , 𝑘 = 80
2
4
𝑤= 0
80𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝒘 = 𝟔𝟒𝟎 𝒍𝒃 − 𝒇𝒕

3.

𝑏
𝑤= 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑎
1
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑘𝑥 ; 𝑤𝑕𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑥 = 𝐿 𝑓𝑡, 𝑓 𝑥 = 5 𝑙𝑏 𝑎 = 0, 𝑏 = 𝐿
10
𝐿 50
𝑤= 0 𝐿
𝑥𝑑𝑥

𝒘 = 𝟐𝟓𝑳 𝒇𝒕 − 𝒍𝒃

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 85

EXERCISE 13.2 WORK

5.
𝑊 = 𝐹𝑆

𝑑𝑤 = 𝑤 𝑑𝑣 60 − 𝑥

𝑑𝑤 = 𝜋𝑟 2 𝑤 60 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑤 = 9𝜋𝑤(60 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝑤 10
𝑑𝑤 = 9𝜋𝑤 60 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
0 0

10
𝑤 = 9𝜋𝑤 60𝑥 − 𝑥 2
0

𝑥 2 10
𝑤 = 9𝜋𝑤 60𝑥 −
2 0

𝑤 = 9𝜋𝑤 600 − 50

𝒘 = 𝟒𝟗𝟓𝟎𝒘𝝅 𝒇𝒕. 𝒍𝒃

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 86

EXERCISE 13.2 WORK

9.

𝑏
𝑤=𝑤 𝑕𝑑𝑉
𝑎

𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 = 𝑙 𝑥 𝑤 𝑥 𝑕; 𝑤𝑕𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑙 = 10 𝑓𝑡, 𝑤 = 2𝑥, 𝑕 = 𝑑𝑦

𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 𝑟2 ; 𝑥 = 𝑟 2 − 𝑦 2 ; 𝑤𝑕𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑟 = 2

2
𝑤=𝜋 6−𝑦 10 𝑓𝑡 2𝑥 𝑑𝑦
−2

2
𝑤 = 20𝜋 6−𝑦 22 − 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦
−2

𝒘 = 𝟐𝟒𝟎𝝅𝒘 𝒇𝒕 − 𝒍𝒃

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 87

EXERCISE 13.3 FIRST MOMENT OF A PLANE AREA

1. 𝑦 2 = 4𝑥, 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 4 5. 𝑦 2 = 4𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 2 = 4𝑦

1 4
𝑀𝑥 = 2 0
4𝑥𝑑𝑥

𝑴𝒙 = 𝟏𝟔
4
𝑀𝑦 = 0
𝑥 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑴𝒚 = 𝟐𝟓. 𝟔

𝑦2 𝑥4
4𝑥 =
= 4𝑥 16

64𝑥 − 𝑥 4 = 0
𝑥=4 𝑥 64 − 𝑥 3 = 0

𝑥1 = 0, 𝑥2 = 4

1 4 𝑥4
𝑀𝒙 = 2 𝑜
4𝑥 − 16
𝑑𝑦

3. 𝑥 = 4 𝟒𝟖
𝑴𝒙 =
𝟓

𝑏
𝑀𝛌 = 𝑙𝑑𝐴
𝑎
4
𝑀𝛌 = 𝑥 4 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑜
4
𝑀𝛌 = 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦
𝑜
4
𝑦4
𝑀𝛌 = 𝑦2 − 𝑑𝑦
𝑜 16
𝟐𝟓𝟔
𝑴𝛌 =
𝟏𝟓
DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 88
EXERCISE 13.3 FIRST MOMENT OF A PLANE AREA

3 27𝜋
7. 𝑀 = 0
3−𝑦 [ 9 − 𝑦 2 − 3 − 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑀= −9−9
3 4
= 0
3−𝑦 3 + 𝑦 3 − 𝑦 − (3 − 𝑦)2 𝑑𝑦 27𝜋
3 3 1 𝑀= − 18
= (3 − 𝑦)2 (3 + 𝑦)2 − (3 − 𝑦)2 𝑑𝑦 4
0 27𝜋−72
3 3 3
= 0 3 9 − 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 − 0 𝑦 9 − 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 − 0 (3 − 𝑦)2 𝑑𝑦 𝑀= 4
𝟗
3 𝑴= [𝟑𝝅 − 𝟖]
*𝐴 =3 0
9 − 𝑦2 𝑑𝑦 𝟒
9−𝑦 2 𝑦
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 3
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 3
𝑦
3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 9 − 𝑦2 3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝑦; 𝜃 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛 3
3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑑𝜃 = 𝑑𝑦 𝟗. 𝑥 = 4𝑦 − 𝑦 2 , 𝑦 = 𝑥
𝜋
𝑦 = 3; 𝜃 = 2
𝑦 = 0; 𝜃 = 0
𝜋
=3 0
2 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑑𝜃
𝜋 𝜋
2 2 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃
= 27 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃𝑑𝜃 = 27 𝑑𝜃
0 0 2
𝜋
𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 2 𝜋 27𝜋
= 27 + = 27 =
2 4 0 4 4
3
*𝐵 = − 𝑦 9 − 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦
0
𝑢 = 9 − 𝑦2 @ 𝑦 = 3; 𝑢 = 0
𝑑𝑢 = −2𝑦𝑑𝑦 𝑦 = 0; 𝑢 = 9
𝑑
𝑑𝑢 1
− = 𝑦𝑑𝑦 𝑀𝑦 = 𝑥𝑟2 − 𝑥𝑙2 𝑑𝑦
2
2 𝑐
1 9−𝑦 2
= 2 3 | 30 1 3
2 𝑀𝑦 = 4𝑦 − 𝑦 2 2
− 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦
3 3 2 0
1 2
= ( )[(9 − 9) −
2 3
2 (9 − 0) ]
2

1
𝟓𝟒
= −27 = −9 𝑴𝒚 =
3 𝟓
3
*𝐶 =− 0
(3 − 𝑦)2 𝑑𝑦
𝑢 =3−𝑦
𝑑𝑢 = −𝑑𝑦
(3−𝑦)3 3
= 3
|0
0 3 3
= 3
− 3
= −9

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 89

EXERCISE 13.4 CENTROID OF A PLANE AREA

1. 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 6, 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 0

Solving for A

𝑑𝐴 = 𝑦𝑑𝑥
6 6 𝑥
0
𝑑𝐴 = 0
3 − 2 𝑑𝑥

𝑥2 6
𝐴 = [3𝑥 − ]
4 0

36
𝐴= 3 6 − 4

𝑨 = 𝟗 𝒔𝒒. 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔

Solving for 𝑥 Solving for 𝑦

6 6
𝐴𝑥 = 0
𝑋𝑐 𝑑𝐴 𝐴𝑦 = 0
𝑌𝑐 𝑑𝐴

6 𝑥2 1 6 𝑥 𝑥
𝐴𝑥 = 0
𝑥 3− 2
𝑑𝑥 𝐴𝑦 = 2 0
(3 − 2 ) (3 − 2 )𝑑𝑥

6 𝑥2 1 6 𝑥2
𝐴𝑥 = 0
3𝑥 − 𝑑𝑥 𝐴𝑦 = (9 − 3𝑥 + )𝑑𝑥
2 2 0 4

3𝑥 2 𝑥3 6 1 3 𝑥3
𝐴𝑥 = [ 2
− ]
3 0
𝐴𝑦 = 2 [9𝑥 − 2 𝑥 2 + 12 ] 60

1
9𝑥 = 18 𝑦 = 3 (3)

𝒙 = 𝟐 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔 𝒚 = 𝟏 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕

Centroid: (2,1)

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 90

EXERCISE 13.4 CENTROID OF A PLANE AREA

3. 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥, 𝑦 = 0 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑥 = 0 − 𝜋

A= 𝑦𝑑𝑥
𝜋
= 0
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥

= −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

A=2
𝑦 𝜋
𝑀𝑥 = 𝑦𝑐𝑑𝑎; 𝑦𝑐 = 2 𝑀𝑦 = 0
𝑥𝑐𝑑𝑎; 𝑥𝑐 = 𝑥

𝜋 𝑦 𝜋
= ( )𝑦𝑑𝑥
0 2
= 0
𝑥𝑦𝑑𝐴

1 𝜋 𝜋
=2 0
𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥

1 𝜋
=2 0
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑢 = 𝑥 ; 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥

1 𝜋 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥
= ( ) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥 ; 𝑣 = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
2 0 2

1 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥
= 2 (2 − 2 2
𝑑𝑥 = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥

1 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥
= 2 (2 − 4
) = [−𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥]

𝜋
𝑀𝑥 = (2) = −𝜋𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜋 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜋 + 0 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛0
4

𝜋
𝑥 = =𝜋
2

𝜋
𝑦 = ( 4 )(2)

𝜋
=
8

𝝅 𝝅
Centroid: ,
𝟐 𝟖

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 91

EXERCISE 13.4 CENTROID OF A PLANE AREA

7. 𝑦 2 = 𝑥 3 , 𝑦 = 2𝑥
4 3
𝐴= (2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥
0

2 5
𝐴 = [𝑥 2 − 𝑥 2 ]
5
64
𝐴 = [16 − ]
5
16
𝐴= 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
5
4 4
1
𝐴𝑥 = 𝑦𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝐴𝑦 = 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥
0 2 0

4 4
3 1 5
𝐴𝑥 = (2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 )𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝐴𝑦 = [(2𝑥)2 − 𝑥 2 ]𝑑𝑥
0 2 0

4 4
5 1
𝐴𝑥 = (2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥 𝐴𝑦 = (4𝑥 2 − 𝑥 3 ) 𝑑𝑥
0 2 0

2 2 7 1 4 3 𝑥4 4
𝐴𝑥 = [ 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 ] 𝐴𝑦 = 𝑥 −
3 7 2 3 4 0
5 2 2 7 10
𝑥 = [ (4)3 − (4)2 𝑦= 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
16 3 7 3
5 128 257
𝑥= [ − ]
16 3 7
40
𝑥= 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
21

𝟒𝟎 𝟏𝟎
𝑪𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒐𝒊𝒅: ,
𝟐𝟏 𝟑

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 92

EXERCISE 13.4 CENTROID OF A PLANE AREA

9. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 25, 𝑥+𝑦 =5 25𝜋 − 50

𝐴=
4
25
𝐴= (𝜋 − 2)
4
5
𝑀𝑦 = 𝑥 25 − 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 𝑑𝑥
0
5 5 5
= 𝑥 25 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 − 5𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
0 0 0
5 𝑢 = 25 − 𝑥 2
𝑑𝑢 = −2𝑥𝑑𝑥
x
3 5
5 1 25−𝑥 2 2 5𝑥 2 𝑥3
25 − 𝑥2 = −2 3 − +
𝐴= 25 − 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2
2 3
5 0
0 3
5 5 5 25−𝑥 2 2 5𝑥 2 𝑥3
𝐴= 0
25 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 − 5 0
𝑑𝑥 + 0
𝑥𝑑𝑥 =− − +
3 2 3 0
A B C 0 125 125 125
5 = − − + − − −0+0
𝐴∶ 0
25 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 3 2 3 3
125 250 375 + 500
5 cos 𝜃 = 25 − 𝑥 2 =− + = −
𝑥 2 3 6
5 sin 𝜃 = 𝑥 ; 𝜃 = arcsin 125
5 𝑀𝑦 =
𝜋 6
5 cos 𝜃 = 𝑑𝑥 @𝑥 = 5 ; 𝜃 = 1 5 2
2 𝑀𝑥 = 25 − 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 =0; 𝜃 =0 2 0
𝜋
5
2 1 1 5
= 5 cos 𝜃 ∙ 5 cos 𝜃 = 25 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 − 5 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
0 2 0 2 0
𝜋 2
2
2
1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃
2
1 𝑥3 𝑥3
= 25 cos 𝜃𝑑𝜃 → cos 𝜃 = = 25𝑥 − − 1/2 25𝑥 + − 5𝑥
0 2 2 3 3
𝜋 𝜋 1 125 1 125
1 2 1 2 = 125 − − 125 + − 125 − 0
= 25 𝑑𝜃 + cos 2𝜃𝑑𝜃 2 3 2 3
2 0 2 0 125
𝑀𝑥 =
6
𝜋 ∏/2
∴ 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑖𝑑:
= 25 +0 125
4 0 𝑀𝑥 125 4
25𝜋 𝑥= = 6
= ∙
= 𝐴 25 𝜋−2 6 25 𝜋 − 2
4 4
5
𝐵 ∶ − 5 0 𝑑𝑥 10
5 𝑥=
= −5𝑥 0 3 𝜋−2
= −25 125
𝑀𝑥 6
𝑦= =
𝑥2
5 𝐴 25 𝜋−2
𝐶∶ 2 4
0 10
25 𝑦=3 𝜋−2
=
2
25𝜋 25 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
∴𝐴= − 25 + 𝑪𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒐𝒊𝒅 𝒊𝒔 𝒂𝒕 ,
4 2 𝟑 𝝅−𝟐 𝟑 𝝅−𝟐
25
𝐴 = 25𝜋 −
2

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 93

EXERCISE 13.5 CENTROID OF A SOLID OF REVOLUTION

1. 𝑦 2 = 𝑥 ; 𝑦 = 3 ; 𝑥 = 0 ; 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝟑. 𝑥 2 𝑦 = 4, 𝑥 = 1, 𝑥 = 4, 𝑦 = 0 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠

𝑏

3−𝑦 𝑀𝑥𝑧 = 𝑌𝑐𝑑𝑣

𝑎
𝑦 𝑦2 = 𝑥 4 4 4
2
𝑑𝑥 𝑦 2𝜋 2
4
= 2𝜋 𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑥 = 𝑦 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝜋 𝑥𝑑𝑥
2 2 𝑥2
1 1 1

4 4
16 𝑥
=𝜋 𝑥 4 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 16𝜋 𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥4
1 1

4 4 4
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 −2 −8𝜋
= 16𝜋 = 16𝜋 =
𝑥3 −2 1
𝑥2 1
𝑀𝑥𝑧 1
𝑀𝑥𝑧 = 𝑌𝑐 𝑑𝑉 ; 𝑦=
𝑉 15𝜋
=
2
𝑥 𝑦 𝑏
0 0
𝑉=𝜋 𝑙 2 𝑑𝑥
9 3
𝑎
9 9
𝑉 = 2𝜋 𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑥 = 2𝜋 𝑥 3 − 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 4 4 4
2
0 0
4 16 𝑑𝑥
=𝜋 𝑑𝑥 = 𝜋 𝑑𝑥 = 16𝜋
𝑥2 𝑥4 𝑥2
1 1 1
9
3+𝑦
𝑀𝑥𝑧 = 𝑌𝑐 𝑑𝑉 = 2𝜋 𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 4 4
0 2 𝑥 −3 16𝜋 4
−4
𝑀𝑥𝑧 = 381.70 = 16𝜋 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 16𝜋 = −
−3 1
3𝑥 3 1
1

𝑀𝑥𝑧 381.70 21𝜋

𝑦= = 𝑉=
𝑉 152.68 4
𝑦 = 2.5 15𝜋
𝑀𝑥𝑧
𝑦= = 2
21𝜋
𝑉
𝟎, 𝟐. 𝟓, 𝟎 4

10
= 0, , 0
7

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 94

EXERCISE 13.5 CENTROID OF A SOLID OF REVOLUTION

𝟕. 𝑥 2 = 4𝑦 , 𝑦 2 = 4𝑥 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠

x y x y
0 0 0 0
1 ¼ 1/4 1
2 1 1 2
4 4 4 4

4 2
2 𝑥2
=𝜋 4𝑥 − 𝑑𝑥
4
0

4
𝑥4
=𝜋 4𝑥 − 𝑑𝑥
16
0

96𝜋
=
5
4 𝑥2
4𝑥 + 𝑥2
4
𝑀𝑥𝑧 = 2𝜋 𝑥 4𝑥 − 𝑑𝑥
2 4
0

128𝜋
=
3
128 𝜋
𝑀𝑥𝑧
𝑉
=𝑦= 3
96𝜋
5

𝟐𝟎
𝒚 = 𝟎, ,𝟎
𝟗

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 95

EXERCISE 13.5 CENTROID OF A SOLID OF REVOLUTION

𝟏𝟏. 𝑦 2 = 4𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑥 = 0

X Y X Y
0 0 1 1
1/4 1 2 2
1 2 3 3
4 4 4 4

𝑉 = 2𝜋 𝑋( 4𝑋 − 𝑋)𝑑𝑥
0

𝑉 = 26.80829731 𝑐𝑢. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

𝑀𝑥𝑧 = 2𝜋 𝑦𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥

4
4𝑥 + 𝑥
𝑀𝑥𝑧 = 2𝜋 ( )𝑥 4𝑥 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2
0

𝑀𝑥𝑧 = 64𝜋/3
𝑀𝑥𝑧
𝑦= 𝑉
= 2.5

y=(0, 2.5, 0)

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 96

 EXERCISE 13.6 MOMENT OF INERTIA OF A PLANE AREA

1. 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 6 , 𝑥 = 0 , 𝑦 = 0 ; 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 5. 𝑥 = 2 𝑦 , 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 4

dy y (4,4)
x 4-y

dx

𝑥 𝑦
0 6
3 0
𝑥 𝑦
6 2 6 2 6−𝑦
𝐼𝑥 = 0
𝑦 𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑦 𝑑𝑦 0 0
2
6 4 4
1
= 6𝑦 2 − 𝑦 3 𝑑𝑦 4
2 0
𝐼𝑦 = 𝑟 2 𝑑𝐴
1 𝑦4 0
= 2𝑦 3 −
2 4
4
4
1 3
6 = 𝑥 2 4 − 𝑦 𝑑𝑥
= 2 6 − 0
2 4
= 𝟓𝟒 4 2 𝑥2
= 0
𝑥 4−2 𝑑𝑥

𝟓𝟏𝟐
3 𝑰𝒚 =
3. 𝑦 = 𝑥 , 𝑥 = 8 , 𝑦 = 0 ; 𝑤𝑖𝑡𝑕 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑦 = 𝟏𝟓
0

dy
x

2 2 2 2 3
𝐼𝑥 = 0
𝑦 𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑦 (𝑦 )𝑑𝑦
2 6 6
5
𝑦 2
= 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = =
0 6 6

𝟑𝟐
𝑰𝒙 =
𝟑

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 97

EXERCISE 13.6 MOMENT OF INERTIA OF A PLANE AREA

7. 𝑦 2 = 8𝑥 , 𝑦 = 2𝑥 9. 𝑦 = 4𝑥 2 , 𝑦 = 4𝑥 ; 𝑤𝑖𝑡𝑕 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠

𝑦 = 4𝑥 2

𝑦 = 4𝑥
(1,4)
X1
X2
dy
y dx
(0,0)

𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦
0 0 0 0
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦 1 4 1 4
0 0 0 0
1 2 2 1 2
2 4 2 4 𝑏
𝐼𝑦 = 𝑥 2 (𝑦𝑢 − 𝑦𝑙 ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑎

4 1 2
𝐼𝑦 = 𝑥 (4𝑥 − 4𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
𝐼𝑥 = 𝑦 2 (𝑥𝑟 − 𝑥𝑙 ) 𝑑𝑦 0
0
1
4
𝑦 𝑦 2 Iy =
5
𝐼𝑥 = 𝑦 2 ( − ) 𝑑𝑦
0 2 8

4 𝑦3 𝑦4
𝐼𝑥 = (
0 2
− 8
) 𝑑𝑦

𝟑𝟐
𝑰𝒙 =
𝟓

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 98

EXERCISE 13.6 MOMENT OF INERTIA OF A PLANE AREA

11. 𝑦 2 = 8𝑥 , 𝑥 = 0 , 𝑦 = 4 , with respect to 𝑦 = 4 13. 𝑦 = 𝑥 , 𝑦 = 2𝑥 , 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 6, 𝑤𝑖𝑡𝑕 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑥 = 0

𝑥+𝑦 = 6

(6 − 𝑥 − 2𝑥)
6 − 3𝑥
=
𝑦 = 2𝑥

4
2
𝑦2
𝐼𝑥 = 4−𝑦 𝑑𝑦
0 8 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦
0 0 0 0 0 0
4 1 5
1 1 1 1 2
= 16𝑦 2 − 8𝑦 3 + 𝑦 4 𝑑𝑦 2 2 2 4 2 4
8 0

4 𝒃
1 16𝑦3 𝑦5
= − 2𝑦 4 + 𝑰𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 𝒀𝒖 − 𝒀𝒍 𝒅𝒙
8 3 5 0 𝒂

𝟔𝟒 𝒃 𝟐 𝒙
= 𝑰𝒚 = 𝒂
𝒙 𝟔−𝒙 − 𝟐
𝒅𝒙
𝟏𝟓
𝟏𝟗
𝑰𝒚 =
𝟐

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 99

EXERCISE 13.7 MOMENT OF INERTIA OF A SOLID OF REVOLUTION

1. 𝑦 = 2 𝑥 , 𝑦 = 0 , 𝑥 = 4 ;about 𝑥 = 0 3. 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑎𝑦 = 𝑎𝑏 , 𝑥 = 0 , 𝑦 = 0 ;about the y-

axis

4
𝑎
𝐼𝑦 = 2𝜋 𝑥 3 2 𝑥 − 0 𝑑𝑥 𝑎𝑏 − 𝑏𝑥
0 𝐼𝑦 = 2𝜋 𝑥3 − 0 𝑑𝑥
0 𝑎
4
7 𝑎
= 4𝜋 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 2𝑏𝜋
0
= 𝑥 3 𝑎 − 𝑥 4 𝑑𝑥
𝑎 0
9 4
2𝑥 𝑎 𝑎
2 2𝑏𝜋
= 4𝜋 = 𝑎 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥 4 𝑑𝑥
9 𝑎 0 0
0
𝑎 𝑎
9 9 4 2𝑏𝜋 𝑥4 𝑥5
2 4 2 2 0 2 = 𝑎 −
= 4𝜋 − 𝑎 4 5
9 9 0 09
0
2𝑏𝜋 𝑎5 𝑎5
= 4𝜋
1024 = −
9 𝑎 4 5

𝟒𝟎𝟗𝟔𝝅 2𝑏𝜋 𝑎5
= = 𝑎 20
𝟗
𝒂𝟒 𝒃𝝅
=
𝟏𝟎

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 100

EXERCISE 13.7 MOMENT OF INERTIA OF A SOLID OF REVOLUTION

5. 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 6 , 𝑥 = 0 , 𝑦 = 0 ; about the x- 9. 𝑥𝑦 = 4 , 𝑦 = 𝑥 , 𝑦 = 1 ; about𝑦 = 0

axis

3 4
𝜋 6 − 2𝑥
𝐼𝑥 = − 0 𝑑𝑥
2 0 3
2
4
𝜋 3 16𝑥 4 −192𝑥 3 +864𝑥 2 −1728𝑥+1296 𝐼𝑥 = 2𝜋 𝑦3 − 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
= 𝑑𝑥 1 𝑦
2 0 81
2
𝟐𝟒𝝅
= = 2𝜋 4𝑦 2 − 𝑦 4 𝑑𝑦
𝟓 1

2 2
𝑦3 𝑦5
= 2𝜋 4 −
7. 𝑦 2 = 3𝑥 , 𝑦 = 𝑥 ; about𝑥 = 0 3 1
5 1

28 31
= 2𝜋 −
3 5

𝟗𝟒𝝅
=
𝟏𝟓

3
𝐼𝑦 = 2𝜋 𝑥 3 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
0

3
7
= 2𝜋 𝑥 2 3 − 𝑥 4 𝑑𝑥
0

3 3
7
= 2𝜋 3 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥 4 𝑑𝑥
0 0

243
= 2𝜋 54 − 5

𝟓𝟒𝝅
=
𝟓

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 101

EXERCISE 13.7 MOMENT OF INERTIA OF A SOLID OF REVOLUTION

11. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 , 𝑦 = 2𝑥 ;about the y-axis 13. 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 , 𝑥 = 1 , 𝑦 = 0 ; about 𝑥 = −1

2
𝐼𝑦 = 2𝜋 𝑥 3 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
0

2 1
= 2𝜋 2𝑥 4 − 𝑥 5 𝑑𝑥 𝐼𝑦 = 2𝜋 𝑥+1 3
𝑥 3 − 0 𝑑𝑥
0 0

2 2 1
= 2𝜋 2 𝑥 4 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥 5 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝜋 𝑥 6 + 3𝑥 5 + 3𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥
0 0 0

2 2 1
𝑥5 𝑥6 = 2𝜋
𝑥7
+
𝑥6
+
3𝑥 5
+
𝑥4
= 2𝜋 2 − 7 2 5 4 0
5 0
6 0
𝟐𝟎𝟗𝝅
= 2𝜋
64
−
32 =
5 3 𝟕𝟎

𝟔𝟒𝝅
=
𝟏𝟓

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 102

EXERCISE 13.7 MOMENT OF INERTIA OF A SOLID OF REVOLUTION

15. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 , 𝑥 = 1 , 𝑦 = 0 ; about 𝑥 = 2

1
3
𝐼𝑦 = 2𝜋 2−𝑥 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
0

1
= 4𝜋 8𝑥 − 12𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 3 − 𝑥 4
0

1
3𝑥 4 𝑥5
= 4𝜋 4𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 3 + 2
− 5 0

𝟐𝟔𝝅
=
𝟓

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy 103