BeteSeb Academy Ayertena Branch

Subject: English Quarter: I

Grade: 11 week: 2
Instructor: Mr. Endalkachew Adugna Date:October, 2013
Lesson 5
Unit 1
The African Union Page: 14-15

Objective: By the end of this lesson you will be able to:

o Identify different structure of subordinate conjunction and use
them in sentences.

Clauses of concession words

Clauses of concession (Discussing advantages and disadvantages)
Look at the following examples carefully and try to identify their differences in their
structure.
 Although technology is aiding us to be more efficient and effective, it is also
making us lazier & weaker in a way.
 Despite its benefits in our advancement, technology is significantly causing
damage to our environment.
 Globalization has brought the world into one village; on the other hand, it has
harmed some countries, especially the developing ones.
Although the structures used in these sentences show contrast or opposite ideas,
there are certain differences in their formation. Study the following forms and
compare them to the given examples.
 Despite/in spite of + noun/noun phrase/gerund
E.g. In spite of his laziness, he passed the examination.
Despite all the odds against him, he became successful in the end.
Despite having all necessary qualifications, they didn’t offer met a job.
 Although/ though/ even though/ despite the fact that/ in spite of the fact that
are the same meaning and followed by clause (Subject +verb).
E.g. Although he was lazy, he passed the examination.
Despite the fact that the country is growing fast, its people are suffering the
effects of inflation.

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ENGLISH GRADE 11
We went to church even though it was raining.
In spite of the fact that he worked hard, he didn’t manage to pass the exam.
 However, nevertheless and but are put before the clause that contain more
important ideas and although/though/even though etc. are placed before a
clause that contain less important ideas.
E.g. The rain clouds had begun to darken. However, we refused to
postpone the picnic.
We refused to postpone the picnic although the rain clouds had begun to
darken.
The rain clouds had begun to darken, but we refused to postpone the picnic.
He talks foolishly; however, his friends are always eager to listen.
 Never use however at the beginning of the sentences unless it is followed by
adverb or adjective.
E.g. However weak this student is, he will pass the test.
However quickly she walks, she won’t reach school on time.

Exercise
Join the following pair of sentences by using the conjunctions given in the
bracket.
1. We lived in the same village. We never know each other.(Despite)
______________________________________________________
2. It was very cold out. We decided to go for a walk.(Although)
_______________________________________________________
3. Early we arrive. Nathan is always there first.(However)
_______________________________________________________
4. It was getting late. We decide to stay and talk a little longer.( In spite of the
fact that)
__________________________________________________________
5. He is brave. No one likes him.(However)
__________________________________________________________
6. I was tired. I played volley ball with my friends.(In spite of)
___________________________________________________________

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ENGLISH GRADE 11