Types of Sentence

Structures
Prepared by: Miss C. Haughton
Objectives
 By the end of this lesson, students be
able to:
 Define a clause
 Differentiate between a phrase and a
clause
 Differentiate between a dependent
clause and an independent clause
 Describe the various types of sentences:
simple, compound, complex
 Construct different types of sentences
 Phrase
 A phrase is a group of related words that does not have a
subject and a verb combination. It is also used as a single
part of speech. A phrase has no meaning if used alone.

 For example: in the morning ( prepositional phrase)

 is sleeping (verb phrase)
 Note: This phrase tells us when something will happen, but
there isn't a subject and there isn't a verb

 Here's how to fix it: He will visit the beach in the morning.
 Phrases are very important in English
because they provide necessary
information.

 The children are playing in the sand.

 This is a good sentence, but the

phrase in the sand provides important
information about where the children are
playing.
Use the phrases below

 around the corner –

 very tired -
 Is sleeping-
 in the band -
 under the big tent
 on the hill –
 much quicker –
 a beautiful home-
 down the street -
 after many hours -
 through the storm
Clause
 A clause has a subject and a verb, but it
may or may not be a sentence.

 Example: Because he likes the house

 He likes the house.
 This clause has a subject (he) and a verb
(likes) but it lacks the main part of the
sentence.
Types of Clauses

 There are two basic types of clauses:

 1. Independent Clauses

 2. Dependent Clauses
 Independent Clause
 An Independent Clause has a subject
and a verb and it can stand on its own,
serving as a complete sentence.
 Dependent

A dependent Clause has a subject and a verb but it cannot

stand on its own. It needs an independent clause added to
it to make it complete.

Before I went to school, I ate some breakfast.

(dependent clause) (independent clause)
Dependent clauses often begin with words such as: before,
after, while, during, when, because, if, etc. These are
known as subordinating conjunctions.
 Types of
Sentences
Simple Sentence
A simple sentence has a subject and
verb. It expresses a complete
thought. It has one clause which is an
independent clause.
For example:
She went to the store. (subject =
she / verb = went)
 Simple Sentences
A simple sentence consists of one
independent clause with a single subject and a predicate.
Examples
1. Mary ate the mango from the tree.
2. He is sleeping.
Some simple sentences may have more than one
subject or predicate.
3. Mary and Lisa ate the mango from the tree.
4. He is sleeping and dreaming.
5. Tommy and Uriah are telling stories and racing to the
rock.
Examples of Simple
Sentences

 The bridge fell down.

 He eats rice with chopsticks.
 The vacuum cleaner is working.
 While cleaning the room, she found a
penny.
 Jack and Jill want to visit the zoo.
 Jane cleaned her room and washed the
dishes.
 Compound sentences
A compound sentence is made by joining two
independent clauses together with a  coordinating
conjunction or semicolon.
Examples:
1. Kemar bought new shoes, and he wore them to a
party.
2. Amelia liked her new house, but she didn't like the
front yard.
3. We can go see a movie, or we can get something to
eat.
Compound Sentences
Notice that in each example, there is a
subject and a verb in each independent
clause.
Compound sentences
Compound sentences are formed with these
coordinating conjunctions: and, but, for, or,
nor, yet, so, or a semicolon (;).
 Examples of Compound sentences
 1.  The two women washed the dishes, and the man
dried them.
 2. He doesn't like to get his teeth cleaned, but he
knows that it's necessary.
 3. The customers were not buying the apples, so he
decided to have a sale.
 4. Sue made the cookies; Jack decorated them.
 Examples of Compound
sentences
 Remember to place a comma after the first independent
clause and before the coordinating conjunction.
 Example:
 The school participated in Beach Clean-up Day, but I
could not attend.

 Now, try writing a couple compound sentences of your own.

 Exercise 1
Join sentences with the most suitable coordinating
conjunction.
1. Grace played the piano, and Mary sang a song.
2. The fried chicken was delicious, so it sold out within
an hour.
3. I have a pencil, and you have a pen.
4. I have a pencil, but you have a pen.
5. Kemar cannot sing, but can he dance?
6. Kemar cannot sing, nor can he dance.

Completed by 1-2
7. My uncle walked, but my father drove his car.
8. My uncle walked, so my father drove his car.
9. Stephan kicked the ball hard, yet he didn’t score.
10. Stephan Kicked the ball, but he did not score.
11. We can’t play football, for Uriah lost the ball.
12.It rained heavily. So the roads were flooded.
13. There is a hurricane threat, so we must be
prepared.
14. I had no electricity, and it affected my internet.

Completed by 1-2
Join sentences with the most suitable coordinating
conjunction.
1. Grace played the piano, and Mary sang a song.
2. The fried chicken was delicious, so It sold out within an hour.
3. I have a pencil , and/but you have a pen.
4. Kemar cannot sing, but can he dance?/ Kemar cannot sing, nor can he
dance.
5. My uncle walked, and my father drove his car.
6. Stephan kicked the ball hard, but He didn’t score.
7. We can’t play football, for Uriah lost the ball.
8. It rained heavily, so the roads were flooded.
9. There is a hurricane threat so, we must be prepared.
10. I had no electricity, and it affected my internet

Completed by 1-8
Complex Sentences
A complex sentence consists of one independent clause and
one or more dependent clauses. The clauses in a complex
sentence are joined with subordinating conjunctions. The
Dependent clause in a complex sentence can appear at the
beginning or middle of a sentence.

as, as if, before, after, because, though, even

though, while, when, whenever, if, during, as soon
as, as long as, since, until, unless,
where, and wherever,
Or a relative pronoun such as : that, who, which
These words are called subordinating conjunctions.
Example of a Complex
Sentence
Because the bridge wasn't properly maintained by the government, it fell
down.
(Independent clause) It fell down
(Dependent clause) Because the bridge wasn't properly maintained by
the government
 The bridge fell down because it was not properly maintained by the
government.
 (Independent clause) The bridge fell down
 (Dependent clause) because it was not properly maintained by the
government.
 Examples of a Complex Sentence

1. He will be able to maintain a healthy

weight if he keeps exercising.
2. As the world is getting warmer, polar
bears are in danger of becoming extinct.
3. Whenever they eat at this restaurant,
they order a hamburger and fries.
4. Now he wants to eat cake for dessert
although he ate a really big dinner.

What do you
notice about the
comma in a
Subordinating Conjunctions

after because so that whatever

although before that when
as if though whenever
as if In order till where
that
as long as provided unless wherever
as though since until while
 Create your own complex
sentence!
Because
1. my coffee was cold, I heated it up.
While we were working, we heard thunder and lightning.
2.
I have sleep deprivation because I stayed up all night to see
3.
the results of the election.
The teacher started the class before all the students
4.
arrived.
The cat ran out of the way because the truck was coming
5.
with full force.

done by 1-2

Completed by 1-2
Create your own complex
sentence!
After she won the race, she ran to her mother because she was her
biggest supporter.
Because the class was noisy, they had to stay inside for lunch.
She contracted Covid 19 because she did not adhere to the social
distancing protocols.
Even though it was overcast, Charlotte went on her morning jog.
Although my friend invited me to the party, I do not want to go.
Even if I didn’t have that coupon, my total would have still been high.
When on a plane, keep your seatbelt on at all times.
She will be fired if she doesn’t impress the boss.

Completed by 1-8
 Class Exercise
 Label the Sentences below as Simple,
Compound or Complex:
1. Crystal and Toni Ann left in a hurry and forgot
their tickets. simple
2. ( You)Close the door when you leave. complex
3. When the goalie was injured, the substitute
showed great talent. complex
4. Electrical Installation and Auto Mechanics are
both offered at the community college. simple
5. Have you finished, or may I help you?
compound
Class Exercise (cont’d)
6. Since Jamaica is well known for the best coffee, we
decided to have a try. complex
7. Because of the extended drought, the residents had
to make arrangements to store water for domestic use.
complex
8. Give us the tools, and we will finish the job.
compound
9. Anna and I waited in line for over two hours. simple
10. We rode on the Knutsford Express, and we saw the
view of the beautiful coastline. compound
 Challenge Exercise !
 Now join these sentences using two conjunctions:
1. The boy shook his head. He said the water would be cold. It
was too hot.
2. Newton was busy. He told his assistant to leave the file on the
desk. She could not locate it.
3. There was a fire in the kitchen. Charles had left a towel near
the stove . He has to put it out with an extinguisher.
4. Sam had written a novel. Not many copies were sold. Sam was
living in poverty.

Completed by 1-2
Reference

 Learn American English Online

 https://
www.learnamericanenglishonline.com/Orange%20
Level/O1%20Simple%20Sentences.html
The End