8 Civil Engineering Irrigation Engineering MADE ERSY

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Corners remain unirrigated
Under high wind condition and high temperature, application efficiency becomes poor
High saline water at higher temperature causes leaf burning
1.7.8 Drip Irrigation Method (Trickle Irrigation)
It is the latest method of irrigation
In this method, water andfertilizer are slowly and directly applied to the root zone of the plant in
order to minimize the evaporation and seepage losses

Specially designed emitters and drippers are usedfor this purpose

This method is best suited for row crops and orchards (eg. tomatoes, grapes, corn, cauliflowers,
cabbageetc.)
1.7.8.1 Advantages of drip irrigation

Water requirement is minimal

Evaporation losses are close to negligible
Highest rate of vegetative growth is achieved in this method.
Soil surface is least wetted and hence occurrence of diseases due to dampness decreases
No land levelling is required
No soil erosion takes place
Less labour is required

1.7.8.2 Disadvantages of drip irrigation

Plastic pipes or drippers may get attacked by the rodents
Does not offer frost protection
Needs regular flushing and supervision
High skill is requiredin the design, installation, operation and maintenance

Porous pipe
Plicaons
Multi-outlet
distributors
Sublateral
Submain
loop
Nutrient tank
Gate valve
FIte r
Check valve Emitters
Lateral
with bypass Gate valve
Pressure
From pump or
control valve
pressure supply
Main line
Pressure regulator

Fig.1.8 Line sketch ofa typical drip irrigation system

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NOTE: Moisture availability for crops in ditferent irrigation methods.

Field
capacity NNNNNNNNNNNNNN Drip
method

Sprinkler
- method

Surface
method

Wilting
point

Days

Fig.1.9 Moisture availability for crops indifferentirrigationmethods

1.8 Irrigation Project Survey

Before taking up an irrigation
project,we should investigatethefollowing
)Availability of irrigation water
(i) Selection of probable site for weir/barrage
(Gii) Discharge observation for the river (daily discharge, maximum discharge and minimum discharge
of the river throughoutthe year)
(iv) Marking of grosscommanded area and cultivablearea
(v) Marking of alignment of main canal.
(vi) Preliminary location survey
(Vii) Final survey
(a) Final location of barrage or dam site () Route Survey
(C) Longitudinal levelling (d) Cross sectional levelling
(e) Data for cross drainage work PLuSoll'survey
(g)Wellobservation
(vii) Preparation of drawings
(ix) Office works
() Justification of the selection of Final Alignment
H e m a u u l P rades
(xi) Final location survey W s t b i a

1.9 Important Irrigation ProjectsinIndia Jharkand)

arq
1.
Nangal Project Suh 1 Rvrt)2
Bhakra DamodarValleyProject(.g iragax,BiLax
kivu) 4.
3. Farraka Barrage Project Canga Gandak Project NmtK
5. Godawari Barrage Project mahaauda) 6. Hirakud Project WB JhanLo
7. MahanadiDelta Project tgeq of Buy8 a. Mayurakshi Project Cmer e ivA,
9 Kosi Project (N ano 10. Tungabhadra Project Launatakay A-P )
9ndca
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