EE-300 Electrical Machines for Mechanical Engineering

Lecture-03
Text Book
“Electric Machinery Fundamentals”
By
Stephen J. Chapman
Impedance Transformation
(to simplify the circuit for calculations)
 THE IDEAL TRANSFORMER (cont…..

Impedance Transformation (to simplify the circuit for calculations)

Ip Is= IL
Load Impedance:

Vp Vs ZL
Primary Impedance:

and

Eliminated Magnetic
VP
Coupling – Simple Circuit
Example-1 For the iron core transformer of Fig: Find the input impedance of
the transformer (OR transform the 2kΩ to the primary side)

Is= 100mA
Ip

VP=1 Vs=200 R=
600V
R/ R
V 2kΩ

Ip

VP=1 R/ =
600V
R/
128kΩ
Example-2
Rsource=5 Rsource=51
Isource Ispeaker
12Ω 2Ω

V=1
/ R(speaker)=
V=1 R(speaker) R
20V 8Ω
20V =8 Ω Source
Isource
8 :1
Source

Rsource=5 Isource
12Ω
V=1 R/ = 512 Ω
20V

Source
Example 3
A 100-kVA, 2400/240-V, 60-Hz step-down transformer (ideal) is used between
a transmission line and a distribution system.
(i) Determine turns ratio. (a=?)

Turns ratio, a = 2400 / 240 = 10

(ii) What secondary load impedance ( ZL? ) will

cause the transformer to be fully loaded (rated
load). Is=
?
24 Z L=
Is= 100,000/240 = 416.67 A 100kVA
0V ?
∴ ZL= Vs/Is = 240/416.7 = 0.576 ohm
(iii) what is the corresponding primary current (IP)?

Ip = Is /a = 416.67 / 10 = 41.67 A

(iv) Find the load impedance referred to the primary.

Load impedance Z’L referred to the primary: = a2 0.576 = 57.6 ohm

 Assignment -1: Due next class – Make sure to write your
name and Reg-ID.

In Example 2
(a) Transform Primary side (source) impedance to the
secondary side.
(b)Transform the source to the secondary side.
(c) Find the secondary side (Ispeaker) current.
(d) Find the source current
(e) Why transformers rating (capacity) are given in VA (KVA)
 Line
Losses?

Vload?
 V =480/0o

-37.8o

Iline =90.8/-37.8o
 V =480/0o

-0.9o

Vload =454/-0.9o
Do We consider
Load Losses???
Solution (b)
Solution (b)
Solution (b)
Solution (b)
Solution (b)
Solution (b)
 Without With
Transformer Transformer
Transmission 1484 Watts 16.4 Watts
Line Losses
Load Voltage 454/-0.9o V 479.7/-0.01o V

Load Current 90.8/-37.8o A

95.94/-36.88o I
 Real Single Phase Transformer

• The characteristics of a real Transformer approximate

the characteristics of an ideal transformer only to a
certain degree.

• Flux passing through each turn of a coil is slightly

different from the flux in the other turns, depending on
the position of the turn within a coil.

• Some of the Flux lines leave the iron core and pass
through the air are responsible for leakage flux.