EXP (2)

Operation amplifier application

Introduction:
(1) OP-AMP as impedance converter:
Signal sources have an internal resistance, the effect of which is to
cause the output voltage to vary when the load varies.
Impedance converters reduce this resistance so that it becomes
possible to apply a load to them without appreciably lowering the
voltage.
(2) OP-AMP as comparator:
The high gain characteristics permit the OP-AMP to be used as
comparator. In the case of an open-circuit amplifier there is only a
signal (transition form one saturation state to other) when the two
inputs are at almost same potential.
(3) OP-AMP as summing:
An inverting summing amplifier is a multiple input inverting op amp
circuit. The circuit output voltage is proportional to the algebraic sum of
the input. Circuit output voltage is proportional to the sum of each input
voltage multiplied by the ratio of RF to the respective input resistor RX.
This configuration can be used for summing, scaling, and averaging.
 EXP (2)

In a none-inverting summing amplifier, the (-) terminal acts as the op-amp

summing junction. The (+) terminal acts as the summing point (VA) of the
individual circuit inputs.

In this circuit, the gain equals: 1 + (R4/R3) and cannot be equal or less than
(1).output voltage equals to VA x [1 + (R4/R3)]. If R1 equals R2, VA equals
(V1+V2)/2. Therefore, the circuit applies the gain factor [1 + (R4/R3)] to the
average of the input voltages.
Vo = (V1+V2)/2 x [1 + (R4/R3)]

Procedure:
(1) OP-AMP as impedance converter:
1. Connect circuit of figure (1).
2. Measure Vo as a function of RL, for RL varies (0.05kΩ 20kΩ).
3. Connect circuit of figure (2).
4. Repeat step (2).

(2) OP-AMP as a comparator:

1. Connect circuit of figure (3).
2. Vary Vref from (-2.25v) to (1.65v) as in the following:
Vref = ( -2.25v, -0.6v, 0v, 0.6v, 1.65v).

For each value of Vref , Draw the input and output waveforms.
 EXP (2)

Vo
1k

VS
Fig.(1)

-
1k 741 Vo
+
VS
Fig.(2)

+15V

10k

10k
-
741 Vo
Vref
10k +
10k
VS
4VP-P V
10k
Fig.(3)

-15V
 EXP (2)

(3) OP-AMP as summing:

1- Connect the circuit shown
below.
2- Short the inputs 1 and 2,
connect it to a positive supply,
and increase the input in steps
of (1 V).
3- Repeat the above step with a
negative supply.
4- Show that a 1V change in V1 produce a 0.1V change in VO. This
change is consistent with the gain ratio.
5- Show that a 1V change in V2 produce a 1V change in VO. This
change is consistent with the gain ratio.
6- Connect the circuit shown below.

 
7- Calculate and measure VO for various inputs, ( , , ).
 

8- Determine the circuit voltage gain.

9- Check that the output is in phase with the input.
 EXP (2)

Report:

1- From step (2) and step (4) in section (1) plot Vo versus RL.
2- Explain circuit for two other applications of the op-amp.
3- Discuss the results obtained.
4- In what mode the inverting summer work at the first circuit? How
you can get the other modes?
5- Draw the output of the comparator in the two cases.
6- Specify the work of the operation amplifier as integrator and
differentiator circuit?