CERN, Geneva

13 March 2018
Timepix in Space

Timepix in Deep Space Exploration

Nuclear Electric Propulsion (NEP) to
Near Earth Space Environment, EUROPA & MARS1
Frank Jansen, Gerhard Grunwald, Tim Brandt et al., DLR Bremen, Oberpfaffenhofen, Braunschweig Germany
Frederic Masson and Stephane Oriol, CNES Paris, France
Jean-Claude Worms and Emmanouil Detsis, ESF Strasbourg, France
Francois Lassoudiere ASL Vernon, France
Richard Granjon Sagem Défense Sécurité, Valence, France
Maria Christina Tosi and Simona Ferraris TAS-I Torino, Italy
Anatoly S. Koroteev, Alexander Semenkin and Alexander Solodukhin KeRC Moscow, Russia
Tim Tinsley, James Ap. Findlay and Zara Hodgson NNL Sellafield, UK
Lamartine Nogueira Frutuoso Guimarães IEAv São José dos Campos, Brazil

Supported by NASA Glenn Research Center Cleveland

Supported by JAXA / ISAS Tokyo

1 email further details: frank.jansen@dlr.de

 CERN, Geneva
13 March 2018
Timepix in Space

1) NEP physics (Maxwell, Ziolkowski equations)

2) Historical / current EP status (Australia, Europe, Japan, USA, Russia)

3) EP technologies (characteristic, PPU (Power Processing Units))

4) In Europe and Russia

- 2009/2011 Russian NPPS (Nuclear Power and Propulsion System),
TPM (Transport and Power Module) milestones 2018 and 2022/2023
- 2011- 2013 DiPoP – European low power roadmap
- 2013 - 2014 MEGAHIT – European & Russian high power roadmap
- 2015 - 2017 DEMOCRITOS concepts for ground, core and space
INPPS (International Nuclear Power and Propulsion System)
flagship demonstrators => Europe, Russia, Brazil,
NASA, JAXA , India?, Australia?
5) Worldwide, programmatic strategy
a) 2022/23 (Near Earth Space Environment / Asteroids)
b) 2028/2030 (EUROPE)
c) 2030th (MARS)
 CERN, Geneva
13 March 2018
Timepix in Space

1) NEP physics (Maxwell, Ziolkowski equations)

2) Historical / current EP status (Australia, Europe, Japan, USA, Russia)

3) EP technologies (characteristic, PPU (Power Processing Units))

4) In Europe and Russia

- 2009/2011 Russian NPPS (Nuclear Power and Propulsion System),
TPM (Transport and Power Module) milestones 2018 and 2022/2023
- 2011- 2013 DiPoP – European low power roadmap
- 2013 - 2014 MEGAHIT – European & Russian high power roadmap
- 2015 - 2017 DEMOCRITOS concepts for ground, core and space
INPPS (International Nuclear Power and Propulsion System)
flagship demonstrators => Europe, Russia, Brazil,
NASA, JAXA , India?, Australia?
5) Worldwide, programmatic strategy
a) 2022/23 (Near Earth Space Environment / Asteroids)
b) 2028/2030 (EUROPE)
c) 2030th (MARS)
 CERN, Geneva
13 March 2018
Timepix in Space

1) NEP physics
Maxwell equations => Particle-In-Cell (PIC Code) HEMP thruster

mass, impuls, balance => relativistic rocket equation, EP beam vk << c

=> Ziolkowski equation => EP vk 50000…80000 km/s (1000 x chemical vk)

specific impulse Isp =vk/g

3000…9000 s
EP force mN…< 1N
 CERN, Geneva
13 March 2018
Timepix in Space

2) Historical / current EP status (Australia, Europe, Japan, USA, Russia)

Important:
CNES: High - type - Hall, Ion, RIT
power electric - thrust fuel – Xe, Ar, Kr…water
propulsion for - long time test - thermal vacuum chambers
exploration missions (MEGAHIT).
- different EPs
- cluster of EPs
- PPUs for EPs
 CERN, Geneva
13 March 2018
Timepix in Space

2) Historical / current EP status (Australia, Europe, Japan, USA, Russia)

KeRC / ROSCOSMOS: NASA Glenn:
TPM with reactor two SLS launches
NEP vehicle to
and gas
deliver six crew
to/from Deimos &
400 day Mars stay.

turbine converter. NASA GRC:

GRC / Los Alamos: NEP + subma-
NASA JPL:
Stirling based rine for Saturn
3 kWe NEP system. moon Titan at
KeRC / ROSCOSMOS TPM: Northern Sea,
TPM towards asteroid Kraken Mare.
JUPITER
JIMO. NASA GRC NEP
CNES: High
to Centaur / Cha-
power electric
ron: breakpoint
propulsion for
between radio-
collision avoidance. exploration missions (MEGAHIT). isotope & fission
powered systems.
 CERN, Geneva
13 March 2018
Timepix in Space

2) Historical / current EP status (Australia, Europe, Japan, USA, Russia)

KeRC / ROSCOSMOS: NASA Glenn:
TPM with reactor two SLS launches
NEP vehicle to
and gas
deliver six crew
to/from Deimos &
400 day Mars stay.

turbine converter. NASA GRC:

GRC / Los Alamos: NEP + subma-
NASA JPL:
Stirling based rine for Saturn
3 kWe NEP system. moon Titan at
KeRC / ROSCOSMOS TPM: Northern Sea,
TPM towards asteroid Kraken Mare.
JUPITER
JIMO. NASA GRC NEP
CNES: High
to Centaur / Cha-
power electric
ron: breakpoint
propulsion for
between radio-
collision avoidance. exploration missions (MEGAHIT). isotope & fission
powered systems.
 CERN, Geneva
13 March 2018
Timepix in Space

3) EP technologies (characteristic, PPU (Power Processing Units)):

MEGAHIT S/C subsystems

CNES: High
power electric
propulsion for
exploration missions (MEGAHIT).
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13 March 2018
Timepix in Space

3) EP technologies plus INPPS ground demonstrator : KeRC Moscow

CNES: High
power electric
propulsion for
exploration missions (MEGAHIT).
 CERN, Geneva
13 March 2018
Timepix in Space

3) EP technologies plus INPPS ground demonstrator : KeRC Moscow …

CNES: High
power electric
propulsion for
exploration missions (MEGAHIT).
 CERN, Geneva
13 March 2018
Timepix in Space

3) EP technologies (characteristic, PPU (Power Processing Units)):

exploration mission targets…

NASA JPL JUPITER JIMO. MEGAHIT

MARS,
EARTH MOON,
JUPITER Moon EUROPA? ASTEROID
MARS?

2. MARS 0. Near Earth Space European Russian Brazil

Environment / DEMOCRITOS
Asteroids (SSA) INPPS CE Study

CNES: High 0. NEAR EARTH SPACE

power electric ENVIRONMENT /
propulsion for ASTEROIDS (SSA)
exploration missions (MEGAHIT). 1. EUROPA
1. Europe to EUROPA
2. MARS
 CERN, Geneva
13 March 2018
Timepix in Space 4) In Europe and Russia
2015 - 2017 D EMOCRITOS concepts for
ground, core and space INPPS flagship demonstrators
EUROPE GOES TO EUROPA and BEYOND

1) 2022/2023 Near Earth space

environment INPPS flagship
EC Horizon 2020 IOD/IOV (down
scaled WideWing version)
 CERN, Geneva
13 March 2018
Timepix in Space
4) In Europe and Russia
2015 - 2017 D EMOCRITOS concepts for
ground, core and space INPPS flagship demonstrators
EUROPE GOES TO EUROPA and BEYOND

1) 2022/2023 Near Earth space

environment INPPS flagship
EC Horizon 2020 IOD/IOV (down
scaled WideWing version)

2) 2028/2030 EUROPA-INPPS
(see WideWing version),
more water than on Earth
 CERN, Geneva
13 March 2018
Timepix in Space 4) In Europe and Russia
2015 - 2017 D EMOCRITOS concepts for
ground, core and space INPPS flagship demonstrators
EUROPE GOES TO EUROPA and BEYOND

1) 2022/2023 Near Earth space

environment INPPS flagship
EC Horizon 2020 IOD/IOV (down
scaled WideWing version)

2) 2028/2030 EUROPA-INPPS
(see WideWing version),
more water than on Earth

3) 2030th MARS-INPPS
(see ArrowWing version),
MOON tug
 CERN, Geneva
13 March 2018
4) In Europe and Russia
Timepix in Space
DEMOCRITOS concepts INPPS flagship subsystem
architecture and robotic assembly development logic
Space structures assembly
nowadays: handling large structures in space, remote free-flying robots (with thrusters and
manipulators), simple observation robots for sensing, worker robots (below left), EVA: extra
vehicular robotics (EVR), EVR controlled from the ground, offloading the EVA astronaut and even
the robotic operator on-orbit
DLR: iBOSS modular satellites (with autonomous maintenance, servicing using robotic systems,
standardized building blocks (below right), interfaces for mechanical docking, transfer of power,
data and heat between the single building blocks!)
 CERN, Geneva
13 March 2018
Timepix in Space
4) In Europe and Russia

DEMOCRITOS concepts INPPS flagship subsystem

architecture and robotic assembly development logic
- robotics assembly well-known, proven technology in industrial fields + ISS experiences =>
sufficient for robotics assembly strategy for INPPS flagship

- INPPS assembly / servicing platform: has to provide sufficient space for storing components and
semi-finished sub-components, faulty parts, rendezvous and docking interfaces for automated
cargo lifting-body spaceplanes, power supply for the assembly robot systems, sensors, robot
tools, test and verification facilities plus high bandwidth communication infrastructure to ground
stations, separate AOCS …

- Pros to the platform are the high flexibility for the assembling: greater independence on the
sequence of component’s deliveries (INPPS requires many spaceflights…production or
transportation delay, different partners / space agencies / different launcher => assembly of the
just available components is possible, faulty components are put aside for repair or exchange by
new components, meanwhile the assembly of other components can go on, only one AOCS
system is needed for all moving systems on the platform.
 CERN, Geneva
13 March 2018
Timepix in Space 4) In Europe and Russia
DEMOCRITOS concepts INPPS flagship subsystem
architecture and robotic assembly development logic
- platform: equipped with at least three dexterous robot arms 4m length each, two 7-DOF
robot arms the majority, second robot arm is for holding and assistive tasks to the first one,
third arm in analogy to the third Hand all assembly tasks can be performed, all robot arms
will have an identical interface => his allows attaching the three arms to one crane like
robot system of 12m length
- final detailed design of the INPPS: a space tug may also be equipped with one of the three
robot arms (also be needed for inspection tasks)
- platform can also be used for testing and verification of assembled sub-components under
space conditions (reduction of terrestrial simulation efforts)
- Additional Cons: design an assembly factory, produce it, transfer it to space and operate
it (this infrastructure can also be used for other deep space missions and servicing
missions in LEO /GEO
- assembly order: from back to front and non-nuclear subsystems first and finally
reactor (non-critical, switch on at high Earth orbit (about 800…1200 km)
 CERN, Geneva
13 March 2018
Timepix in Space4) In Europe and Russia
DEMOCRITOS concepts INPPS flagship subsystem
architecture and robotic assembly development logic:
DLR Telescopic Grid Structure

- TGS: standardized interfaces (heat, fluid,

power, data) are defined to match the
standardized iBoss system
- excellent strength/stiffness properties,
lightweight to continuous shell cylinders
- telescopic mast with several nesting grid
cylinders => large and lightweight
primary structures
- components attachable at both ends,
increasing the cylinder length
- deployment the longitudinal struts usable
as guide rails for the enclosed cylinder
=> minimizing the need for additional
DLR Telescopic Grid Structure (TGS) in deployed (left: 3 m components for deployment control
diameter, 27 m length) and stowed (right: 3 m diameter, 4.5 m - free volume inside the stowed telescopic
length) configuration structure => storage of other subsystems
=> increases the total packaging
efficiency
 CERN, Geneva
13 March 2018
Timepix in Space
4) In Europe and Russia

DEMOCRITOS concepts INPPS flagship subsystem

architecture and robotic assembly development logic

DLR iBoss for

2 truss deploy. canisters
24 tanks,
1 payload,
1 power man./ distrib.
15/16 HiPEPI/
Hall thrusters / PPU
1 avionics

DLR Telescopic Grid Structure in deployed (left: 3 m diameter, 27 m

length) and stowed (right: 3 m diameter, 4.5 m length) configuration
 CERN, Geneva
13 March 2018
4) In Europe and Russia
Timepix in Space

DEMOCRITOS INPPS Flagship

EUROPA-INPPS (WideWingVersion)
INPPS deployable structures: boom with support cantilever and deployment unit

EUROPE GOES TO EUROPA and BEYOND

DLR iBoss for

2 truss deploy. canisters
24 tanks,
1 payload,
1 power man./ distrib.
16 HiPEP / PPU
1 avionics

Already to NESE-NEO EC Horizon 2020

‚ROLET‘ (2018 proposal) & EUROPA: important for human flight
preparation - Czechia / Prague / CERN / ESA
SATRAM Timepix hybrid active radiation detector
(~50… 100).
 CERN, Geneva
13 March 2018
4) In Europe and Russia
Timepix in Space

DEMOCRITOS INPPS Flagship

EUROPA-INPPS
(WideWingVersion)
 CERN, Geneva
4) In Europe and Russia
13 March 2018
Timepix in Space
DEMOCRITOS INPPS Flagship
EUROPA-INPPS (WideWingVersion)
EUROPE GOES TO EUROPA and BEYOND

EUROPE GOES TO EUROPA and BEYOND: about 110 t and 50 m

Elon Musk - Falcon Heavy rocket transports

SpaceX crew-carrying spacecraft all the way to
JUPITER and EUROPA.
 CERN, Geneva
13 March 2018
4) In Europe and Russia
Timepix in Space

DEMOCRITOS INPPS Flagship

MARS-INPPS (ArrowWingVersion) / MOON Tug

EUROPE GOES TO EUROPA and BEYOND

DLR iBoss for

2 truss deploy. canisters
24 tanks,
1 payload,
1 power man./ distrib.
15 Hall thrusters / PPU
1 avionics
 CERN, Geneva
4) In Europe and Russia
13 March 2018
Timepix in Space

DEMOCRITOS INPPS Flagship

MARS-INPPS (ArrowWingVersion) / MOON Tug
 CERN, Geneva
4) In Europe and Russia
13 March 2018
Timepix in Space
DEMOCRITOS INPPS Flagship
MARS-INPPS (ArrowWingVersion) / MOON Tug
EUROPE GOES TO EUROPA and BEYOND

EUROPE GOES TO EUROPA and BEYOND – MARS / PHOBOS:

about 100 t and 70 m
 CERN, Geneva
13 March 2018 EUROPE GOES TO EUROPA and BEYOND
Timepix in Space

DEMOCRITOS interview with Prof. Andrew Aldrin (Colorado Spring 2016)

Sourc:e: NASA
 CERN, Geneva
13 March 2018 EUROPE GOES TO EUROPA and BEYOND
Timepix in Space

Sourc:e: NASA

European Union embassy Moscow, 7 April 2017