Applying Newton’s

Laws

PowerPoint® Lectures for

University Physics, Twelfth Edition
– Hugh D. Young and Roger A. Freedman

Lectures by James Pazun

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley
 Reminder

• First Law
Objects at rest tend to stay at rest, objects in motion
stay in motion (Equilibrium)

• Second Law
An unbalanced force (or sum of forces) will cause a
mass to accelerate

• Third Law
For every action there is an equal reaction

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 Goals

• To use and apply Newton’s First Law

• To use and apply Newton’s Second Law
• To study friction and static coefficients
• To consider forces in circular motion

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 Introduction

• It’s not hard to state Newton’s laws well; how

should we apply them to everyday situations?
• We can start with balanced forces, stationary
bodies (statics).
• Next, we’ll study forced acting on moving bodies
(dynamics).
• Considering the role of forces in circular motion.

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 Using Newton’s First Law Strategy

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 1D Equilibrium: Massless Rope
• Consider an athlete (50 kg) hanging
on a massless rope.
– Draw a skitch of the situation
(magnitude and direction)
– What is the athlete weight?
– What is the tension of the rope?

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 1D Equilibrium: Rope with Mass
• Find the tension at each end if the weight of the rope = 120N.

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 2D Equilibrium: Inclined Plane
• An object on an inclined plane will have components of force in x and y space.
• Discuss the tension in the cable and the force exerted by the ramp on the car
• Neglect the friction force between the ramp and tires.

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 2D Equilibrium: Bodies Connected by Cable and Pulley
• Discuss w1 and w2 to keep the system moving with a constant speed (or constant).
• Ignore the friction of wheels and pulley and the weight of the cable.

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 Using Newton’s Second Law
• Iceboat and ridder at rest (200 kg). After 4 s is moving with 6 m/s. Discuss the
horizontal force exerted by winds on the boat

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 Straight Line Motion With Friction
• Consider kind of horizontal friction on the iceboat, f = 100 N.
• What is the required exerted force by the wind to get a constant acceleration
= 15 m/s2

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 Tension in an Elevator Cable
• The elevator mass is 800 kg.
• Moving down at 10 m/s and
• Slows a stop with constant acceleration in 25 m distance.
• Discuss the tension of the cable while the elevator is brought to rest

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 More Adventures in the Elevator
• 50 kg woman on a scale in the elevator.
• Discuss the reading of the scale

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 Acceleration Down a Hill
• Toboggan with total weight w, slides with a constant angle.
• Friction is ignored
• Discuss the acceleration

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Multiple Items Motion With Constant Acceleration:
• Push a 1 kg food tray with constant force = 9 N.
• The tray pushes 0.5 kg milk cartoon

• Friction is ignored.

• Discuss the acceleration and force tray exerts on carton

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Two Bodies with the same magnitude of Acceleration
• A glider connected over a pulley to a falling mass.
• Discuss the acceleration and the Tension

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 Kinetic and Static Frictional Force:
• Kinetic friction force: the force
act when a body slide over a
surface.
• Static friction force: the friction
force that keep an object at rest
• Static friction force is maximum
when the object is forced to move

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 Coefficients of friction

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 Applied force is proportional until the object moves

• Notice the transition between static and kinetic friction.

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 Friction in Horizontal Motion

• Moving a 500 N crate. 230 N is needed to start the movement.

Another 200 N is applied to keep it moving with constant
velocity
• What are the coefficients of static and kinetic friction?

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 The angle at which tension is applied matters
• Suppose moving the crate by pulling at 30 degrees above the
horizontal with constant velocity.
• Discuss the tension force (friction coefficient = 0.4).

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 Dynamics of Uniform Circular Motion
• In uniform circular motion,
both the acceleration and
force are centripetal.
• If the inward force stops
acting, the particle flies off
in a straight line tangent to
the circle.

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