Lecture 7

Digitizing
Model of the course
Using and
making maps
Navigating Map
GIS maps design

Interactive Map
Working with maps layouts Analyzing
spatial data Spatial data
Map
Animations Proximity
Spatial data analysis
infrastructure
Spatial Raster Data
analysis analysis mining
Geoprocessing File
geodatabases
3D GIS Network
analysis
Digitizing Geocoding
Spatial
regression
 Outline
 Digitizing overview

 GIS features

 Digitizing features in ArcMap

 Advanced digitizing tools

 Transforms and spatial adjustments

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 Lecture 7

DIGITIZING OVERVIEW

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 Why digitize?
 New maps

 Map features are wrong

 Missing features

 Other?

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Heads down digitizing
 Digitizing tablets
 Used to digitize hard copy maps into GIS
 Transform wire intersections into
coordinates of the tablet’s coordinate
system
 Steps for heads down digitizing
 Tape map to the
digitizing tablet
 Register control Control
points on the map points Puck

 Estimate two Tape

conversion equations
(one for vertical and
one for horizontal
coordinates)
 Digitize vectors
(points, lines, or Map
polygons)

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 Heads up digitizing
 Mouse on a screen
 Digitizes paper maps, aerial photos, or other images

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 Lecture 7

GIS FEATURES

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 Points
 Single features

 Nodes
 Line endpoints

 Vertex points
 Controls shapes of lines
and polygons

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 Creating points
 Heads up digitizing
 Single point features
 Sketch tool and snapping features

 Points added as XY event files (chapter 4)

 Points added using geocoding functions
(chapter 8)
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 Lines
 Starting and ending points with shape vertex
points as needed

Vertex points

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 Line attributes
 Shape
 From and To attributes
 Node
 Address (street centerlines)
 Lat/long

 Length

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 Polygons
 Three or more lines joined to form a closed
area
 Single polygons or multipart features
 Hawaiian islands can be multiple polygons as
one feature

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 Polygon attributes
 Shape
 Area
 Perimeter
 Length

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 Constructions tools
Points Lines Polygons

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 Lecture 7

DIGITIZING FEATURES IN
ARCMAP

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 Create new feature class
 In Catalog
 Navigate to desired location
 Create new feature class or shapefile

 Add spatial reference information

 Add new fields (optional)

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 Digitize new features
 In ArcMap
 Create base map
 Add feature class
 Start editing
 Digitize feature
 Stop editing and save

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 Create base map
 Vector features or raster images
 Add features

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 Start editing
 Start editing

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 Begin digitizing

pick points

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 Stop editing
 Editor toolbar, Stop editing
 Save edits

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 Edit attribute data
 Start editing, populate fields in table (create
fields if necessary)

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 Lecture 7

ADVANCED DIGITIZING
TOOLS

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 Specify angle and length
 Lines and polygons
 Straight segment tool

 Type length and angle

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 Snapping tools
 Snapping toolbar

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 Trace tool
 Good for complicated shapes
 Editor toolbar,Trace tool

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 Generalize tool
 Creates features for use at small scales with
less detail while preserving basic shapes
 US Census cartographic boundary files
Census TIGER water features Modified rivers
Generalized/Small scale Smoothed/Large scale

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 Smooth tool
 Smoothes sharp angles in polygon outlines
to improve aesthetic or cartographic quality
Smooth before Smooth after

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 Cut polygons
 Creates two polygons from one original
 Cut polygon tool
Polygon before Polygon after

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 Move and rotate
 Adjusts features

Polygon before Polygon after

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 Lecture 7

TRANSFORMS AND SPATIAL

ADJUSTMENTS

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 Transforms
 Converts data
 From one coordinate system to another.
 From digitizer or scanner units to real world coordinates.
 Shifts data
 Within a coordinate system, (for example, feet to meters).

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 Rubbersheeting
 Geometric distortions commonly occur in
source maps
 May be introduced by imperfect registration in map
compilation
 Lack of geodetic control in source data
 Variety of other causes
 Corrects flaws through the geometric
adjustment of coordinates

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 Edgematching
 Aligns features along the edge of one layer
to features of an adjoining layer
 Layer with the less accurate features is adjusted,
while the adjoining layer is used as the control.
 Attribute transfer is typically used to copy
attributes from a less accurate layer to a more
accurate one.

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 Spatial adjustment example
 CAD drawings (buildings)
 Generally do not have geographic coordinates

Hamburg Hall
CAD drawing
Hamburg Hall
Ortho photo

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 Spatial adjustment example
 Spatially match drawing to map using
displacement links

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 Summary
 Digitizing overview

 GIS features

 Digitizing features in ArcMap

 Advanced digitizing tools

 Transforms and spatial adjustments

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