INTERNSHIP REPORT ON

NATIONAL BANK OF PAKISTAN

MAIN BRANCH MANSEHRA (0364)

Submitted by
Azizullah Yousaf

Roll# F-15/B-19

Supervised by
Ikram-Ul-Haq

Government College of Management

Sciences Mansehra
SESSION

2015-2019
i
 INTERNSHIP REPORT ON

NATIONAL BANK OF PAKISTAN

MAIN BRANCH MANSEHRA (0364)

Submitted by
Azizullah Yousaf

Roll# F-15/B-19

Supervised by
Ikram-Ul-Haq
This internship report is submitted in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of Bachelors of Business
Administration awarded by the Hazara University

Government College of Management

Sciences Mansehra
SESSION
2015-2019
ii
 Government College of Management Sciences
Mansehra

APPROVAL SHEET

Approval Committee

1. External Examiner

Mr. Signature______________________

2. Supervisor
Ikram-Ul-Haq Signature______________________

3. Head of department

Prof. Signature_____________________
Designation Principal GCMS Mansehra

iii
 DEDICATION

I dedicate this report to my beloved parents because of their support and their
encouragement. They have supported me throughout my life

iv
 ABSTRACT

The methodology for data collection that was available resources by the organization, like
website, annual reports, books, articles publicly available data, etc. also, interviews with
some employees and observation methods were used. In the first chapter introduction to the
report, background of study, scope of the study, merits, limitation, and scheme of the study
are given. The report covers the history of NBP bank, introduction of NBP, its background,
role and functions, its core values, and miscellaneous topics related to Finance department of
NBP Bank

Ultimately whole argument comes down to this: the bank is functioning in a proper &
systematic manner, but need more competitive strategies, long term debts, & outside
creditors, creditors should provide the funds to meet the SBP policies to have the maximum
branches.

In this report, I also included the financial analysis that helps to know that where the NBP is
strong and where it needs improvements. NBP offers new products and services day by day
for improving its performance, but there are many hurdles in the way of success of NBP, all
the recommendations are given in the report and there solutions as well as that can be helpful
in the success of NBP in future.

v
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1........................................................................................................................................1
Introduction of Study......................................................................................................................1
1.1 Background of Study................................................................................................................1
1.2 Objectives of study...................................................................................................................2
1.3 Scope of Study..........................................................................................................................2
1.4 Limitations of the work.............................................................................................................3
1.5 Benefits of the Study................................................................................................................3
1.6 Research methodology..............................................................................................................3
1.6.1 The major sources for Primary data includes.................................................................4
1.6.2 The major sources for Secondary data includes.............................................................4
Chapter 2........................................................................................................................................5
Introduction to organization (NBP)................................................................................................5
2.1 They aim to be an organization that is founded on…................................................................5
2.1.3 Evaluation of Banking / Industry in Pakistan.................................................................6
2.2 Historical Introduction to the organization (National Bank of Pakistan).................................8
2.2.1 History of NBP..............................................................................................................8
2.2.2 Credit Rating................................................................................................................10
2.2.3 Present status...............................................................................................................10
2.3 Organizational structure of NBP.............................................................................................12
2.3.1 Board of Directors.......................................................................................................13
2.4 Senior Management................................................................................................................14
2.4.1 Senior Management for Overseas Operation...............................................................16
2.5 Vision and Mission Statements...............................................................................................16
2.5.1 Mission........................................................................................................................16
2.6 Objectives of National Bank of Pakistan................................................................................16
2.7 Core Values.............................................................................................................................17
2.7.1 Shall work to................................................................................................................17
2.7.2 We aim to be people who….........................................................................................17
2.7.3 We have confidence that tomorrow we will be….........................................................17
2.8 Internal Structure of Bank Branch..........................................................................................18
2.8.1 location........................................................................................................................19
2.9 Product and services...............................................................................................................19
2.9.1 Deposit Department.............................................................................................................19

vi
 2.9.1.1 Account opening.......................................................................................................20
2.9.1.2 Procedure of Account Opening.............................................................................20
2.9.1.3 Documents Required.................................................................................................20
2.9.1.4 Issuance of Cheque Book......................................................................................21
2.9.1.5 Cheque Cancellation.............................................................................................21
2.9.2 TYPES of Accounts.............................................................................................................21
2.9.2.1 Current Account........................................................................................................21
2.9.2.2 Profit & Loss Sharing Saving Account.....................................................................21
2.9.3 Problems in personal account.............................................................................................26
2.9.3.1 Lunacy of customers.................................................................................................26
2.9.3.2 Death of customer.....................................................................................................26
2.9.4 Advances department...................................................................................................26
2.9.5 Types of financing........................................................................................................26
2.9.5.1 Long term finance;....................................................................................................26
2.9.5.2 Short term finance.....................................................................................................27
2.9.5.2.1 Gold finance...........................................................................................................27
2.9.5.2.2 Running finance.....................................................................................................28
2.9.5.2.3 Long term finance..................................................................................................28
2.9.5.2.4 Advance salary.......................................................................................................28
2.9.6 Western union......................................................................................................................28
2.9.7 Clearing department.............................................................................................................29
2.9.7.1 Clearing house..........................................................................................................29
2.9.7.2 NIFT (National institutional facilitation technology)................................................29
2.9.8 Foreign exchange department..............................................................................................30
2.9.9 Types of Cheque..................................................................................................................30
2.9.9.1 Bearer Cheque..........................................................................................................30
2.9.9.2 Order cheque.............................................................................................................30
2.9.9.3 Crossed Cheque........................................................................................................30
2.9.9.4 Payment of Cheque...................................................................................................31
2.9.10 Remittance department......................................................................................................31
2.9.11 Demand draft (Dd)........................................................................................................31
2.9.11.1 Charges for Issuance of DD....................................................................................32
2.9.12 Telegraphic transfer (TT).................................................................................................32
2.9.13 computer department.........................................................................................................32
2.9.14 Establishment department..................................................................................................32
chapter 3 ......................................................................................................................................33
ANALYSIS of NBP......................................................................................................................33
vii
3.1 Financial Analysis...................................................................................................................33
3.1.1 Vertical analysis...........................................................................................................33
3.1.1.3 Horizontal Analysis of NBP`s Balance interpretation...............................................36
3.2 Horizontal Analysis of Income Statement...............................................................................39
Interpatition..................................................................................................................................39
3.3Vertical Analysis of Income Statement....................................................................................41
Interpatition..................................................................................................................................41
3.4 Ratio Analysis.........................................................................................................................42
3.4.1Current ratio..................................................................................................................42
3.4.2 Net Working Capital....................................................................................................43
3.4.3Debt to Equity Ratio.....................................................................................................45
3.4.4Debt Ratio.....................................................................................................................46
3.4.5 Equity Ratio.................................................................................................................47
3.4.6 Net Interest Margin:.....................................................................................................48
3.4.7 Earning Asset to total assets.........................................................................................49
3.4.8 Return on Earning Assets.............................................................................................50
3.4.10 Equity to Total Assets................................................................................................50
3.4.11 Non Performing Loan to Total Loan..........................................................................51
3.5 SWOT Analysis......................................................................................................................52
3.5.1 strengths...............................................................................................................................52
3.5.2 Weaknesses..........................................................................................................................53
3.5.3 Opportunities of NBP..........................................................................................................54
3.5.4 Threats.................................................................................................................................55
Chapter 4......................................................................................................................................56
Conclusion and recommendations................................................................................................56
4.1 Conclusion..............................................................................................................................56
4.2 Recommendations...................................................................................................................56
References....................................................................................................................................56

viii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

With the name of ALLAH the Most Beneficial and Merciful. Since the beginning of my
Internship program till the writing of this report, many people have helped me through the
ups and downs that I faced. It would be unfair to with if I didn’t name them. I cannot miss to
appreciate the Concern and help of Mr. Waqas Ahmad and Mr. Waqar Anwar whose constant
help made me able to write this report with the technical guidance. I’d also thank the staff of
the Mansehra Branch who helped me in each department, while I was working. They helped
me in all aspects of work.

Azizullah Yousaf

ix
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

BOD Board of Directors

D.D Demand Draft

EBIT Earning Before Income Tax

EPS Earning per share

EVP Executive vice president

I.T Information technology

L/C letter of credit

M/T Mail Transfer

MIS Management Information system

NBP National Bank of Pakistan

PLS Profit and loss saving

SBP State bank of Pakistan

SEVP Senior executive vice president

SVP Senior vice president

SWOT Strength Weaknesses Opportunities Threat

SS Specimen signature

VP Vice president

x
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This document is the internship report that states my experience and observation in the NBP ,
Mansehra branch. I have formally introduced the bank, stated its vision, mission and goals
and have highlighted the offered products and its main competitors. Afterwards, I discussed
the organizational structure by discussing the organizational hierarchy.

Next, I introduced the branch I was working in, I explained the workforce distribution in the
bank, Next I stated my duration of internship in the bank and the departments that I served.
Afterwards, I went through the training phase in which I was taught about the fundamental
processes involved in the working of the bank such as account opening, dispatching etc.

Next, I explained how banks are managed and planned in order to keep the flow of bank
normal. I also discussed the organization procedures that are followed by employees such as
managers, IT experts and then I explained the role of leaders and their role in controlling the
bank.

After that, I have performed the critical analysis of the bank in which I stated how poor the
filing system and jobs management system was. I also stated how the employee-customer
relation can be improved and the technology in use can be improved. Moreover, the low
profit and its affects are also discussed. Moreover, the issues regarding customer-privacy

Finally I stated the aspects of the bank where it shines, the places where it is in the shadows,
the potential opportunities that can enhance the bank’s working and finally the threats that
endanger the bank. And then I concluded the report with my comments.

xi
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION OF STUDY

This internship report is aimed at studying and analyzing NBP in general and its
branch office at Mansehra, in particular. The internship is followed by
comprehensive report writing, required to submit to Supervisor Government
College of Management Sciences Mansehra. This report is properly evaluated on
the basis of its description and analytical capabilities by internal and external
examiners. The main purpose of report writing is to differentiate between practical
and theoretical way of learning. During my internship period I felt that field work
is very easy than theoretical work. Another aspect of making this report is to
implement knowledge so far as one has acquired
Starting with the name of Allah, I am going to write my internship report as
part of the academic requirement for the completion of 4 years study in
BBA Hons. Therefore, we the students of Commerce are required to
undergo an internship program for the period of 8 weeks as an internee in
an organization. This internship helps me to gain the practical knowledge of
working environment of the banking sector of Pakistan.

1.1 Background of Study

The economic growth of any developing country depends on the health of
its monitory based institutions. In this context banking sectors play vital role in
development of economy. The industrial sector, trade and commerce of the
country are considered as the blood of banking sector. NBP was established under
the ordinance 1991.The vital objective of establishment of bank was the purchase
of jute from the growers in the East Pakistan and also perform the commercial
banking. NBP is also act like an agent and trustee of SBP where the SBP has no
branches. Therefore the bank perform dual responsibility, one has a commercial
bank in its own right and at the same time a trustee of business finance. The head
quarter of NBP is in Mansehra. NBP has 1504 branches all over the Pakistan. In
this report my focus in to cover all the features of NBP's activities.

1
NBP established in 1949, National bank of Pakistan has grown to become
the largest commercial bank in the country, maintaining its position as
Pakistan’s premier bank determined to set higher standards of
achievements. The bank came in to existence by the order promulgated by
governor general and started functioning from Nov 20, 1949. NBP is the
major business partner for the government of Pakistan with special
emphasis on developing Pakistan’s economic growth through aggressive
and balanced lending policies, technologically oriented products and
services offered through its large network of more than 1504 branches
locally, 21 branches internationally and 4 regional offices
Source: (Annual report NBP, 2018).

1.2 Objectives of study

As part of the academic requirement for completing BBA Hons students
are required to undergo eight Weeks of internship with an organization. The
internship is to serve the purpose of acquainting the students with the
practice of knowledge of the discipline of banking administration.
 To understand the various operations of the bank and work in
different departments.
 To analyses the financial and operational performance of NBP.
 To study the organizational management structure.
 To make possible recommendation in the light of analyses.
 To study the working environment of the organization.
 To apply the knowledge gained in practical field.

1.3 Scope of Study

The time duration of two months is insufficient for conducting complete
study and observation of a large bank. Being a student specializing in
finance, the focus of this study is on its financial aspects including the
financial health of the bank and its comparison with previous year’s
performance. Some of the problems faced by the bank have been identified

2
and some recommendations have been suggested to overcome these
problems and to improve the prevailing financial condition of the bank.

1.4 Limitations of the work

There are some limitations which internee had to face during the internship
program, which are described as under:
 The period of two months was too short to properly understand and
analyze all the operations of bank.
 Staff members avoided to give all information due to the matter of
secrecy. So it was very difficult to collect the relevant information and to
learn accordingly.
 Manager and other staff members have busy schedule due to this reason it
was a great problem for them to spend time with internee, so it is not easy
to learn or to gain knowledge from them.
 Some of the data was confidential and that was not made available to me.

1.5 Benefits of the Study

An internship grooms a person personally, academically and professionally.
At the end of internship, one gets a certificate, which acknowledges his
work for that specific company. This adds to his experience, an internship is
a great opportunity to improve interpersonal skills. Practical also provides
the opportunity to gain self-confidence. Moreover, it Figure out what one’s
strengths are and also a good time to identify one’s weakness so that he can
improve them.

1.6 Research methodology

National bank of Pakistan is one of the leading and establishes banks of the
country. It has a large setup of departments and a big organizational
structure. While working in a Main branch Mansehra of the bank, it is not
possible to thoroughly cover all the areas of the bank, as it requires more
time and two months are in no way sufficient to do so. Different tools and
techniques were used to gather relevant information for writing the report.

3
Secondly, journals from regional head quarter and staff college was also
reviewed which gave very useful information about the functioning of the
bank. I also visited the national bank of Pakistan’s official web site, which
gave very useful information about the services provided by the bank.

1.6.1 The major sources for Primary data includes

 Personal observation
Personal observations during the internship period
 Interviews of management
Short interviews of the bank’s management

1.6.2 The major sources for Secondary data includes

 Annual reports of Bank
Annual reports of the last three years
 Books
Relevant course books

4
 CHAPTER 2
INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATION (NBP)

The National Bank of Pakistan (NBP) is among the largest commercial

banks operating in Pakistan. It redefined its role and by moving from a
public sector organization into a modern commercial bank. NBP was
established in 1949 and since then, its network has expanded making it the
largest commercial Bank of the country. NBP headquarteris in Karachi,
Pakistan with over 1,250 branches country wide. The bank provides both
commercial and public sector banking services.i

The Bank's services are available to individuals, the corporate entities and
Government. While NBP continues to act as trustee of the public funds and
as anagent to the State Bank of Pakistan (in places where SBP does not
have a presence) it has diversified its business portfolio and is today a
major lead player in the debt equity market, corporate investment banking,
retail and consumer banking, agricultural financing, treasury services and is
showing growing interest in promoting and developing the country's small
and medium enterprises and at the same time fulfilling its social
responsibilities, as a corporate citizen.

Today, NBP is a progressive, efficient, and customer focused institution.

The bank has developed a wide range of consumer products in order to
enhance its business capabilities and cater to the different segments of the
modern society. Some schemes have been specifically designed for the low
to middle income sectors of the population. For NBP’s clear introduction I
will explain its History and also its Mission, Vision, Values and Goals.ii

2.1 They aim to be an organization that is founded on…

 Growth through creation of sustainable relationships with our
customers.

5
  Prudence to guide our business conduct.
 A national presence with a history of contribution to our
communities.
They shall work to…
 Meet expectations through Market-based solutions and products.
 Reward entrepreneurial efforts.
 Create value for all stakeholders.
2.1.3 Evaluation of Banking / Industry in Pakistan
At the time of independence in 1947, Pakistan’s commercial banking
facilities were almost jammed according to a plan in the whole sub
continent especially in the Muslim majority areas. Pakistan’s banking and
Industrial sectors were in very poor conditions. Banks largely depend for
their growth and development on industrial sector but at the time of
independence, Pakistan had patriotically on industry except a few textile
mills and only product food grains and agricultural raw materials, most of
the industries were situate in Hindu majority area now called India.
A number of banks closed their branches with the result that only 81
branches remain ed open on 30th June 1948 out of 487. The head offices
were in India and most of their employees were Hindu, and they fled to
India. Imperial Bank of India, Which was conducting government receipts
and payments, closed down most of its branches thus blocking the funds
needed by the government?
The country was in trouble and needed most of the general
commercial banking and credit facilities. This need was a little bit satisfied
with the transferring of the head offer of the HBL. To Karachi on 7 th,
August 1947. This bank playing a great role in the next year in the
economic development of Pakistan as the Habib Bank was also new in the
new country it was asked to open more branches at new place this was a
difficult time foe H.B.L to open their branches in different places.
In view of the above mentioned circumstances and in order to
rehabilitee the banking in Pakistan without further delay, on the
recommendations of an committee it was decided to establish as early as

6
possible a central bank to control the banning and currency in Pakistan.
Accordingly state bank of Pakistan was Pakistan was inaugurated by
Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah on 1st July 1948. This bank lost on
time in meeting the national requirements of banking, currency and took
following remedial measures. Requested Government of state a new bank
of nation wide services accordingly National Bank of Pakistan was formed
in 1949 which opened many branches and in 1952 took over the emperor
Bank of India. It will draw Indian Currency notes of Rs: 125 crore from
General Circulation and send these for recovery to reserve Bank of India.
National bank was establish in November 09, 1949 under NBP ,ordinance
1949, in order to handle the crises condition which was develop after
Deadlock with India and the devaluation of Indian Rupee in 1949. The
bank proved all type of banking services to the government in general
public. It works as agent of sent real bank because the SBP dose not has its
own branches.
The bank schedule commercial bank and its principally engaged in the
business of banking as defined in the banking company's ordinance 1962.
National Bank of Pakistan was basically established for reducing the
difficulties of east Pakistan farmers engaged in jute and patens” after mass
migration of community from east and west Pakistan in India. The bank
commenced its operation in November 20.1949 at six centers of jute in the
then East Pakistan. Lahore and Karachi officers were opened subsequently
in December 1949. Before restructuring in 2002, national Bank of Pakistan
with its head office at Karachi operates through 9 regional headquarters at
Lahore, Karachi Hyderabad, Quetta, Peshawar, Multan, Muzaferabad,
Fasilabad and Islamabad.
The bank was incorporated with authorized capital of 60 millions .in 960
this amount was redacted to the 30 millions banks issued 15 millions of
which 25% was subscribed by the government and the balance was offered
to the general public .shears to the public where issued in 1950 and where
quickly taken up. In 190 banks ordinance was amended so that it take
ordinarily commercial banking business. On janvery-01-1974 national bank

7
along with thirteen others commotional banks where nationalized under the
promulgation of “nationalization” act 1974 and the shears not held by the
government where required after compensation them.
2.2 Historical Introduction to the organization (National Bank
of Pakistan)
National Bank of Pakistan main tains its position as Pakistan's premier
bank, determined to set higher standards of achievements. It is the major
business partner for the Government of Pakistan with special emphasis on
fostering Pakistan's economic growth through aggressive and balanced
lending policies, technologically oriented products and services offered
through its nation wide branches.

2.2.1 History of NBP

National bank was establish in November 09, 1949 under NBP ,ordinance
1949, in order to handle the crises condition which was develop after
Deadlock with India and the devaluation of Indian Rupee in 1949. The
bank proved all type of banking services to the government in general
public. It works as agent of sent real bank because the SBP dose not has its
own branches.
The bank schedule commercial bank and its principally engaged in the
business of banking as defined in the banking company's ordinance 1962.
National Bank of Pakistan was basically established for reducing the
difficulties of east Pakistan farmers engaged in jute and patens” after mass
migration of community from east and west Pakistan in India. The bank
commenced its operation in November 20.1949 at six centers of jute in the
then East Pakistan. Lahore and Karachi officers were opened subsequently
in December 1949. Before restructuring in 2002, national Bank of Pakistan
with its head office at Karachi operates through 9 regional headquarters at
Lahore, Karachi Hyderabad, Quetta, Peshawar, Multan, Muzaferabad,
Fasilabad and Islamabad.
The bank was incorporated with authorized capital of 60 millions .in 960
this amount was redacted to the 30 millions banks issued 15 millions of

8
which 25% was subscribed by the government and the balance was offered
to the general public .shears to the public where issued in 1950 and where
quickly taken up. In 190 banks ordinance was amended so that it take
ordinarily commercial banking business. On janvery-01-1974 national bank
along with thirteen others commotional banks where nationalized under the
promulgation of “nationalization” act 1974 and the shears not held by the
government where required after compensation them.
The period 1990’s witnessed financial referees and the national bank also in
cooperated the change in its working and offered new services and products
to its clients .at present the bank is playing very important role in financing
the trade .commerce ,agricultural and important concerns and contributing
the best to word making the country prosperous. The improve its costumer
focus redacted decision making layers restructured its entire command and
control system in business and operational spheres zones and audit offices
in the year 2002 and eliminated the total numbers of regions in hands from
9 to 29 across the country .anew matrix structure has been introduced with
the objective to separate the office and the bank offices .to improve the
good governance and enhance the internal control.
 Operation group
 corporate and investment banking group
 special assets management group
 commercial and retail banking group

National Bank of Pakistan is known as the premier commercial institution

of Pakistan provide the large diversified customer base of 9.009 millions,
which is the biggest figure, in the country and conduct the business
function of state bank of Pakistan in addition to provision of other financial
and allied services such as deposit banking financing and credit remittance
facilities collection government receipts and payments. sale and purchase
of government securities, Bands and other certificates, Foreign exchange
business, Safe custody, Safe deposited services and safe deposit, Lockers,

9
Hajji facilities Utility bills, Investment advice and other services, Special
deposits products / Schemes, pak rupee travelers choose, New product.

2.2.2 Credit Rating

NBP enjoys the highest rating of ‘AAA’ in the industry assigned by M/s
JCR-VIS Credit Rating Company. The ratings assigned to NBP are
primarily driven by the bank’s role in the national economy as an agent of
the State Bank of Pakistan and as a bank to the Government of Pakistan.
Additionally, ratings also derive strength from the bank’s consistently high
capitalization levels, and nationwide access that has enabled it to secure a
cost effective and diversified deposit base.

2.2.3 Present status

National Bank of Pakistan has a network of more than 1400
domestic branch and 19,204 employees for subsidiaries, 23. Oversea
branches, 4 reparative offices, 1 joint venture and subsidiary (overseas) all
the world the local branches are controlled through 29 regional offices and
overseas are managed through 4 overseas regional offices. It is the largest
contributory agent of government requirement. NBP provide wide range of
services and including collection of taxes and deliveries of salaries, person
to public sector employees. It has lowest rate on exports and other
borrowings.
National bank of Pakistan, overseas operation comprises 18
overseas branches, 5 representative offices, one international subsidiary
bank of NBP in Amatory and one joint venture with the United Kingdom.
NBP with its commitment to invest in development of the bank’s I.T
infrastructure have now developed on line branches with modern by highly
professional bankers. NBP has launched an ambitious business
reprocessing programmed to make the bank more attractive with the
eventual aim of privatization. The largest bank in the country with a
customer base 9.00 billion in poised for take off.
Source: www.nbp.gov.pk/about

10
11
2.3 Organizational structure of NBP

President and chairman

President Secretariat

Board of Director

Corporate and investment banking Group

Commercial and retail Banking Group

Operations Group

Audit & inspection group

Compliance group

Financial control division

Employees benefit, Disbursements and trustee

Special assist Management group

Organization development and training group

Overseas coordination and management group

Information technology group

Risk management group

Human resources
Treasurymanagement
managementand Admin Group
group

Source: Annual Report 2018

12
2.3.1 Board of Directors
Table 1 Board of directors

Mr. Muneer Kamal

Chairman

Mr. Syed Ahmed Iqbal Ashraf

President

Mr. Farrakh Qayyum

Director

Mr. Tariq Kirmani

Director

Mr. Iftikhar A. Allawala

Director

Mr. Muhammad Naeem

Director

Mr. Mir Balakh Sher Marri

Director

Mr. A. Akbar Sharifzada

Director

Mr. Syed Muhammad Ali Zamin

EVP, Secretary Board of Directors & Secretary Credit Committees

2.4 Senior Management

13
Syed Ahmed Iqbal Ashraf
President, NBP

Nausherwan Adil
SEVP & Group Chief Operations Group/Corporate Communication
Division

Mudassir H. Khan
SEVP & Group Chief, Commercial & Retail Banking Group

Nusrat Vohra
SEVP & Group Chief, Treasury Management Group

Tariq Jamali
SEVP & Group Chief, Logistics Support, Security & Engineering
Group

Kausar Iqbal Malik

SEVP & Group Chief, Compliance Group

Masood Karim Shaikh

SEVP & Group Chief, Overseas Banking Group/Global Home
Remittance Management Group

Asif Hassan
SEVP & Group Chief, Audit & Inspection Group

Wajahat A. Baqai
SEVP & Group Chief, Credit Management Group

Aamir Sattar 
SEVP & CFO, Financial Control Division

Sultana Naheed
SEVP & Group Chief, Risk Management Group

Zahid Mahmood Chaudhry

SEVP & Group Chief, Human Resources Management &
Administration Group

14
Akbar Hasan Khan
EVP & Head, Corporate & Investment Banking Group

Sahibzada Rafat Raoof Ali Khan

EVP & Head, Assets Recovery Group

Khawaja Muhammad Aminul Azam

EVP & Head, Islamic Banking Group

Ovais Asad Khan

EVP - Divisional Head, Strategic Marketing Division

Mahmood Siddique 
EVP, Divisional Head & CIO, IT Division

Shaharyar Qaiserani 
EVP & Divisional Head, Agriculture & Business Development
Division

S.M. Ali Zamin

EVP, Secretary Board of Directors & Secretary Credit Committees

Mufti Ehsan Waquar Ahmad

Shariah Advisor

Mirza Babur Baig

EVP & Principal Staff Officer(PSO) to the President
Riffat Sultana Mughal
SVP - Head, Legal Division

15
2.4.1 Senior Management for Overseas Operation
Zubair Ahmed 
SEVP & Regional Chief Executive, Middle East, Africa & South
Asia Region
M. Rafiq Bengali 
SEVP & Regional Chief Executive, Americas Region
Khawar Saeed 

EVP & Regional Chief Executive, Cationentral Asian Republics

Region
Muhammad Hanif Khan 
SVP & Coordinator, Afghan Operations

Source: www.nbp.gov.pk/BOD

2.5 Vision and Mission Statements

To be recognized as a leader and a brand synonymous with trust, highest
standards of service quality, international best practices and social
responsibility.

2.5.1 Mission
NBP will aspire to the values that make NBP truly the Nation's Bank by:
 Institutionalizing a merit and performance culture.
 Creating a distinctive brand identity by providing the highest standards
of services.
 Adopting the best international management practices.
 Maximizing stake holder’s value.

2.6 Objectives of National Bank of Pakistan

 Prime objectives of National Bank of Pakistan are tainting
distinguishing brand identity, attaining quality financial

16
 performance, achieving acknowledgment in the market in terms of
quality and performance.
 National Bank of Pakistan also aims at providing assistance to
farmers, so that they can utilize their funds effectively to get the
best result.
 By charging interest on loans provided to the private sector and
business community.

2.7 Core Values

We aim to be an organization that is founded on
 Growth through creation of sustainable relationships with our
customers.
 Prudence to guide our business conduct.
 A national presence with a history of contribution to our
communities.

2.7.1 Shall work to

 Meet expectations through Market-based solutions and products.
 Reward entrepreneurial efforts.

2.7.2 We aim to be people who…

 Care about relationships.
 Lead through the strength of our commitment and willingness to
excel.

2.7.3 We have confidence that tomorrow we will be…

 Leaders in our industry.
 An organization taining the trust of stakeholders.
 An innovative, creative and dynamic institution responding to the
changing needs of the internal and external environment

17
2.8 Internal Structure of Bank Branch
CHART

RRMC RBC ROC RCC

Cad. Manager Operating

Complain
Officer Manager Officer

Deposit Sector Remittance

Govt. Section Accountant

Foreign Exchange Credit Deptt:

Source: www.nbp.go.pk/about
Chief Cashier

18
2.8.1 location
The Location of the Bank Branch is Mansehra City.

2.8.2 Overview
The building of NBP Main branch Mansehra gives a pleasant look as it is
a well furnished and decorated by fresh flowers both inside and outside the
bank. There is separate parking place for staff members and also for general
public which is helpful in reducing traffic on road unlike other banks.
Inside the bank there is a hall and on one side is the manager’s office. In the
hall there is separate seating facility for males and females customers. In
the hall all the officers of different departments has their tables. The seating
arrangement of all officers is same despite their designation. Only cash
department and government section is separated. The facility of generator is
also provided to the branch.

2.8.3 Number of Employees

In NBP Main branch Mansehra the employees are very experienced. They
are very loyal and committed to their jobs. They are also very much
cooperative with their colleges if anyone of them face any problem in his
work they never hesitate to help him. Number of Employees currently
working there is 35

2.9 Product and services

Dividing an organization into different parts according to the functions is

called departmentalization. NBP can be divided into the following main
departments.

2.9.1 Deposit Department

It controls the following activities:
 A/C opening.
 Issuance of cheque book.

19
  Current a/c
 Saving a/c
 Cheque cancellation

2.9.1.1 Account opening

An account is relationship between account holder and Banker. OR
Account is an agreement between customer and banker. Preliminary
investigation is necessary because of the following reasons.
 Avoid frauds.
 Negligence.
 Inquiries about clients.

2.9.1.2 Procedure of Account Opening

Accounts are opened after approval of manager. Customer has to fill in
prescribed application form properly particularly complete details of next
of kin. Customer has to sign terms and conditions of account opening.
Accounts are opened with cash. In case of issuance of check book at the
time of opening of an account Manager has to give justification that
customer is personally known to him. Details of account are entered into
computer system. Included non-deduction of zakat and services charges
who’s applicable.

2.9.1.3 Documents Required

 Copy of CNIC.
 Copy of driving license in case CNIC is without photograph.
 Applicant photograph and CNIC copy attested by gazetted officer in
case of CNIC without photograph.
 Copy of service card/evidence of employment in case of salaried
person.
 Photograph in case of illiterate person.
 Zakat exemption declaration/certificate.

20
2.9.1.4 Issuance of Cheque Book
Requisition slips to verify that cheque books have been issued to the
account holder. Cheque book are issued after receipt of acknowledgement
of letter of thanks or with the remarks of managers or operation managers
giving justification for issuance of cheque book before receiving of
acknowledgment of letter of thanks. Cheque book series are recorded in
register. Charges for issuance of cheque books are recorded.

2.9.1.5 Cheque Cancellation

 This department can cancel a cheque on the basis of;
 Post dated cheque
 Stale cheque
 Warn out cheque
 Wrong sign etc

2.9.2 TYPES of Accounts

2.9.2.1 Current Account
It is also known as running account because it is always in
operations.Current accounts are opened on proper introduction and
submission of required documents along with an initial deposit prescribed
from time to time. The money can be deposited and withdrawal at any time
during the banking hours by the customers. Therefore the banks do not pay
interests on current deposits. The bank is authorized to deduct services
charges on current account levied through its half yearly schedule of
charges, in case the average balance falls below the minimum balance as
prescribed by the bank. Minimum balance required to open this account is
Rs 5000/-

2.9.2.2 Profit & Loss Sharing Saving Account

PLS saving accounts are opened on proper introduction and submission of
required documents along with an initial deposit prescribed from time to

21
time. PLS saving accounts are opened for individual (single/joint)
charitable institution, autonomous corporation, companies, associations,
educational institutions, firms etc. Interest is paid on six-monthly basis. The
amount withdrawn before 6months is deleted from assessment of profit.

2.9.2.3 Profit & Loss Sharing Term Account

Fixed accounts or term deposits are those deposits which are repayable
after certain period of time which may vary from 3months to 5years. In this
account no cheque book is issued to the customers. At the time of opening
account TDR is issued showing the amount of money deposited, period and
rate of interest payable. The rate of interest on fixed deposits is greater than
saving accounts which also varies with the length of period and amount
deposited. The longer the period of deposit, higher will be the rate of
interest. The shorter the period of deposit, lower will be the rate of interest.
PLS term deposit account can be opened by all who are allowed to open
current, PLS saving accounts.

2.9.2.4 Rates on term Deposit

3months 3.75%
6months 3.75%
1year 3.85%
2year 4.35%
3year 4.65%
4year 4.95%
5year 5.15%
Above 5 5.55%

2.9.2.5Foreign currency account

Foreign Currency Accounts are opened on proper introduction and
submission of required documents along with an initial deposit
prescribed from time to time. It can be operated singly or jointly by
individuals, partnerships, corporation, companies etc.Pakistani,

22
foreigners, Muslims, non Muslims can open this account in foreign
currency Dollars, Pounds sterling and Euro. In Pakistan only foreign
currency saving account is running. Minimum balance required for
foreign currency saving account is 500 Dollars.If balance is less than
required then Bank makes deductions.

2.9.2.6 National income daily accounts (NIDA)

NIDA are opened on proper introduction and submission of required
documents along with an initial deposit prescribed from time to time. NIDA
are opened for individual (single/joint) charitable institution, autonomous
corporation, companies, associations, educational institutions, firms etc.
Deposits in the NIDA accepted on the conditions that the depositor shall
always maintain minimum balance as prescribed by bank in his account.

2.9.2.7 Rates or profit on NIDA

2million to 25million=1.50%
25m to 50m =2%
50m to 100m =2.30%
100m to 2.50m =2.60%
2.50m to 500m =2.80%
500m to 1000m =3.10%
1000m to 2000m =3.30%
2000m to 5000m =3.50%
5000m & above =3.75%

2.9.2.8 Premium saver account

Premium saver accounts are opened on proper introduction and submission
of required documents along with an initial deposit prescribed from time to
time. Premium saver accounts are opened for individuals (single or joint)
only. In case where prescribed minimum balance in Premium saver account
is not maintained no profit for the month will be paid to the account holder.
In case of Premium saver account a higher rate of profit as per bank

23
discretion will be paid to depositor maintaining deposit below the mark of
Rs 300,000/- as compared to depositor maintaining higher deposits in their
Premium saver account.

2.9.2.9 Premium Amdani account

Premium Amdani products account can be opened by all who are allowed
to open current, PLS saving account. The bank reserves the right of
refusing to accept deposit from any person in premium Amdani account
without assigning any reason. Premium Amdani deposits are accepted by
the bank with minimum sums prescribed by the bank from time to time. In
case of premium Amdani additional amount in the lots of 25000/- will be
accepted. Premium Amdani Certificates will only be issued for period of 5
year. Loan will be given 85% of face value of certificate. Loan will be
sanctioned for one year and lump sum payment will be made.

2.9.2.10 Rates
1 year 7.50%
2year 8.50%
3year 9.50%
4year 10.50%
5year 11%

2.9.2.11 Account of blind person

Blind person (both literate & illiterate) can open an account to be operated
jointly with a visually literate person on completion of all documents and
formalities as prescribed by the bank. Operations in the joint account will
not be subject to ‘’either or Survival’’. In the event of death of blind
account holder the entire credit balance will be paid to the legal heirs of the
deceased blind account. In the event of death of joint visually account
holder the entire credit balance will be payable to the surviving blind
account holder.

24
2.9.2.12 Dormant & inoperative account
All current accounts, which have not been operated upon for six months or
all saving accounts which have not been operated upon for one year shall
classify as ‘’Dormant account’’. All current account s, which have not been
operated upon for two years or all saving accounts, which have not been
operated upon for three year shall classify as ‘’Inoperative account’’.

3.2.13 Minor’s accounts

That person who has not up till attained the age of 18years is considered as
minor. Under section 11 of contract act, 1872 minor is incompetent to enter
into contract. Therefore in bank, contract with minor is avoided. There are
two types of minor’s account.

2.9.2.13.1 According to will of guardian

Bankers in Pakistan allow minor to open to an account but on the request of
his guardian. Title of account remain s on the name of both guardian &
minor Until age of 18 year minor cant made transaction, after 18 year both
can do transactions.

2.9.2.13.2 after death of guardian

In case of death of account holder the credit balance in his account will be
payable to his legal heirs. They have to prove themselves through court.
Bank will present the details of his account in court. If any one of them is
minor then he will not be given balance. His account will be opened in the
Bank according to orders of court and Senior Civil Judge will be guardian
of account until he attained the age of majority. After that he can withdraw
money from the account.

25
2.9.3 Problems in personal account

2.9.3.1 Lunacy of customers

A customer who is incapable of understanding, is of unsound mind
cannot enter into contract with the banker as a customer.

2.9.3.2 Death of customer

In the event of death of an account holder, the credit balance, in any
account, in the name of an individual will be payable to the legal heirs of
the deceased individual account holder If the account is in the name of two
or more persons operated jointly the credit balance will be payable to the
legal heirs of the deceased account holders along with the remaining
account holders.

2.9.4 Advances department

The objective of Advances Department is”. To facilitate people by giving
short term and long term loans on easy terms and conditions”. The main
function of this Department is to take surplus money from the people at low
rates and lend this money to borrowers at high rates to earn profit. This
section is back born of bank. 50% of earning of bank comes from advance
department. Profitability depends on advances

2.9.5 Types of financing

There are two types of financing .
2.9.5.1 Long term finance;
 Which are for 5years or more than 5 Years.
 House building finance
 NBP advance salary
 Motor car loan
 Agriculture development loan
 Project financing
 Staff loan

26
2.9.5.2 Short term finance
 Which are for one year.
 Gold finance
 Cash finance
 Running finance

2.9.5.2.1 Gold finance

 Facility of Rs 1000 against 1 gm of gold.
 No maximum limit of cash.
 Mark-up 15.5% per annum.
 Repayable after one year. (Lump sum).
 Loan is given on net weight.
 Minimum on 12 g loan is sanctioned.
 If after one year no capacity to repay then loan can be rescheduled
by paying mark-up for one more year.
 One person cannot take additional loan on other grams of gold with
same name.
 If after one year payment is not made to bank. Bank send 3 notice to
borrower
 Again if he doesn’t reply to notice. Case will be sent to the court.
Court will give gold to bank and will order the borrower to pay
mark-up.

ii) Cash finance

It is a very common form of borrowing by business concern, commercial
concern, and industrial concern. A borrower is granted an advance up to a
certain limit against securities such as pledge of goods and mortgage
securities. Borrower pay markup only on the amount which is actually
utilized. It is granted on long term basis. Cash Finance is not available in
Mansehra , only in big cities Bank has its own lock on warehouses.
Industries can’t reduce stock without the permission of bank. If he wants to

27
use the stock, the bank person will visit along with him. When stock
reduces he will pay the loan. Loan is sanction for one year. After one year it
can be renewed. Markup is paid in quarterly.

2.9.5.2.2 Running finance

 In running finance property is kept as mortgage or any security.
(certificate)
 The 85% loan is given because more liquid as property in the name
of bank.
 Running finance is given for one year.
 In running finance multi transaction are allowed.
 He is given a check book.
 In one year he can with draw & deposit amount several time but
cant exceed the loan limit.
2.9.5.2.3 Long term finance
2.9.5.2.4 Advance salary
 20 months salaries in advance.
 Minimum documentation.
 Repayable in 5 Year (60 months).
 Mark up 20% markup is paid monthly.
 Before 18%, The new ratio is applied on loan taken after
01/07/2010
 Loan sanction authority to different grade officers is
 Grade 1 : 2 lacks
 Grade 2 : 1 lack 50 thousand

2.9.6 Western union

It is private not govt. (a kind of Hundi).On the spot cash payment is
made.No compulsion of account.10 Digits MTCN (Money transfer control
number) is allotted. On which payment is done.It can be taken any where in
Pakistan by showing the number.Receiver has to show any one of following

28
in order to receive money.Original I.D. card.Original Driving
license.Original Passport.Duplicate or photo state is not accepted.

2.9.7 Clearing department

2.9.7.1 Clearing house

From many years there was clearing house in national bank of
Pakistan Main branch Mansehra . The agents of banks who were members
of clearing house daily gather 2 times in a day and exchange the checks for
clearance with each other.

2.9.7.2 NIFT (National institutional facilitation technology)

Now NIFT private ltd company is performing clearing functions for
banks.There office is at Abbott Abad. In this case the banks are in loss.
Before banks cut charges from parties account. But now they can’t do so.
NIFT charges 8 Rs per instrument from bank, which bank can not deduct
from party’s account. Now it is advantage for party.
Procedure
The agent of NIFT visits 3times a day.In morning he brings cheque
which is drawn on NBP Main branch Mansehra .After 2- hours he visits
again to take back if any cheque, draft or Government receipt is to be
returned with objection.In eve he visits to take cheque for next day
clearance from other banks. Which he will present to them in next
morning.All cheque of other banks are kept in a bag which is sealed with a
specific seal no.

2.9.7.2.1 In-Word Clearing Books

The bank uses this book for the purpose of recording all the cheque
that are being received by the bank in the first clearing. All details of the
cheque are recorded in this book.

29
2.9.7.2.2 Out-Word Clearing Book
The bank uses outward clearing register for the purpose of
recording all the details of the cheque that the bank has delivered to other
banks.

2.9.8 Foreign exchange department

In foreign exchange customer can open account in 3 currencies.US
Dollar code 40.Uk Pound code 30.Euro code 51.Three Banks which
deal NBP transactions of F.C are.NBP New York deals the transactions of
dollar..United National Bank London (UNB) deal Pound.Same procedure
of opening account like in Pakistan Rs.Here minimum balance required is
1000$.If less then monthly $3 as services charges will be deducted.If
account is opened in any other foreign currency then amount will be
converted in $ to deduct charges.

2.9.9 Types of Cheque

Bankers in Pakistan deal with three types of cheque

2.9.9.1 Bearer Cheque

Bearer cheque is cashable at the counter of the bank. These can
also be collected through clearing.

2.9.9.2 Order cheque

These types of cheques are also cashable on the counter but its
holder must satisfy the banker that he is the proper man to collect the
payment of the cheque and he has to show his identification. It can also be
collected through clearing.

2.9.9.3 Crossed Cheque

These cheque are not payable in cash at the counters of a banker. It
can only be credited to the payee’s account. If there are two persons having

30
accounts at the same bank, one of the account holder issues a cross-cheque
in favor of the other account holder. Then the cheque will be credited to the
account of the person to whom the cheque was issued and debited from the
account of the person who has actually issued the cheque.

2.9.9.4 Payment of Cheque

It is a banker’s primary contract to repay money received for his
customer’s account usually by honoring his cheques. It is a contractual
obligation of a banker to honor his customer’s cheques if the following
essentials are fulfilled.
 Cheques should be in a proper form:
 Cheque should not be crossed:
 Cheque should be drawn on the particular bank:
 Cheque should not mutilated:
 Funds must be sufficient and available:
2.9.10 Remittance department
Remittance means a sum of money sent in payment for something.
This department deals with either the transfer of money from one bank to
other bank or from one branch to another branch for their customers. NBP
offers the following forms of remittances.
 Demand Draft
 Telegraphic Transfer
 Pay Order
 Mail Transfer

2.9.11 Demand draft (Dd)

It is the safe mode to transfer money. Customer has to fill in DD slip
in which following items are written in favors of which one wants to
make the draft, Amount, exchange and total amount. Then he has to
write his address and put signature on it. Customer will deposit
amount then draft will be prepared and given to him.

31
2.9.11.1 Charges for Issuance of DD
Up to Rs.100, 000/- 0.10% Minimum Rs.50/-
Up to Rs.1, 000,000/- 0.05% Minimum Rs.100/-
Over Rs.1, 000,000/- 0.04% Minimum Rs.400/-
paying bank for the payment of a specified amount of money. Account
holder and non account holder both can send MT. MT can only be issued to
NBP branches.

2.9.12 Telegraphic transfer (TT)

Telegraphic transfer is the quickest method of making remittances.
Telegraphic transfer is an order by telegram to a bank to pay a specified
sum of money to the specified person. TT can be sent only to NBP
branches. The receiver must have an account in the bank where TT is sent.
If account is not in branch where TT has sent then the responding branch
will prepare TT payment order and will send to the address of the receiver
but it will take time and benefits of TT will not be availed

2.9.13 computer department

The objective of this Department is to facilitate customers in payment of
their cheques”. The main functions performed by this department are:
 Checking balance.
 Deduction from balance on clearing cheque.
 Issuing bank statements.
2.9.14 Establishment department
This department mainly deals with the branch employees. The main
objective of this department is to” To regulate bank business”. Main
functions of this department are:
 Keeps the record of attendance of employees.
 Employee’s salaries distribution.
 Employee’s bonuses etc.

32
 CHAPTER 3
ANALYSIS OF NBP

3.1 Financial Analysis

Financial analysis (also referred to as financial statement analysis or
accounting analysis or Analysis of finance) refers to an assessment of the
viability, stability and profitability of a business, sub-business or project.

Typically, financial analysis is used to analyze whether an entity is stable,

solvent, liquid, or profitable enough to be invested in. When looking at a
specific company, the financial analyst will often focus on the income
statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement.

3.1.1 Vertical analysis

Common size analysis expresses comparisons in percentages. It includes
vertical analysis and horizontal analysis .Vertical analysis compares each
amount with a base amount elected from the same year. Horizontal analysis
compares each amount with a base amount for a selected base year.

2018
  2018 % 2017 2017%
Assets        
Cash and Balances with
treasury bank 247917421 8.8% 160405083 6.4%
Cash and Balances with
other bank 13049725 0.5% 26992279 1.1%
Lending to financial
Institution 106391667 3.8% 26916113 1.1%
128497450 129653706
Investments 6 45.8% 4 51.6%
Advances 926339789 33.0% 740344934 29.5%
Fixed Assets 54338676 1.9% 32671800 1.3%

33
 Intangable Assets 856900 0.05% 1150437 0.08%
Defferd tax Assets   0.05% 7342482 0.37%
other Assets 170017572 6.1% 219091687 8.7%
280388625 100.0 251145187
  6 % 9 100.0%
Liabilities   0.0%   0.0%
Bills Payable 9944178 0.4% 13195055 0.5%
Borrowings 392739396 14.0% 360105674 14.3%
201131262 172705924
Deposits & Other Accounts 5 71.7% 6 68.8%
Liabilities against asset
subject to F.lease 121077 0.03% 56799 0.03%
Deferred tax liabilities 6945767 0.2%   0.0%
other liabilities 171761918 6.1% 231359391 9.2%
259282496 233177616
  1 92.5% 5 92.8%
Net Assets 211061295 7.5% 179675714 7.2%
     
Represented by    
Share Capital 21275131 0.8% 21275131 0.8%
Reserves 53442643 1.9% 49887328 2.0%
Surplus on revaluation of
assets 59262177 2.1% 49632435 2.0%
Unappropriated profit 76239599 2.7% 58069393 2.3%
  210219550 7.5% 178864287 7.1%
Non-controling interest 841745 0.03% 811427 0.04%
  211061295 7.5% 179675714 7.2%
Table 2 Verical analysis of balance sheet

Interpretation

Vertical analysis is the proportional analysis of a financial statement, where

each line item on a financial statement is listed as a percentage of another
item. Typically, this means that every line item on an income statement is
stated as a percentage of gross sales, while every line item on a balance
sheet is stated as a percentage of total assets.

34
The most common use of vertical analysis is within a financial statement
for a single time period, so that one can see the relative proportions of
account balances. Vertical analysis is also useful for timeline analysis, to
see relative changes in accounts over time, such as on a comparative basis
over a five-year period. For example, if the cost of goods sold has a history
of being 40% of sales in each of the past four years, then a new percentage
of 48% would be a cause for alarm.

The major components in the balance sheet of banks are deposits, advances
and investments.

Cash and Balances with treasury bank increased 8.8% than the previous
year while in 2017 it was 6.4%. Cash and Balances with other bank
Decreased 0.5% than the previous year while in 2017 it was 1.1%. Lending
to financial Institution increased 3.8% than the previous year while in 2017
it was 1.1%.
Investments Decreased 45.8% than the previous year while in 2017 it was
51.6%. Advances increased 33.0% than the previous year while in 2017 it
was 29.5%. Fixed Assets increased 1.9% than the previous year while in
2017 it was 1.3%. Intangible Assets Decreased 0.05% than the previous
year while in 2017 it was 0.08%. Defferd tax Assets Decreased 0.05% than
the previous year while in 2017 it was 0.37% other Assets Decreased 6.1%
than the previous year.
While in 2017 it was 8.7% .Bills Payable Decreased 0.4% than the previous
year while in 2017 it was 0.5%. Borrowings Decreased 14.0% than the
previous year while in 2017 it was 14.3%. Deposits & Other Accounts
increased 71.7% than the previous year while in 2017 it was 68.8%.
Liabilities against asset subject to F.lease Did not increased 0.03% than the
previous year while in 2017 it was 0.03%. Deferred tax liabilities increased
0.2% than the previous year while in 2017 it was 0.0%. Other liabilities
Decreased 6.1% than the previous year while in 2017 it was 9.2%.
 Total Liabilities Decreased 92.5% than the previous year while in 2017 it
was 92.8%. Net Assets increased 7.5% than the previous year While in

35
2017 it was 7.2%. Share Capital Did not increased 0.8% than the previous
year While in 2017 it was 0.8%. Reserves Decreased 1.9% than the
previous year While in 2017 it was 2.0%. Surplus on revaluation of assets
increased 2.1% than the previous year. While in 2017 it was 2.0%
Unappropriated profit increased 2.7% than the previous year While in 2017
it was 2.3% .Non-controling interest Decreased 0.03% than the previous
year While in 2017 it was 0.04%.  Equity increased 7.5% than the previous
year While in 2017 it was 7.2%
3.1.1.3 Horizontal Analysis of NBP`s Balance interpretation

2017 Vs
  2018 2017 2018%
Assets
Cash and Balances with treasury
bank 247917421 160405083 54.6%

Cash and Balances with other bank 13049725 26992279 -51.7%

Lending to financial Institution 106391667 26916113 295.3%

128497450 129653706
Investments 6 4 -0.9%

Advances 926339789 740344934 25.1%

Fixed Assets 54338676 32671800 66.3%

Intangable Assets 856900 1150437 -25.5%

Defferd tax Assets   7342482 -100.0%

other Assets 170017572 219091687 -22.4%

280388625 251145187
  6 9 11.6%

Liabilities      

36
 Bills Payable 9944178 13195055 -24.6%

Borrowings 392739396 360105674 9.1%

201131262 172705924
Deposits & Other Accounts 5 6 16.5%
Liabilities against asset subject to
F.lease 121077 56799 113.2%

Deferred tax liabilities 6945767    

other liabilities 171761918 231359391 -25.8%

259282496 233177616
  1 5 11.2%

Net Assets 211061295 179675714 17.5%

       
Represented by      

Share Capital 21275131 21275131 0.0%

Reserves 53442643 49887328 7.1%

Surplus on revaluation of assets 59262177 49632435 19.4%

Unappropriated profit 76239599 58069393 31.3%

  210219550 178864287 17.5%

Non-controling interest 841745 811427 3.7%

  211061295 179675714 17.5%
Table 3 Horizontal analysis of balance sheet

Interpretation

Horizontal analysis of the balance sheet is also usually in a two-year

format, such as the one shown below, with a variance showing the

37
difference between the two years for each line item. An alternative format
is to add as many years as will fit on the page, without showing a variance,
so that you can see general changes by account over multiple years. A less-
used format is to include a vertical analysis of each year in the report, so
that each year shows each line item as a percentage of the total assets in
that year.

Financial statement analysis is an evaluative method of determining the

past, current and projected performance of a company. Several techniques
are commonly used as part of financial statement analysis
including horizontal analysis, which compares two or more years of
financial data in both dollar and percentage form; vertical analysis, where
each category of accounts on the balance sheet is shown as a percentage of
the total account; and ratio analysis, which calculates statistical
relationships between data.

The horizontal analysis shows that in the year 2018 Cash and Balances with
treasury bank increased 54.6%. Cash and Balances with other bank
decreased 51.7%. Lending to financial Institution increased 295.3%.
Investments decreased 0.9%. Advances increased 25.1%. Fixed Assets
increased 66.3%. Intangable Assets decreased 25.5%. Defferd tax Assets
decreased 100.0%. other Assets decreased 22.4%.  Total Assets increased
11.6%.
Bills Payable decreased 24.6%. Borrowings increased 9.1%. Deposits &
Other Accounts increased 16.5%. Liabilities against asset subject to F.lease
increased 113.2%. Deferred tax liabilities other liabilities Decreased
-25.8%.  Total liabilities increased 11.2%.
Net Assets increased 17.5%. Share Capital increased 0.06%. Reserves
increased 7.1%. Surplus on revaluation of assets increased 19.4%.
Unappropriated profit increased 31.3%. Non-controling interest increased
3.7%.  Equity increased 17.5%.

38
3.2 Horizontal Analysis of Income Statement
2017 vs
2018 2017 2018
Profit After Taxaion 20015122 23027987 -14%
Exchange gain on Translation 915995 909953 0%
Movement in surplus (Revaluation
investment) (9695113) (7968020) 36%
(8779118) (7058067) 46%
remeasurement Gain 155785 (2755579) -94%
Movement in Surplus (revaluation F.A) 20261759 ---
Movement in surplus (Revaluation Non-
Banking Assets) (167094) 1047510 -84%
20250450 (1708069) 1086%
Total Comprehensive Income 31486454 14261851 102%
Table 4 horizontal analysis of income statement

Interpatition
Horizontal analysis of financial statements involves comparison of a
financial ratio, a benchmark, or a line item over a number of accounting
periods. This method of analysis is also known as trend analysis. Horizontal
analysis allows the assessment of relative changes in different items over
time. It also indicates the behavior of revenues, expenses, and other line
items of financial statements over the course of time.

Accounting periods can be two or more than two periods. Accounting

period can be a month, a quarter or a year. It will depend on the analyst’s
discretion when choosing an appropriate number of accounting periods.
During the investment appraisal, the number of accounting periods for
analysis is based on the time horizon under consideration.

Profit After Taxaion decreased 14%. Exchange gain on Translation is same

0%. Movement in surplus (Revaluation investment) increased 36%.
remeasurement Gain decreased 94%. Movement in surplus (Revaluation
Non-Banking Assets) decreased 84%. Total Comprehensive Income
increased 102%. Shareholders of the Bank increased 103%. Non-
Controlling interest decreased 26%.

39
Horizontal analysis of financial statements can be performed on any of the
item in the income statement, balance sheet and statement of cash flows

An income statement is a financial statement that reports a

company's financial performance over a specific accounting period.
Financial performance is assessed by giving a summary of how the
business incurs its revenues and expenses through both operating and non-
operating activities. It also shows the net profit or loss incurred over a
specific accounting period.

The income statement is divided into two parts: operating and non-
operating. The operating portion of the income statement discloses
information about revenues and expenses that are a direct result of regular
business operations. For example, if a business creates sports equipment, it
should make money through the sale and/or production of sports
equipment. The non-operating section discloses revenue and expense
information about activities that are not directly tied to a company's regular
operations. Continuing with the same example, if the sports company sells
real estate and investment securities, the gain from the sale is listed in the
non-operating items section.

A horizontal analysis, or trend analysis, is a procedure in fundamental

analysis in which an analyst compares ratios or line items in a
company's financial statements over a certain period of time. The analyst
uses his discretion when choosing a particular timeline; however, the
decision is often based on the investing time horizon under consideration.

40
3.3Vertical Analysis of Income Statement
2018 2017
Profit After Taxaion 20015122 100% 23027987 100%
Exchange gain on Translation 915995 8% 909953 7%
Movement in surplus (Revaluation (9695113 (7968020
investment) ) 52% ) 33%
(8779118 (7058067
) 44% ) 26%
(2755579
remeasurement Gain 155785 1% ) 12%
Movement in Surplus (revaluation
F.A) 20261759 101% --- 0%
Movement in surplus (Revaluation
Non-Banking Assets) (167094) 1% 1047510 4%
(1708069
20250450 101% ) 7%
Total Comprehensive Income 31486454 157% 14261851 67%
Table 5 vertical analysis of income statement

Interpatition
Horizontal analysis of financial statements involves comparison of a
financial ratio, a benchmark, or a line item over a number of accounting
periods. This method of analysis is also known as trend analysis. Horizontal
analysis allows the assessment of relative changes in different items over
time. It also indicates the behavior of revenues, expenses, and other line
items of financial statements over the course of time.

Accounting periods can be two or more than two periods. Accounting

period can be a month, a quarter or a year. It will depend on the analyst’s
discretion when choosing an appropriate number of accounting periods.
During the investment appraisal, the number of accounting periods for
analysis is based on the time horizon under consideration.

Horizontal analysis of financial statements can be performed on any of the

item in the income statement, balance sheet and statement of cash flows

An income statement or profit and loss account  statement of profit or

loss, revenue statement, statement of financial performance, earnings

41
statement, operating statement, or statement of operations) is one of
the financial statements of a company and shows the
company’s revenues and expenses during a particular period. It indicates
how the revenues (money received from the sale of products and services
before expenses are taken out, also known as the “top line”) are
transformed into the net income (the result after all revenues and expenses
have been accounted for, also known as “net profit” or the “bottom line”).
The purpose of the income statement is to show managers and investors
whether the company made or lost money during the period being reported.
One important thing to remember about an income statement is that it
represents a period of time like the cash flow statement. This contrasts with
the balance sheet, which represents a single moment in time.

3.4 Ratio Analysis

Ratio analysis is the most commonly used analysis to judge the financial
strength of a company. It is a quantitative relation between two magnitudes
of the same kind. This comparison allows the firm to detect major operating
differences. the main categories of ratios are.

3.4.1Current ratio

The current ratio is a liquidity and efficiency ratio that measures a firm's

ability to pay off its short-term liabilities with its current assets. The current
ratio is an important measure of liquidity because short-term liabilities are
due within the next year.
This means that a company has a limited amount of time in order to raise
the funds to pay for these liabilities. Current assets like cash, cash
equivalents, and marketable securities can easily be converted into cash in
the short term. This means that companies with larger amounts of current
assets will more easily be able to pay off current liabilities when they
become due without having to sell off long-term, revenue generating assets.

Current Ratio
Assets 2017=

42
160085598+14395805+121709399=296190802
Current Libalities 2017=
10187250+44863930+1657132405=1712183585
Assets 2018=
16080735+26992279+26916113=213989127
Current Liabilities 2018=
13195055+360105674+1727059246=2100359975
Current Ratio = CURRENT ASSET/CURRENT LIABILITIES
CURRENT ASSET/CURRENT
YEARS LIABILITIES RESULT
2018 213989127/2100359975 0.10

2017 296190802/1712183585 0.17

Interpretation
Current ratio showed a huge decrease in the year 2018 to 0.10% from the
last year’s 0.17% which is a good sign for the organization

0.18
0.16
0.14
0.12
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
2018
2017

3.4.2 Net Working Capital

Net working capital is a liquidity calculation that measures a company’s

ability to pay off its current liabilities with current assets. This
measurement is important to management, vendors, and general creditors
because it shows the firm’s short-term liquidity as well as management’s
ability to use its assets efficiently.

43
Much like the working capital ratio, the net working capital formula
focuses on current liabilities like trade debts, accounts payable, and vendor
notes that must be repaid in the current year. It only makes sense the
vendors and creditors would like to see how much current assets, assets that
are expected to be converted into cash in the current year, are available to
pay for the liabilities that will become due in the coming 12 months.
If a company can’t meet its current obligations with current assets, it will
be forced to use its long-term assets, or income producing assets, to pay off
its current obligations. This can lead decreased operations, sales, and May
even be an indicator of more severe organizational and financial problems.

The net working capital formula is calculated by subtracting the current

liabilities from the current assets. Here is what the basic equation looks
like.

Assets 2017=
160085598+14395805+121709399=296190802
Current Liabilities 2017=
10187250+44863930+1657132405=1712183585
Assets 2018=
16080735+26992279+26916113=213989127
Current Liabilities 2018=
13195055+360105674+1727059246=2100359975

NET WORKING CAPITAL =

CURRENT ASSETS –CURRENT LIABILITIES
YEARS CURRENT ASSETS –CURRENT RESULT
LIABILITIES
2018 213989127-2100359975 188637084
2017 296190802-1712183585 1415992783

Interpretation
The calculation of this ratio show that net working capital in 2018 was Rs.
188637084 while in 2017 it is Rs. 141599783

44
3.4.3Debt to Equity Ratio
The debt to equity ratio is a financial, liquidity ratio that compares a
company's total debt to total equity. The debt to equity ratio shows the
percentage of company financing that comes from creditors and investors.
A higher debt to equity ratio indicates that more creditor financing (bank
loans) is used than investor financing (shareholders).

The debt to equity ratio is calculated by dividing total liabilities by total

equity. The debt to equity ratio is considered a balance sheet ratio because
all of the elements are reported on the balance sheet.
DER = TOTAL LIABITIES/TOTAL EQUITY

YEARS TOTAL LIABITIES/TOTAL RESULT

EQUITY
2018 2196340695/179675714 12.2
2017 1801277896/180138666 9.9
Interpretation
Debt to equity ratio for the year 2018 is 12.2% while it increased in the
current year 2017 to 9.9, due to increase in the liabilities

100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
2018
2017

3.4.4Debt Ratio

Debt ratio is a solvency ratio that measures a firm's total liabilities as a

percentage of its total assets. In a sense, the debt ratio shows a company's
ability to pay off its liabilities with its assets. In other words, this shows

45
how many assets the company must sell in order to pay off all of its
liabilities.
This ratio measures the financial leverage of a company. Companies with
higher levels of liabilities compared with assets are considered highly
leveraged and more risky for lenders.
The debt ratio is calculated by dividing total liabilities by total assets. Both
of these numbers can easily be found the balance sheet. Here is the
calculation:

DEBT RATIO = TOTAL LIABILITIES/ TOTAL ASSETS

YEARS TOTAL LIABILITIES/ TOTAL RESULT
ASSETS

2018 2196340695/2376016409 0.8

2017 1801277896/1981416562 0.9

Interpretation
Debt ratio slightly decreased in 2018 as compare to 2017 it was 0.8 % in
2017 it decline to 9 %.

100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
2018
2017

3.4.5 Equity Ratio

The equity ratio is an investment leverage or solvency ratio that measures
the amount of assets that are financed by owners' investments by
comparing the total equity in the company to the total assets.

46
The equity ratio highlights two important financial concepts of a solvent
and sustainable business. The first component shows how much of the total
company assets are owned outright by the investors. In other words, after
all of the liabilities are paid off, the investors will end up with the
remaining assets.
The second component inversely shows how leveraged the company is with
debt. The equity ratio measures how much of a firm's assets were financed
by investors. In other words, this is the investors' stake in the company.
This is what they are on the hook for. The inverse of this calculation shows
the amount of assets that were financed by debt. Companies with higher
equity ratios show new investors and creditors that investors believe in the
company and are willing to finance it with their investments.

The equity ratio is calculated by dividing total equity by total assets. Both
of these numbers truly include all of the accounts in that category. In other
words, all of the assets and equity reported on the balance sheet are
included in the equity ratio calculation.
EQUITY RATIO = TOTAL EQUITY/TOTAL ASSETS

YEARS TOTAL EQUITY/TOTAL ASSETS RESULT

2018 179675714/2376016409 0.07
2017 180138666/1981416562 0.09

Interpretation
Equity ratio for the year 2018 is 0.07% and in 2017 it is 0.09% which means it
slightly decreased than the year 2018 in current year which is a good sign.

47
 100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
2018
2017

3.4.6 Net Interest Margin:

Net interest margin (NIM) is a measure of the difference between the
interest income generated by banks or other financial institutions and the
amount of interest paid out to their lenders, relative to the amount of their
assets. It is similar to the gross margin of non-financial companies
NIM = Interest Expenses / Interest Income

Interest Expenses / Interest

Years Income

2018 68820000/54253000 1.26

2017 59578000/54824000 1.0

Interpretation
This ratio examines how successful a firm's investment decisions are
compared to its debt situations. The interest margin ratio in 2017 is
decreased as compared to 2018 good sing for the bank, because investment
decisions are well planned.

48
 100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
2018
2017

3.4.7 Earning Asset to total assets

An asset that produces money for a company without any work needing to
be done. Earning assets include such things as loan, Lease, stocks, bonds,
certificates of deposit, and generally anything that earns interest or
dividends.
Earning assets include loan, Lease, investment securities and money market
assets. This ratio show that the contribution of these assets to total assets.
Earning assets = Interest Earned/Total Assets
Interest Earned/Total
Years Assets
2018 123073000/2376016409 0.06
2017 1144403000/1981416562 0.05

Interpretation
The ratio of earning to total assets in 2017 is 0.05 and in 2018 it is 0.06
which is almost increase could be favorable for the bank.

49
 100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
2018
2017

3.4.8 Return on Earning Assets.

An indicator of how profitable a company is relative to its earning
assets. ROEA gives an idea as to how efficient management is at using its
assets to generate earnings.
Years Net income/interest income

2018 23028000/54253000 0.42

2017 22752000/54824000 0.41
ROEA = Net income/interest income

Interpretation
Return on earning assets is decreases in 2017 as compared to previous year,
due to good management of NBP showing favorable trend.
3.4.10 Equity to Total Assets.
The equity to debt ratio show how much NBP have equity out of total
assets.
DEBT RATIO = EQUITY/TOTAL ASSETS
YEARS EQUITY/TOTAL ASSETS
2018 179675714/2376016409 0.10
2017 180138666/1981416562 0.09

Interpretation.

50
This ratio shows the ownership of the bank. In 2018 it is 0.10 and 2017 it is
0.09 which shows in 2018bank equity are increase.

100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
2018
2017

3.4.11 Non Performing Loan to Total Loan

NPL, are loans that are no longer producing income for the bank that owns
them. Loans become nonperforming when borrowers stop making
payments and the loans enter default. The exact classification can vary
from institution to institution, but a loan is usually considered to be
nonperforming after it has been in default for three consecutive months.
Credit to Deposit ratio (CD ratio)
CD ratio = ADVANCES/ DEPOSITS

YEARS ADVANCES/ DEPOSITS

2018 740344934/1727059246 0.42
2017 668883928/1657132405 0.40
interpretation.
credit to deposit ratio shows how much bank uses deposit to advances. In
2018 bank use 0.42% deposit for advances and in 2017 bank use 0.40%
deposit for advances.

51
 100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
2018
2017

3.5 SWOT Analysis

The word “SWOT” stands for strengths, weakness, opportunities and

threats respectively. SWOT analysis is a tool with the help of which we can
measure the performance and the prevailing condition of an organization.
In SWOT analysis we can easily identified the problem facing by the
organization and its remedial actions.
The SWOT analysis is used to focus NBP’s business to enhance strengths
and eliminate weakness, take advantage of opportunities edge against
threats.

3.5.1 strengths
1 NBP is one of the oldest banks of Pakistan therefore people have
confidence on that bank. It is the largest commercial bank in
Pakistan with a network of over 1199 branches inside the country in
which there are 9 RHQ and 40 zonal offices and one subsidiary in
17 different countries.
2 It has a pleasant working environment as compare to other bank
branches in the area.
2 It provides many facilities to its employees. Like provide interest
free loans for different purposes.

52
 3 It provides loan facilities to its general client against jewelry.(Gold)
4 Provision of different types of officers loan of 4% mark up lower
staff is given spend benefits. They are given loan to four lacks
without interest. Bank staff is also given three types of bonuses in
every year i.e. on Eid-ul-Fittar, Eid-ul-Azha and the last one is
given annually.
5 Highest profitability
6 It deals in almost all the affairs of the government.
7 In order to give loan to the farmers they provide special services
while rendering the loan.
8 NBP open different branches in rural areas in order to facilitate the
farmers.
9 It Provides loan named as NBP (SAIBBAN) for the construction of
houses to the salaried persons.
10 Provide 15 advance salary packages to the needy people.
11 Act as an agent of SBP.
12 Staff College is also the part of the national bank of Pakistan; it
helps the trainee to get some practical knowledge.
13 Not a tough competition, because it is nationalized bank.
14 Highest deposits.
15 Staff gives the importance to internees.
16 The attitude of the staff with internees and customers is very
cooperative.

3.5.2 Weaknesses
1 Complaint of the customer is not taken into consideration. It
hampers the image of the bank.
2 During the rush hours due to the lack of staff, clients wait for their
turn for long time.
2 Marketing efforts are not make to promote the bank.
3 Common people didn’t have the knowledge about the polices and
new packages of the national bank of Pakistan.

53
 4 NBP is under the political pressure.
5 It is a nationalized bank, so the government influence is very much
in the management of national bank of Pakistan.
6 Favoritism and nepotism during appointment, transfer, promotion,
and increments.
7 No job rotation according to rules and regulation.
8 The number of branches of NBP is decreasing every year.
9 Poor quality counters service during the rush hours.
10 Lack of scheme and projects to invest the money.
11 Limited staffing and no adequate span of management.
12 Unequal distribution of work.
13 No much use of computer as it is required.
14 No library for internees as well as students to get the relevant
material.
15 Delay in decision making.
16 No note counting machine.
17 No online banking system.
18 Employee does not follow the basic rules and regulation of banking.

3.5.3 Opportunities of NBP

19 Location of the branch is very suitable place.
20 Near to all major business owners.
21 NBP is the only bank which is providing facilities of collecting
from 9.00am to 5.00pm.
22 Better management.
23 Provide many utility services.
24 Micro financing scheme for the farmers and NBP also provides
monthly income to the pensioners.
25 Introduction of new technology and electronic banking.
26 Introduction of new financial scheme with higher rate in order to
attract the customers.

54
3.5.4 Threats
1 National bank is the only Government bank so there is political
interference time to time and every political government wants to
impose its own policies.
2 The bank cannot introduce the various earning schemes like (Allied
Bank kar Amad scheme, Muhafiz travelers Cheque HBL etc).
3 In area there are also other bank present (like HBL, UBL) employee
and most of the employee are under graduate and graduate.
4 There is also an interest policy present in the bank.
5 Sanctions imposed against Pakistan will affect exchange business
where as the freezing of account by SBP have also caused problems
for NBP.
6 Rapidly growing business of other foreign banks and expansion of
their brands networks in the country.
7 Strike regulation by the government and credit facilities to the
customers as well as to meet the production regulators.
8 Lack of public confidence to open foreign currency account NBP
due to political instability due to tear of economic sanctions on the
country

55
 CHAPTER 4
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

4.1 Conclusion
During my entire training program, beginning from the internship till
writing this report, I have realized that the National Bank of Pakistan is a
deliberate structured organization and it is serving its customers all over
Pakistan through its wide spread network of branches. It is offering many
services and products at easy markup rates to the valued customers. The
customers are valued and are served at the first priority. The employees of
the Bank are very much cooperative and work whole heartedly thus
working hard for the success of the Bank.

Selections are made on the basis of merit but references and approaches are
very much popular in National Bank of Pakistan. The Bank serves the
people well and it has initiated special moral initiatives while distributing
pensions among people, especially the old age people who come from far
areas to get their pensions. They are dealt very kindly and the Bank
atmosphere is very customer friendly.

4.2 Recommendations
The following are the some positive suggestion & recommendation
for the NBP.

 In my opinion the transactionprocess should be short so

that the time is saved for both the customers and the
bank.
 Staff strength should be optimized and professional
qualified persons should behired on the basis of merit.
 Personal Marketing & Professional attitude.
 Remove the Nepotism & Create Delegation of
Authority.

56
 It is recommended that proper training should be
provided to the staff members which will ultimately
increase the performance of Bank over all.
 To sustain the job satisfaction, NBP needs to offer
promotions and incentives from time to time.
 Environment and Atmosphere should be more renovated
and decorated at the Branch offices.
 The bank should spend more on renovation of the
branches to improve environment and atmosphere to
attract the customers.
 NBP needs to implement computer software to handle
the load of work.
 There is lack of counters in the bank; more counters
shall be introduced to facilitate the customers.
 NBP needs to launch mobile banking
 Only two guards were present at the branch, the security
level was not so good at the branch; security needs to be
looked after.
 For old aged customers and pensioners the Bank needs
to introduce a new counter as well which is dedicated to
them all day long.
 I saw no inspection team come in for inspection during
my work span, inspection teams should work more
efficiently.
 At our branch there was no separate counter for Utility
bills, there should be a separate counter for all sorts of
utility bills.
 They need to enhance the process of allotting loans to be
in a quicker manner.
 Provide real information to the Shareholders.
 NBP is now needed to invest in those industries which
are profitable for it e.g. Pakistan Film Industry, Once

57
 again Establish the Textile Industry, Armed Force
Weapon Industry & also provide the Micro finance for
the Home Industry.
 All of the above eventually provide satisfaction to the
customer.

58
 REFERENCES
1. Siddiqi, Asrar H (2008); Practices and law Banking in Pakistan, (8th Ed),
Royal Book Company, Karachi.
2. NBP Annual report (2018), (2017 –National Bank of Pakistan
3. National bank of Pakistan 2015, executive committee, viewed 05 March,
2017, <http:// www.nbp.com.pk>
4. National bank of Pakistan 2015, publications, annual reports, accessed on
09 March 2017<http:// www.nbp.com.pk/Publications/index.aspx>
5. Business recorder 2015, highest rating, viewed 05 may,2017,
<http://www.brecorder.com/top-stories/0/1175012/>

59
i
From Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Bank_of_Pakistan
ii
The official website of National Bank of Pakistan http://www.nbp.com.pk/index.htm