PRO/II Application Briefs

R3R - Rigorous Crude Oil Distillation Revamp

Simulation Model (Rigorous)
The number of theoretical trays must be established for the rigorous
distillation. This may be obtained by:
 applying typical overall tray efficiencies to the number of
actual trays
 using values from previous simulations of the column
 assuming that the number of theoretical trays is about twice the
minimum number.
In this example, typical efficiencies are used to configure the model
shown in Figure R3-10.

Figure R3-10: Rigorous Crude Unit Model

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 PRO/II Application Briefs
Virtually all the heat in the distillation enters with the crude oil feed,
and so it is vital that the feed temperature is correct. For this reason,
the furnace and flash zone are included in the simulation as a heat
source on the feed tray. The feed is specified as liquid at the flash
zone pressure to ensure that no flash is performed and all the feed is
placed on this tray. The furnace duty is then calculated to match the
specified liquid runback into the flash zone.
Only one other specification can be made on the main column,
together with one on each sidestripper, and so not all the distillation
specifications on the shortcut can be used. The best strategy is to
specify one distillation point or gap for each product, except for the
topped crude. The topped crude is not usually specified since this
has the greatest uncertainty. Specifying the 95% points generally
gives good results. If large differences appear at the top of the
curves, then the simulation may be improved by specifying some
5% points. The specification variables are the condenser duty and
the side product draw rates.
As for the shortcut simulation, 5% and 95% points are used in
preference to initial and end points.
The circulation rates for the pumparound cooler circuits are
calculated to meet the desired cooling duties and return
temperatures. When specifying sidecooler duties, be wary of duties
that are based on measured pumparound rates. These are
notoriously inaccurate, and too much cooling will dry up the liquid
leaving the tray above the cooler. The subsequent calculation failure
reflects the operational failure of the actual column when drying up
occurs. If pumparound duties are uncertain, they may be calculated
to meet specified liquid runbacks.
The shortcut model showed that there is no overhead vapor.
Therefore, the condenser is defined as type subcooled, fixed
temperature.
Solution of the main column is enhanced by using the molal product
flows determined in the shortcut simulation as initial estimates. The
REFINERY model is used to generate the initial solution profiles.
The temperature of the oil leaving the furnace is not the same as the
flash zone temperature. In order to calculate the furnace
temperature, a flash is used to add the calculated furnace duty to the
feed stream.

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 PRO/II Application Briefs

Input Data Rigorous

The dimensional units and printout options for the rigorous
simulation are the same as were used in the shortcut model. The
steam feeds are now fed to the bottom of the main column and to
the sidestrippers.
The column is defined as a refinery unit, and a damping factor of
0.7 is applied to the IO solution method. This damping assists in the
convergence of this type of column.
The steps to define your components, thermodynamic methods, and
assay streams are the same as followed for the shortcut column.
For a rigorous model, the number of TBP Cuts has been increased
from 40 (default) to 98 to improve accuracy and better fractionation
results.
To modify the default TBP cut points, click the Assay Cutpoints
button and Modify Primary Set to enter the cut points as
shown in Figure R3-11.

Figure R3-11: TBP Cutpoints

Lay down the main column and feed streams; then complete the
PFD as previously shown in Figure R3-10.

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 PRO/II Application Briefs
The sidestrippers are entered as separate units, but PRO/II solves
them simultaneously with the main column. The column feed
temperature is not calculated until after the column has been
converged.
Double-click the column to display the main column dialog.

Figure R3-12: Column Main Data Entry Window

 Click the Pressure Profile button and enter the pressure

profile shown in Figure R3-13.

Figure R3-13: Column Pressure Profile Dialog box

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 PRO/II Application Briefs
 Click Feeds and Products and enter the data for feeds and
products as shown in Figure R3-14. The crude feed is located
on tray 18. The return stream from the sidestrippers can be
specified in this dialog box. The products and their types,
product phases, tray number from which the products are
drawn and the product rate can be specified in this dialog box.

Figure R3-14: Column Feeds and Products

 Click the Convergence Data button and enter the damping

factor (a value of 0.70 is used in this example).
 Click the Condenser button and specify a subcooled condenser
operating at a fixed temperature of 110 F.

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 PRO/II Application Briefs
 Click the Pumparounds icon and specify the pumparound
specifications. A representative screen shot is shown in Figure
R3-15.

Figure R3-15: Column Pumparounds

 Click the Performance Specifications button and specify the

separation of the required product stream as 95% ASTM D86
distillation points as shown in Figure R3-16. The variables are
the condenser duties and the side product draw rates.

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 PRO/II Application Briefs
Figure R3-16: Column Performance Specifications

This completes the essential data for the column.

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 PRO/II Application Briefs
Next, lay down the sidestrippers (side columns) on the flowsheet.
 Double-click each side-stripper icon on the PFD and enter data
for:
a) Performance Specifications (the same as for the main col-
umn, see Figure R3-16 above).
b) Pressure Profile
c) Feeds and Products (see Figure R3-17)

Figure R3-17: Side Column Feeds and Products

Keyword Input File

TITLE PROJECT=R3R, USER=SIMSCI
DESC Rigorous crude distillation
PRINT STREAM=SUMMARY, TBP
DIMENSION ENGLISH, PRES=PSIG, LIQVOL=BBL
COMPONENT DATA
LIBID 1,H2O/2,C2/3,C3/4,IC4/5,NC4/6,IC5/7,NC5 &
BANK=SIMSCI, PROCESS
ASSAY CURVEFIT=IMPROVED, CONVERSION=API94
CUTPOINTS TBPCUTS=100,800.001,70/1200,20/1600,8,DEFAULT
THERMODYNAMIC DATA
METHOD SYSTEM=GS, VISCOSITY(L)=API, VISCOSITY(V)=PETR, &
CONDUCTIVITY(L)=PETR, CONDUCTIVITY(V)=PETR, SET=GS01
STREAM DATA

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 PRO/II Application Briefs
PROPERTY STREAM=CRUDE, TEMPERATURE=450, PRESSURE=14, PHASE=M, &
RATE(LV)=4999.99, ASSAY=LV
TBP STREAM=CRUDE, DATA=3,97/5,149/10,208/20,330/30,459/40,590/ &
50,690/60,770/70,865/80,980/100,1600, TEMP=F, PRES(MMHG)=760
API STREAM=CRUDE, AVERAGE=29.2
LIGHTEND STREAM=CRUDE, COMPOSITION(LV)=2,0.1/3,0.2/4,0.3/ &
5,0.7/ 6,0.5/7,1.2, PERCENT(LV)=3, NORMALIZE
PROPERTY STREAM=STM_COL, TEMPERATURE=600, PRESSURE=60, PHASE=M, &
RATE(WT)=10000, COMPOSITION(M)=1,100
PROPERTY STREAM=3, TEMPERATURE=600, PRESSURE=60, PHASE=V, &
RATE(WT)=1500, COMPOSITION(M)=1,100
PROPERTY STREAM=4, TEMPERATURE=600, PRESSURE=60, PHASE=V, &
RATE(WT)=4500, COMPOSITION(M)=1,100
PROPERTY STREAM=5, TEMPERATURE=600, PRESSURE=60, PHASE=V, &
RATE(WT)=4000, COMPOSITION(M)=1,100
PROPERTY STREAM=1REF, REFSTREAM=CRUDE
NAME CRUDE,CRUDE FEED/NAPH,NAPHTHA/KERO,KEROSENE/DIES,DIESEL/ &
GASOIL,GAS OIL/TOPPED,TOPPED CRUDE
UNIT OPERATIONS
COLUMN UID=COL1, NAME=CRUDE TOWER
PARAMETER TRAY=20,IO=15 DAMPING=0.7
FEED CRUDE,18/STM_COL,20/18,15/16,11/14,7
PRODUCT OVHD(M)=NAPH,2879, LDRAW(M)=15,8,1047, LDRAW(M)=17,12,&
575, LDRAW(M)=19,16,715, WATER(M)=DECANT,1,1105, &
BTMS(M)=TOPPED, SUPERSEDE=ON
CONDENSER TYPE=TFIX, TEMPERATURE=110
DUTY 1,1,,CONDENSER
DUTY 2,18,,SIDEHC2
DUTY 3,13,-39.9997,PAROHC1
DUTY 4,9,-50,PAROHC2
DUTY 5,2,-50,PAROHC3
PA NAME=1, FROM=14, TO=13, PHASE=L, DNAME=PAROHC1, TEMP=450
PA NAME=2, FROM=10, TO=9, PHASE=L, DNAME=PAROHC2, &
TEMP=309.999
PA NAME=3, FROM=3, TO=2, PHASE=L, DNAME=PAROHC3, TEMP=174.999
PRINT PROPTABLE=PART
ESTIMATE MODEL=REFINING, RRATIO=3
PRESSURE 1,5.29997/2,8.49993/18,12.4999/20,13
SPEC ID=COL1SPEC1, TRAY=17, RATE(LV,BBL/H), PHASE=L,WET, &
DIVIDE, STREAM=CRUDE, RATE(LV,BBL/H),TOTAL,WET, &
VALUE=0.03
SPEC ID=COL1SPEC2, STREAM=NAPH, D86(95,F), VALUE=340
VARY DNAME=CONDENSER,SIDEHC2

SIDESTRIPPER UID=SS01, NAME=KERO STRIP

PARAMETER TRAY=2,IO=15
FEED 15,1/5,2
PRODUCT OVHD(M)=14, BTMS(M)=KERO,1047, SUPERSEDE=ON
R3R - Rigorous Crude Oil Distillation Revamp Refining 2-21
 PRO/II Application Briefs
PSPEC PTOP=11.8
PRINT PROPTABLE=PART
ESTIMATE MODEL=SIMPLE
SPEC ID=SCOL1SPEC1, STREAM=KERO, D86(95,F), VALUE=520
VARY FEED=15
SIDESTRIPPER UID=SS02, NAME=DIESEL STRIP
PARAMETER TRAY=2,IO=15
FEED 17,1/4,2
PRODUCT OVHD(M)=16, BTMS(M)=DIES,575, SUPERSEDE=ON
PSPEC PTOP=12.5
PRINT PROPTABLE=PART
ESTIMATE MODEL=SIMPLE
SPEC ID=SCOL2SPEC1, STREAM=DIES, D86(95,F), VALUE=665
VARY FEED=17
SIDESTRIPPER UID=SS03, NAME=AGO STRIP
PARAMETER TRAY=2,IO=15
FEED 19,1/3,2
PRODUCT OVHD(M)=18, BTMS(M)=GASOIL,715, SUPERSEDE=ON
PSPEC PTOP=13.3
PRINT PROPTABLE=PART
ESTIMATE MODEL=SIMPLE
SPEC ID=SCOL3SPEC1, STREAM=GASOIL, TBP(95,F,VOL), VALUE=885
VARY FEED=19
FLASH UID=FL1, NAME=FEED TEMP
FEED 1REF
PRODUCT M=1A
ADIABATIC
DEFINE PRES(PSIG) AS COLUMN=COL1, TRAY=18, PRESSURE(PSIG), &
PHASE=L
DEFINE DUTY(BTU/HR) AS COLUMN=COL1, DNAME(BTU/HR)=SIDEHC2
END

Results
The simulation shows that the column can be operated to produce
the required products. The yield of each product is shown in the
Table R3-5 and Table R3-6.
The pumparound rates, furnace and condenser duties have also been
calculated along with the actual temperature of the oil leaving the
furnace.
The flash output below shows that the furnace outlet temperature is
721.7 F, while the column output shows that the flash zone is at
719.9 F.

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 PRO/II Application Briefs
The column summary can be obtained by clicking on the Generate
Report button, which generates the entire flowsheet report, or by
selecting the column and clicking View Results, which will
generate a table of results for just the column.
To view the Product Stream Summary, a report (Excel worksheet)
can be generated for the properties of all the streams by clicking
Tools /Spreadsheet / Stream Properties from the menu bar.
To generate plots for the Product Distillation Curves of your choice,
click Tools/Distillation Curve from the menu bar. Refer to the
Product Distillation Curves in the Output (Rigorous) section.

Output (Rigorous)
The column summaries show the output for the main column and
the sidestrippers. Tables may also be produced with vapor and
liquid rates, densities and transport properties, as explained in the
Results section.
The stream component output was suppressed and only the stream
summaries are printed. A sample of the stream summary is show for
both wet and dry basis properties. Part of the distillation curve
output is shown for the feed and some product streams. All pure
water streams are omitted from this output.
Finally, a comparison is presented of the analyses of the shortcut
and rigorous products.

FEED TEMPERATURE FLASH

FLASH ID FL1
NAME FEED TEMP

FEEDS 1REF

PRODUCTS MIXED 1A

TEMPERATURE, F 721.719
PRESSURE, PSIG 12.500
PRESSURE DROP, PSI 1.500
MOLE FRAC VAPOR 0.79123
MOLE FRAC TOTAL LIQUID 0.20877
MOLE FRAC H/C LIQUID 0.20877
MOLE FRAC FREE WATER 0.00000
DUTY, MM BTU/HR 318.06263
FLASH TYPE ADIABATIC-P

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 PRO/II Application Briefs

Crude Column Summary

'COL1', 'CRUDE TOWER'
ITERATIONS, MAXIMUM PER TRIAL 15
TOTAL ALL TRIALS 7

COLUMN SUMMARY
---------- NET FLOW RATES ----------- HEATER
TRAY TEMP PRESSURE LIQUID VAPOR FEED PRODUCT DUTIES
DEG F PSIG LB-MOL/HR MM BTU/HR
------ ------- -------- -------- -------- --------- --------- ------------
1C 110.0 5.30 3124.3 2898.5L -148.1739
1076.5W
2 276.1 8.50 10572.4 7099.4 4978.1P -50.0000
3 316.1 8.75 5979.2 9569.3 4978.1P
4 345.0 9.00 5908.0 9954.3
5 362.1 9.25 5718.2 9883.0
6 376.2 9.50 5398.2 9693.2
7 392.1 9.75 4875.2 9373.2 470.8V
8 415.3 10.00 2939.0 8379.5 1255.5L
9 448.7 10.25 6590.2 7698.8 2392.9P -50.0000
10 481.9 10.50 3924.1 8957.1 2392.9P
11 515.7 10.75 3412.7 8683.9 449.5V
12 546.9 11.00 2002.1 7723.0 879.2L
13 579.2 11.25 4011.4 7191.5 1381.2P -39.9997
14 610.2 11.50 2434.7 7819.7 1381.2P
15 637.4 11.75 2012.9 7624.2 169.5V
16 662.5 12.00 510.0 7032.8 852.5L
17 697.6 12.25 129.6 6382.4
18 719.9 12.50 1458.9 6002.0 6549.4M 318.0626
19 716.5 12.75 1340.3 781.9
20 710.2 13.00 663.4 555.1V 1232.1L

SIDESTRIPPER SS01
1/ 21 400.4 11.80 1140.8 1255.5L 470.8V
2/ 22 384.4 11.80 356.1 222.0V 1006.8L

SIDESTRIPPER SS02
1/ 23 533.3 12.50 785.2 879.2L 449.5V
2/ 24 517.2 12.50 355.5 249.8V 679.5L

SIDESTRIPPER SS03
1/ 25 659.4 13.30 816.5 852.5L 169.5V
2/ 26 653.4 13.30 133.5 83.3V 766.2L

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 PRO/II Application Briefs
FEED AND PRODUCT STREAMS

TYPE STREAM PHASEFROM TO LIQUID FLOW RATES HEAT RATES

TRAY TRAY FRAC LB-MOL/HR MM BTU/HR
----- ------------ ------ ---- ---- ------ ------------ ------------
FEED 14 VAPOR 7 0.0000 470.78 16.2356
FEED 16 VAPOR 11 0.0000 449.46 20.8956
FEED 18 VAPOR 15 0.0000 169.51 11.1690
FEED CRUDE MIXED 18 0.5865 6549.38 360.5470
FEED STM_COL VAPOR 20 0.0000 555.09 13.3041
PROD NAPH LIQUID 1 2898.49 10.8555
PROD DECANT WATER 1 1076.54 1.5117
PROD 15 LIQUID 8 1255.50 42.4484
PROD 17 LIQUID 12 879.17 58.0059
PROD 19 LIQUID 16 852.47 95.2713
PROD TOPPED LIQUID 20 1232.06 243.9409

SIDESTRIPPER SS01
FEED 15 LIQUID 21 1.0000 1255.50 42.4484
FEED 5 VAPOR 22 0.0000 222.04 5.3216
PROD 14 VAPOR 21 470.78 16.2356
PROD KERO LIQUID 22 1006.76 31.5354

SIDESTRIPPER SS02
FEED 17 LIQUID 23 1.0000 879.17 58.0059
FEED 4 VAPOR 24 0.0000 249.79 5.9868
PROD 16 VAPOR 23 449.46 20.8956
PROD DIES LIQUID 24 679.50 43.0980

SIDESTRIPPER SS03
FEED 19 LIQUID 25 1.0000 852.47 95.2713
FEED 3 VAPOR 26 0.0000 83.26 1.9956
PROD 18 VAPOR 25 169.51 11.1690
PROD GASOIL LIQUID 26 766.22 86.1003

OVERALL MOLE BALANCE, (FEEDS - PRODUCTS) -5.5072E-13

OVERALL HEAT BALANCE, (H(IN) - H(OUT) ) 2.3742E-03

PUMPAROUNDS

TRAY TEMP, DEG F LIQUID FRACTION ------------ RATES -------------

FROM TO FROM TO FROM TO LB-MOL/HR M LB/HR STD BBL/HR
---- ---- ------- ------- ------- ------- ---------- ---------- ----------
14 13 610.2 450.0 1.0000 1.0000 1381.22 382.284 1239.56
10 9 481.9 310.0 1.0000 1.0000 2392.87 483.761 1644.22
3 2 316.1 175.0 1.0000 1.0000 4978.13 653.666 2380.72

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 PRO/II Application Briefs
SPECIFICATIONS

SPECIFICATION PARAMETER TRAY COMP SPECIFICATION SPECIFIED CALCULATED

NUMBER TYPE NO NO TYPE VALUE VALUE
------------- --------- ---- ------ ------------- ---------- ----------
1 (ACTIVE) TRAY LIQ 17 LV RATIO 3.000E-02 2.999E-02
2 (ACTIVE) STRM NAPH 1 D86 95 PCT 3.400E+02 3.400E+02
3 (ACTIVE) STRM KERO 22 D86 95 PCT 5.200E+02 5.200E+02
4 (ACTIVE) STRM DIES 24 D86 95 PCT 6.650E+02 6.650E+02
5 (ACTIVE) STRM GASO 26 TBP 95 PCT 8.850E+02 8.850E+02

Product stream Summary

STREAM ID CRUDE DECANT DIES GASOIL
NAME CRUDE FEED DIESEL GAS OIL
PHASE MIXED WATER WET LIQUID WET LIQUID
----- TOTAL STREAM -----
RATE, LB-MOL/HR 6549.378 1076.537 679.503 766.220
M LB/HR 1541.621 19.394 169.474 253.406
TEMPERATURE, F 450.000 110.000 517.193 653.354
PRESSURE, PSIG 14.000 5.300 12.500 13.300
MOLECULAR WEIGHT 235.384 18.015 249.409 330.722
ENTHALPY, MM BTU/HR 360.547 1.512 43.098 86.100
BTU/LB 233.875 77.949 254.304 339.773
MOLE FRACTION LIQUID 0.59468 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000
MOLE FRACTION FREE WATER 0.00000 1.00000 0.00000 0.00000

----- TOTAL VAPOR ------

RATE, LB-MOL/HR 2654.579 N/A N/A N/A
M LB/HR 280.096 N/A N/A N/A
M FT3/HR 872.218 N/A N/A N/A
STD VAP RATE(1), M FT3/HR 1007.369 N/A N/A N/A
MOLECULAR WEIGHT 105.514 N/A N/A N/A
ENTHALPY, BTU/LB 339.865 N/A N/A N/A
CP, BTU/LB-F 0.558 N/A N/A N/A
DENSITY, LB/M FT3 321.129 N/A N/A N/A
Z (FROM DENSITY) 0.9658 N/A N/A N/A
THERMAL COND, BTU/HR-FT-F 0.02019 N/A N/A N/A
VISCOSITY, CP 0.01068 N/A N/A N/A

----- TOTAL LIQUID -----

RATE, LB-MOL/HR 3894.799 1076.537 679.503 766.220
M LB/HR 1261.525 19.394 169.474 253.406
BBL/HR 4621.459 55.843 692.329 1040.250
GAL/MIN 3235.011 39.090 484.629 728.173
STD LIQ RATE, BBL/HR 3928.305 55.410 557.898 799.710
MOLECULAR WEIGHT 323.900 18.015 249.409 330.722
ENTHALPY, BTU/LB 210.343 77.949 254.304 339.773

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 PRO/II Application Briefs
STREAM ID CRUDE DECANT DIES GASOIL
CP, BTU/LB-F 0.610 0.998 0.653 0.702
DENSITY, LB/BBL 272.971 347.290 244.789 243.601
Z (FROM DENSITY) 0.0196 9.5261E-04 0.0148 0.0179
SURFACE TENSION, DYNE/CM 16.2948 69.0983 13.2053 11.4292
TH COND, BTU/HR-FT-F 0.04306 0.36596 0.04287 0.03743
VISCOSITY, CP 0.44189 0.61202 0.26645 0.26360

------ DRY STREAM ------

RATE, LB-MOL/HR 6549.378 N/A 672.695 760.403
M LB/HR 1541.621 N/A 169.352 253.301
STD LIQ RATE, BBL/HR 4999.990 N/A 557.548 799.411
MOLECULAR WEIGHT 235.384 N/A 251.751 333.114
MOLE FRACTION LIQUID 0.5947 N/A 1.0000 1.0000
REDUCED TEMP (KAYS RULE) 0.7195 N/A 0.7049 0.7355
PRES (KAYS RULE) 0.0870 N/A 0.1092 0.1346
ACENTRIC FACTOR 0.5777 N/A 0.6483 0.8208
WATSON K (UOPK) 11.767 N/A 11.732 11.732
STD LIQ DENSITY, LB/BBL 308.325 N/A 303.744 316.860
SPECIFIC GRAVITY 0.8805 N/A 0.8674 0.9049
API GRAVITY 29.200 N/A 31.624 24.872
------ DRY VAPOR -------
RATE, LB-MOL/HR 2654.579 N/A N/A N/A
M LB/HR 280.096 N/A N/A N/A
M FT3/HR 872.218 N/A N/A N/A
STD VAP RATE(1), M FT3/HR 1007.369 N/A N/A N/A
SPECIFIC GRAVITY (AIR=1.0) 3.643 N/A N/A N/A
MOLECULAR WEIGHT 105.514 N/A N/A N/A
CP, BTU/LB-F 0.558 N/A N/A N/A
DENSITY, LB/M FT3 321.129 N/A N/A N/A
THERMAL COND, BTU/HR-FT-F 0.02019 N/A N/A N/A
VISCOSITY, CP 0.01068 N/A N/A N/A
------ DRY LIQUID ------
RATE, LB-MOL/HR 3894.799 N/A 672.695 760.403
M LB/HR 1261.525 N/A 169.352 253.301
BBL/HR 4621.459 N/A 691.874 1039.744
GAL/MIN 3235.011 N/A 484.310 727.819
STD LIQ RATE, BBL/HR 3928.305 N/A 557.548 799.411
SPECIFIC GRAVITY (H2O=1.0) 0.9171 N/A 0.8674 0.9049
MOLECULAR WEIGHT 323.900 N/A 251.751 333.114
CP, BTU/LB-F 0.610 N/A 0.653 0.701
DENSITY, LB/BBL 272.971 N/A 244.773 243.619
SURFACE TENSION, DYNE/CM 16.2948 N/A 13.1229 11.4806
THERMAL COND, BTU/HR-FT-F 0.04306 N/A 0.04285 0.03743
VISCOSITY, CP 0.44189 N/A 0.26872 0.26560

(1) STANDARD VAPOR VOLUME IS 379.49 FT3/LB-MOLE (60 F AND 14.696 PSIA)

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 PRO/II Application Briefs

Product stream Summary (Continued)

STREAM ID CRUDE DECANT DIES GASOIL
NAME CRUDE FEED DIESEL GAS OIL
PHASE MIXED WATER WET LIQUID WET LIQUID

----- TOTAL STREAM -----

RATE, LB-MOL/HR 6549.378 1076.537 679.503 766.220
M LB/HR 1541.621 19.394 169.474 253.406
TEMPERATURE, F 450.000 110.000 517.193 653.354
PRESSURE, PSIG 14.000 5.300 12.500 13.300
MOLECULAR WEIGHT 235.384 18.015 249.409 330.722
ENTHALPY, MM BTU/HR 360.547 1.512 43.098 86.100
BTU/LB 233.875 77.949 254.304 339.773
MOLE FRACTION LIQUID 0.59468 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000
MOLE FRACTION FREE WATER 0.00000 1.00000 0.00000 0.00000

----- TOTAL VAPOR ------

RATE, LB-MOL/HR 2654.579 N/A N/A N/A
M LB/HR 280.096 N/A N/A N/A
M FT3/HR 872.218 N/A N/A N/A
STD VAP RATE(1), M FT3/HR 1007.369 N/A N/A N/A
MOLECULAR WEIGHT 105.514 N/A N/A N/A
ENTHALPY, BTU/LB 339.865 N/A N/A N/A
CP, BTU/LB-F 0.558 N/A N/A N/A
DENSITY, LB/M FT3 321.129 N/A N/A N/A
Z (FROM DENSITY) 0.9658 N/A N/A N/A
THERMAL COND, BTU/HR-FT-F 0.02019 N/A N/A N/A
VISCOSITY, CP 0.01068 N/A N/A N/A

----- TOTAL LIQUID -----

RATE, LB-MOL/HR 3894.799 1076.537 679.503 766.220
M LB/HR 1261.525 19.394 169.474 253.406
BBL/HR 4621.459 55.843 692.329 1040.250
GAL/MIN 3235.011 39.090 484.629 728.173
STD LIQ RATE, BBL/HR 3928.305 55.410 557.898 799.710
MOLECULAR WEIGHT 323.900 18.015 249.409 330.722
ENTHALPY, BTU/LB 210.343 77.949 254.304 339.773
CP, BTU/LB-F 0.610 0.998 0.653 0.702
DENSITY, LB/BBL 272.971 347.290 244.789 243.601
Z (FROM DENSITY) 0.0196 9.5261E-04 0.0148 0.0179
SURFACE TENSION, DYNE/CM 16.2948 69.0983 13.2053 11.4292
TH COND, BTU/HR-FT-F 0.04306 0.36596 0.04287 0.03743
VISCOSITY, CP 0.44189 0.61202 0.26645 0.26360

2-28 Refining R3R - Rigorous Crude Oil Distillation Revamp

 PRO/II Application Briefs

Product stream Summary (Continued)

STREAM ID CRUDE DECANT DIES GASOIL
------ DRY STREAM ------
RATE, LB-MOL/HR 6549.378 N/A 672.695 760.403
M LB/HR 1541.621 N/A 169.352 253.301
STD LIQ RATE, BBL/HR 4999.990 N/A 557.548 799.411
MOLECULAR WEIGHT 235.384 N/A 251.751 333.114
MOLE FRACTION LIQUID 0.5947 N/A 1.0000 1.0000
REDUCED TEMP (KAYS RULE) 0.7195 N/A 0.7049 0.7355
PRES (KAYS RULE) 0.0870 N/A 0.1092 0.1346
ACENTRIC FACTOR 0.5777 N/A 0.6483 0.8208
WATSON K (UOPK) 11.767 N/A 11.732 11.732
STD LIQ DENSITY, LB/BBL 308.325 N/A 303.744 316.860
SPECIFIC GRAVITY 0.8805 N/A 0.8674 0.9049
API GRAVITY 29.200 N/A 31.624 24.872

------ DRY VAPOR -------

RATE, LB-MOL/HR 2654.579 N/A N/A N/A
M LB/HR 280.096 N/A N/A N/A
M FT3/HR 872.218 N/A N/A N/A
STD VAP RATE(1), M FT3/HR 1007.369 N/A N/A N/A
SPECIFIC GRAVITY (AIR=1.0) 3.643 N/A N/A N/A
MOLECULAR WEIGHT 105.514 N/A N/A N/A
CP, BTU/LB-F 0.558 N/A N/A N/A
DENSITY, LB/M FT3 321.129 N/A N/A N/A
THERMAL COND, BTU/HR-FT-F 0.02019 N/A N/A N/A
VISCOSITY, CP 0.01068 N/A N/A N/A

------ DRY LIQUID ------

RATE, LB-MOL/HR 3894.799 N/A 672.695 760.403
M LB/HR 1261.525 N/A 169.352 253.301
BBL/HR 4621.459 N/A 691.874 1039.744
GAL/MIN 3235.011 N/A 484.310 727.819
STD LIQ RATE, BBL/HR 3928.305 N/A 557.548 799.411
SPECIFIC GRAVITY (H2O=1.0) 0.9171 N/A 0.8674 0.9049
MOLECULAR WEIGHT 323.900 N/A 251.751 333.114
CP, BTU/LB-F 0.610 N/A 0.653 0.701
DENSITY, LB/BBL 272.971 N/A 244.773 243.619
SURFACE TENSION, DYNE/CM 16.2948 N/A 13.1229 11.4806
THERMAL COND, BTU/HR-FT-F 0.04306 N/A 0.04285 0.03743
VISCOSITY, CP 0.44189 N/A 0.26872 0.26560

(1) STANDARD VAPOR VOLUME IS 379.49 FT3/LB-MOLE (60 F AND 14.696 PSIA)

R3R - Rigorous Crude Oil Distillation Revamp Refining 2-29

 PRO/II Application Briefs
The user can generate a new plot to demonstrate crude distillations.
To create a plot, click Tools/Distillation Curve for each of the
product stream and crude (or any other stream of your choice) and
run a TBP curve at 760 mm Hg (for this particular example).
Export the plot of each stream to Excel and then manually add them
together. Generate a plot for these values.
A snapshot of the Crude TBP Plots is shown below.

Figure R3-18: Composite Crude Distillation Curves

2-30 Refining R3R - Rigorous Crude Oil Distillation Revamp

 PRO/II Application Briefs

Comparison of Shortcut and Rigorous Results

The product qualities are compared below:
Table R3-5: ASTM D86 (F)

LV % Naphtha Kerosene Diesel Oil Gas Oil

SC Rig SC Rig SC Rig SC Rig
1 -52 -52 358 302 508 447 589 490
5 78 79 380 378 530 516 635 624
10 130 131 389 393 538 533 648 650
30 185 188 411 412 566 566 688 695
50 217 218 433 433 587 590 717 724
70 261 264 460 459 607 611 744 752
90 314 317 500 499 647 649 816 819
95 340 340 520 520 665 665 842 842
98 375 375 556 564 699 699 890 888
Bbl/hr 1085 1101 637 611 466 558 806 799
API 61.54 61.31 40.64 40.53 31.72 31.60 25.10 24.86

Table R3-6: TBP at 760 mm Hg

LV % Gas Oil Topped Crude

SC Rig SC Rig
1 514 422 434 573
5 612 605 695 720
10 638 641 749 768
30 691 698 871 885
50 729 735 975 992
70 771 779 1173 1190
90 850 853 1449 1456
95 885 885 1524 1527
98 951 949 1569 1574
Bbl/hr 806 799 2005 1931
API 25.10 24.86 13.94 13.43

There is good agreement between the 5% and 95% points,

especially towards the top of the column. The fractionation on the
product front ends (1-5%) is sharper with the shortcut model, while
the rigorous simulation predicts better fractionation on the tail ends
R3R - Rigorous Crude Oil Distillation Revamp Refining 2-31
 PRO/II Application Briefs
(95-98%). This is largely due to the simplifying assumptions of the
shortcut model and the presence of the sidestrippers in the rigorous
simulation.
Because of the simplification in the way the steam feeds are
handled in the shortcut model, the product temperatures do not
match. The rigorous values should always be used.

2-32 Refining R3R - Rigorous Crude Oil Distillation Revamp