Cream Formulation of Wuluh Starfruit Leaf Extract (Averrhoa bilimbi L.

)
Rizky Eka Tisnadiyah
Al-Ghifari University, Bandung.

Abstract

Belimbing wuluh leaves (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) can serve as antiacne, in the leaves of belimbing wuluh
(Averrhoa bilimbi L.) contained active substances that can inhibit the growth of bacteria such as
Staphylococcus aureus. This research aims to get formula cream of leaf extract Belimbing wuluh
(Averrhoa bilimbi L.) that is stable, secure, and convenient to use. This research includes
determination of the plant, extraction, screening phytochemicals, optimization of the base,
formulation of cream, and evaluation of the cream. Evaluation of the cream include organoleptic
(colour, aroma and forms), homogenity, pH, viscosity, power test leached creams, type of cream,
irritation and hedonic. The result of the plants used in this research is Belimbing wuluh leaves
Averrhoa bilimbi L., extraction of belimbing wuluh leaves was performed using a maseration method
with 17% extract rendemen. On the result of screening Phytochemical extract and dried simplisia of
(Averrhoa bilimbi L.) contains alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponin. The result of the evaluation
showed that a third of formula qualified the cream is good, secure and didn’t irritate. The most
stable, secure and comfortable cream formula was the second one, that was (Averrhoa bilimbi L.).
Research results from data day to 0-28 showed a pH of 5,5-6,5 cream is still in the range of pH is safe
for topical, result showed a viscosity day to 0-28 a stable viscosity increase, the result of irritation to
be tested to 5 respondent did not result in irritants such as erythema and edema in this case showed
that the cream of formula 2 is safe to use. Based on the hedonic test is carried out by means of a
detailed quisioner to give 20 respondents, showed the most formula favored by respondents from
the third formula is the formula 2.
Keywords: Belimbing wuluh leaves, antiacne, cream
Introduction
Wuluh starfruit (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) is one type of plant that is often used as traditional
medicine. Wuluh starfruit leaves are used as traditional medicine because there are active
substances in the leaves of starfruit which can inhibit bacterial growth. Acne treatment is
one of them by utilizing belimbung wuluh leaf extract, where extracts of Wuluh starfruit
leaves can affect the growth of infectious bacteria (Hayati et al., 2010). Wuluh starfruit
leaves contain flavonoids, saponins, tannins, sulfur, formic acid, peroxidase, calcium oxalate,
and potassium citrate (Faharani, 2008). Based on the results of several studies in the leaves
of starfruit contain secondary metabolites, namely flavonoids so that the active compound
can be used as an antibacterial. To make it easier for the community to use the leaves of the
star fruit, then preparations are commonly used topically, namely cream. (Nugroho, 2013).

Method
1) Plant collection
2) Determination of plants
3) Extract of wuluh starfruit leaves
4) Simplicia phytochemical screening and extract of wuluh starfruit leaves
5) Cream formulation of wuluh starfruit leaf extract
6) Evaluation of cream of wuluh starfruit leaf extract

Plant Material Collection

The collection of Wuluh starfruit leaves (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) was carried out at the Manoko
Lembang Experimental Plantation, West Bandung, West Java.

Plant Determination
Plant determination was carried out at Jatinangor Herbarium, Biology Plant Taxonomy Laboratory,
FMIPA, Padjadjaran University (UNPAD), Bandung.

Extract of Wuluh Starfruit Leaves

Making extracts by maceration method is by using suitable solvents, solvents that can trace
most, secondary metabolites contained in simplicia, namely 70% ethanol. Add as much as
200 grams into the maserator, adding 10 parts of the solvent. Soak for the first 6 hours
while stirring occasionally, then let stand for 18 hours. Maserates are separated by
precipitation, centrifugation, decantation or filtration. The resumption process is repeated
at least twice with the same type and amount of solvent. Collect all maserates, then
evaporate with vacuum vaporizers or low pressure vaporizers until thick extracts are
obtained (Herbal Pharmacopoeia, 2008).
Alkaloids
the extract of the starfruit leaves was put in a test tube, then added a few drops of mayer
and Wagner reagent. Positive samples contain alkaloids if white deposits are formed when
Mayer reagents are added and chocolate deposits are formed when added by Wagner
reagent.

Tannin
A small amount of sample in a test tube is heated above the water level. Then filtered. To the filtrate
added a few drops of FeCl3 1% and the formation of greenish brown or blackish blue indicates the
presence of tannins (Harbone, 2007).

flavonoids
extract of starfruit leaves entered into the test tube, then added concentrated Mg and HCl powder,
then shaken until the powder of Mg dissolves. positive results are indicated by the formation of red,
yellow or orange (Harbone, 2006)

saponin
Wuluh starfruit leaf extract is inserted in a test tube, then hot water is added and shaken quickly.
The formation of foam that is stable for more than 10 minutes shows the presence of saponins

Cream Formation of Starfruit Leaf Extract

How to make cream :

All the required ingredients are weighed, then the oil phase (liquid paraffin, cetyl alcohol, and
nipasol) is transferred in a vaporizer cup, heated over a water bath at a temperature of 600-70o C
until it is melted. The water phase (Sodium lauryl sulfate, propylenglycol, nipagine, ascorbic acid and
aquadest) is heated above the water at temperatures of 600-70o C until melting. The oil phase is
transferred into a mortar and the phase of water is stirred until cool and a homogeneous cream
period is formed. Then, mixing the extract of the starfruit leaves into the cream base is stirred again
until the cream is formed. Add 15 drops of oleum rosae to stir until homogeneous.

Evaluation of Wuluh Starfruit Leaf Extract Cream

a) Organoleptic Test
Observations are made visually by looking at shapes, colors and smells. This is done to find
out which creams are made according to the color and smell of the extract used (Arifin,
2010).

b) Homogeneity Test
Homogeneity checks are carried out by using the object's glass method. A certain amount of
preparation is applied to a piece of glass or other transparent material that is suitable to
produce a homogeneous and non-coarse grain preparation (Lubis, 2012).

c) pH test
Cream preparations were measured using a pH meter calibrated using a buffer solution of pH 4 and
7. Weighed as much as 1 gram of cream and diluted with 10 ml of distilled water. Then input the pH
meter with the sensor part and read the pH on the monitor (Juwita et al., 2013).

d) Viscosity Test
The cream viscosity was measured using LV viscometer Brook Field and each formula was replicated
three times. The preparation of 30 grams is put into a 30 gram ointment pot, then a spindle and
rotor are installed. The results of viscosity were recorded after the viscometer needle showed a
stable number after five rounds, the viscosity measurement was carried out every week for 1 month
(Bayuaji et al., 2012).
e) Cream Type Test
Test this type of cream using the coloring method. The cream is applied to the glass object, then
dripped with methylene blue and observe the changes that occur with the microscope. If methylene
blue spreads evenly, then the cream type is M / A and if methylene blue is separated, then the
cream type is A / M (Arifin, 2010).

f) Cream Washed Power Test

Performed by means of 1 gram of cream, applied to the palm of the hand then washed with a
volume of water while rinsing the hands. Water is passed from the burette slowly, observing visually
the presence or absence of cream remaining on the palm of the hand, note the volume of water
used (Yenti, 2011).

g) Irritation Test
An irritation test is carried out on humans by means of a closed patch test. The cream is weighed as
much as 0.1 grams and then applied to the inner arm with a diameter of 2 cm, then covered with
gauze and tape. See symptoms that occur after 24 hours, for 3 consecutive days. This research was
conducted on 5 panelists (Wathorini et al., 2009).

h) Hedonic Test
Hedonic test is carried out by analyzing according to the test of preference (parameters of
aroma, texture, and color of preparation) using 20 panelists who were given samples of
cream preparations. To see the level of respondents' preference for cream preparations
based on each parameter, a numerical scale is used, namely 0 (strongly dislike), 1
(somewhat dislike), 2 (neutral), 3 (somewhat like), 4 (very like), 5 (very very like) (Panjaitan,
2012).

Results

Plant Determination

The results of the determination showed that the plants used in this study were Averrhoa
bilimbi L. with the local name Belimbing Wuluh. The purpose of determination is to prove
the truth of the plants used in the study.

Extract of Wuluh Starfruit Leaves

The yield of Wuluh starfruit extract:

Weight of simplicia Weight of extract Results of yield
(g) (g) (%)
500 85 17

Phytochemical Screening
Phytochemical screening was carried out on the simplicia of extract of the starfruit leaves (Averrhoa
bilimbi L.) to examine the presence of secondary metabolites. In general, these compounds include
alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins.

The results of phytochemical screening from Wuluh starfruit leaves:

Metabolit Simplicia Extract

Secondary
Alkaloids + +
Flavonoid + +
Tannin + +
Saponin + +
Evaluation of Wuluh Starfruit Leaf Extract Cream

1) Organoleptic

No Formula Organoleptic Day

0 7 14 21 28
Form HS HS HS HS HS
1 F1 Color AG AG AG AG AG
Aroma FR FR FR FR FR
Form HS HS HS HS HS
2 F2 Color AG AG AG AG AG
Aroma FR FR FR FR FR
Form HS HS HS HS HS
3 F3 Color AG AG AG AG AG
Aroma FR FR FR FR FR

2) Homogeneity of the cream of the starfruit leaf extract

Homogeneity Cream
No Formula (days to)
0 7 14 21 28
1 F1 H H H H H
2 F2 H H H H H
3 F3 H H H H H

3) pH
4) Viscosity

5) Cream Type

The results of the three formulations showed that the three cream formulations of the
starfruit leaf extract showed M/A type cream. Where when the cream that has been
smeared on the glass of the object is pressed with methylene blue, the results show
that methylene blue is spread evenly. This is due to the nature of methylene blue which
is soluble in water and insoluble in oil.

6) Cream Washed Power

The examination of cream washed power in the formula I, II and III with a level of
10.5%. The formula I cream can be washed well by 22 ml of distilled water, the formula
II cream can be washed with 20 ml of distilled water, and the formula III cream can be
washed with 28 ml of distilled water. This washed power is related to the type of oil
cream in water (M/A) which will be easier to wash than the type of water in oil (A/M).
7) Irritation Test

Irritation Test
No Formula
1 2 3 4 5
1 F1 - - - - -
2 F2 - - - - -
3 F3 - - - - -

8) Hedonic Test

This study conducted a preference test on respondents through questionnaires. On

this occasion formulas 1, 2, 3 were tested on respondents, 20 respondents gave their
opinions on the texture, color, and aroma of formula 1, 2 and 3 cream. From the
results of the hedonic test, the results showed that respondents liked formulas 1, 2,
3 in terms of texture, color and cream aroma.
Conclusion

The cream formula of stable star fruit extract which is stable, safe and comfortable to use is
based on the evaluation results of the preparation is formula 2, namely 10,5% belimbing
wuluh leaf extract, tween 80 2,5%, span 80 2,4%, cetyl alcohol 4%, Liquid paraffin 20%,
Propilenglikol 10%, Methyl Paraben 0,18%, Propyl Paraben 0,02%, Ascorbic Acid 0,5%,
Oleum rosae 15 drops, Aquadest ad 50 ml.
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