Ae‡PZb Ges KweZv

iwdKDj−vn Lvb

mvwnZ¨ n‡jv Ae‡PZ‡bi eûwewPÎ wµqv-cÖwZwµqvi kã-cÖwZwe¤^| Avi KweZv n‡”Q gvby‡li Abyfe,
wPšÍv I Av‡e‡Mi kã-wPÎ-aŸwb I m½xZgq iƒcKí| Aek¨ wMÖKiv Zuv‡`i mymse× ÁvbPP©vi hvÎvj‡MœB
Abyfekw³ (feeling) I wPšÍv‡K (Thinking) gvbewe`¨vi Ab¨Zg `yB kvLv Ñ h_vµ‡g
AjsKvikv¯¿ (rhetofric) Ges hyw³we`¨vi Aš—f©y³ K‡iwQ‡jb (Rayner 1995 : 8); Ges †c−‡Zv-
Avwi¯—Zj `k©b I weÁvbPP©vi mgvš—iv‡j mvwnZ¨‡KI Avbyaveb I e¨vL¨vi Ab¨Zg c×wZ wn‡m‡e MÖnY
K‡ib| wk‡íi BwZnv‡m KweZvi AvwacZ¨ I cÖfve me©MÖvmx n‡jI hyw³we`¨vi MvwYwZK k„•Ljv
me©‡¶‡ÎB KweZv I Ab¨vb¨ mvwnZ¨iƒc e¨vL¨vi wfbœ aviv wPwýZ K‡i‡Q| Avi hyw³we`¨v `k©bkv‡¯¿i
Ab¨Zg k„•Ljv n‡jI Awawe`¨v, bxwZkv¯¿, ÁvbZË¡ I b›`bZË¡ mgev‡q gvbewe`¨vi GK MwZkxj I
eûwe¯Ívix kvLvq cwiYZ nq| gvbeÁv‡bi avivevwnKZv I cÖ‡qvR‡b mgqci¤úivq A¼kv¯¿, b„ZË¡,
g‡bvwe`¨v, BwZnvm Ggb wK dwjZ weÁvbI GKmgq `k©bkv‡¯¿i PP©v I we‡køl‡Yi AvIZvfy³ nq|
`k©‡bi g‡Zv mvwn‡Z¨iI m~Pbv I weKvk †KŠZ~nj I we¯§‡qi ga¨ w`‡q| gvby‡li Av‡eMag©‡K mvwnZ¨
†hfv‡e g~j¨vqb K‡i, gvbeÁv‡bi Ab¨vb¨ kvLv Zv K‡i bv| wMÖKiv GgbwK weMZ kZvãxi wPš—v-
we`ivI Zuv‡`i †hvMv‡hvMg~jK ÁvbPP©vi †¶‡Î Abyfekw³ A‡c¶v Av‡iv GK avc wb‡P RvqMv K‡i
†`b Av‡e‡Mi : Emotion was often seen as a mere disruption or immature form of
logical reasoning which was viewed as the supreme achievement of the human
mind. (Rayner 1995: 8)| Abyfekw³i g~j¨vq‡b Av‡e‡Mi ¸i“Z¡‡K Luv‡Uv K‡i †`Lvi †Kv‡bv
Dcvq †bB| cÖ_g ch©v‡qi g‡bvweÁvbxivI we‡k−lY cÖZ¨vMwZ wKsev my¯úó †hŠw³K wPšÍvi †¶‡Î Av‡eM
†_‡K `~‡i †_‡K‡Qb| hw`I Abyfe I wPš—v Df‡qi m‡½B Av‡e‡Mi i‡q‡Q Mfxi m¤úK©| eyw×ev`x
cÖvYx gvbyl AvZ¥ÖcÖKv‡ki DÏxcK wn‡m‡e †h Av‡eMag© e¨envi Ki‡eb, Zvi GKwU gvbweK wbqg-
k„•Ljv Aek¨B _vK‡e| mvwnZ¨-wkí e¨vL¨vi †¶‡Î Avgiv gb, Av‡eM, Abyf~wZ, ¯^cœ, Kíbv cÖf„wZ
cÖc eûj cwigv‡Y e¨envi Kwi| wKš‘ cwigv‡ci †Kv‡bv R¨vwgwZK k„•Ljv †mLv‡b _v‡K bv| D‡jøL¨
†h, ÁvbPP©vi weÁvbm¤§Z avivwUB n‡”Q cÖwZmvg¨gq (Symmetrical ) wek kZKx hyw³we`¨vi PP©vi
†¶‡Î wØ-hyw³ ev evB-j¨wRK-Gi (Bi-logic) Ab¨Zg cÖe³v B‡MœwmI gv‡Ë eøv‡¼v I Zuvi Abymvixiv
hyw³k„•Ljvi cÖPwjZ aviYvi †¶‡Î wec−evZ¥K cwieZ©b m~Î wb‡`©k K‡ib| gv‡Ë e−¨v‡¼v Zuvi hyMvš—Kvix
The Unconscious as Infinite sets : An Essay in Bi-Logic (1975) MÖ‡š’ e‡jb: In
mathematics and physics, the (Space of one dimension) is conceived as formed
by a series of points each next to the other and each having of two neighbours;
each point occupies a definite position with regards to the others. In other word
as in the case of the physico-mathematical treatment of time, this entails
asymmetry. (Matte Blanco 1998: 41)| wZwb we‡k−lY K‡i †`wL‡q‡Qb †h, GKgvwÎK †iLv,
†¶Î ev e‡M©i web¨vm wba©vwiZ avivi evB‡i †M‡jB wek„•Ljv N‡U cÖwZmv‡g¨i | Avevi cwim‡ii
†¶‡ÎI cªPwjZ c`v_© I R¨vwgwZK wbqgwei“× wKQy †`Lv w`‡j m„wó nq AmvgÄm¨ ev AcÖwZmvg¨
(asymmetry) | AvcvZ`„wó‡Z AcÖvmw½K g‡b n‡jI, cÖm½wU D‡j−‡Li KviY, Ae‡PZ‡bi e¨vL¨v
m~‡ÎB gv‡Ë e−v‡¼v GB cÖm‡½i AeZviYv K‡i‡Qb| Thinking, Feeling and Being (1988)
MÖ‡š’ e−v‡¼vi GB wØ-hyw³i aviYv g‡bv‡ivM, Ggb wK wPwKrmvwe`¨v ch©š— m¤cÖmvwiZ n‡q‡Q| j¶Yxq
†h, gv‡Ë eøv‡¼v Zuvi wPš—vm~Î wn‡m‡eB †Kej bq, ch©‡e¶Y I we‡k−l‡Yi ‡gŠj welq wn‡m‡e MÖnY
K‡i‡Qb d«‡qWxq wPwKrmve¨e¯’v, ¯^cœe¨vL¨v I gvbegb¯—‡Ë¡i Mfxi Abykxjb‡K| †Kbbv, wmMgyÛ
dÖ‡qW-B cÖ_g Ab¨‡`i †_‡K A‡bK †ewk K‡i ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡ib `yBRb gvby‡li cvi¯úwiK
Abyf~wZ Av`vb-cÖ`vb, evK¨-wewbgq I Mfxi wPš—vi cÖK…wZ Ñ hv g~jZ M‡o I‡V Av‡e‡Mi Ici wfwË
K‡i (Rayner : 9)| wZwbB cÖ_g cÖYvwje×fv‡e gvby‡li Av‡eM‡Kw›`ªK AvPiY‡K ch©‡e¶Y I g~j¨vqb
Ki‡jb| Av‡e‡Mi cwieZ©‡bi j¶¨‡K mvg‡b †i‡L Abyf~wZ Gfv‡eB †kl ch©š— n‡q I‡V ÁvbPP©vi
GK cÖavb †¶Î (Freud naturally saw deception and truthfulness in both feeling and
thinking (Rayner : ibid)| hyw³i mgvšÍivj cÖengvb `yÕwU avivi weÁvbm¤§Z e¨vL¨v gbtmgxÿY
PP©vi †ÿ‡Î ‡h bZzb Dccøe mvab K‡i‡Q, Zv‡Z m‡›`n †bB|

2
Ae‡PZb ev unconscious Ñ GB gvÎveûj wbM~p Zvrch©en kãeÜ wek kZ‡Ki g‡bvweÁvb,
hyw³we`¨v Ges mvwnZ¨-wkífvebv‡K e¨vcKfv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡i‡Q| Gi KviY wewPÎ| weÁvb, cyivY,
BwZnvmZË¡ I hyw³we`¨vi evB‡iI gvbweKx we`¨vi cÖvq cÖwZ ¯—‡i g‡bvweÁv‡bi GB cÖc cÖvmw½K
PP©vi welq n‡q D‡V‡Q| Aek¨ Ae‡PZb kãwU cÖ_g Avwe®‹vi K‡ib Aóv`k kZvãxi Rvg©vb `vk©wbK
wµ‡÷vdvi wi‡Rj| Bs‡iwR fvlvi m‡½ Gi cwiPq NUvb Kwe-cÖvewÜK m¨vgy‡qj †UBji †Kv‡jwiR|
wi‡Rj‡K ejv nq †ivg¨vw›UK `vk©wbK Avi †ivgvw›UK Kve¨ Av‡›`vj‡b †Kv‡jwi‡Rq f~wgKv I Ae`v‡bi
K_v Avgiv mevB Kg‡ewk Rvwb| cwifvlvwUi cÖv_wgK iƒc wQj A‡e‡PZb gb (unconscious
mind)| gvbeg‡bi GKUv we‡kl Ae¯’v‡KB G †¶‡Î m¤¢eZ Ae‡PZb gb wn‡m‡e kbv³ Kiv
n‡qwQj| gvby‡li Bw›`ªq‡e`¨ Ggb wKQy welq‡K fvebvm~Î wn‡m‡e MÖnY Kiv n‡qwQj, †h¸‡jv
wµqvkxj A_P inm¨gq, hvi Kvh©KviY I mgq gvby‡li AÁvZ| ¯^cœ, mnRvZ fvebv, ¯§„wZi GK
mÂiYkxj Aaiv RMr‡KB ZLb Ae‡PZb g‡bi wµqv‡¶Î g‡b Kiv n‡Zv| G †¶‡Î weÁvb ev
hyw³kv‡¯¿i †Kv‡bv Abykvmb wQj bv| gbtmgx¶Y ZË¡ wn‡m‡e cÖ_g AvZ¥cÖKvk Ki‡jI d«‡q‡Wi
ˆeÁvwbK cix¶vMv‡iB Zvi cÖv‡qvwMK Ges `„óvš—g~jK e¨vL¨vi m~ÎcvZ| d«‡qW Zuvi ZË¡e¨vL¨vi cÖ_g
chv©‡q g~jZ fvwlK Ges mvwnwZ¨K DcKiY‡KB cÖvavb¨ w`‡qwQ‡jb| cÖZxK, wPý wKsev cyivYvwkªZ
bvU‡Ki PwiÎ e¨vL¨vq wZwb Abygv‡bi IciB me©vwaK ¸i“Z¡ Av‡ivc K‡iwQ‡jb| GUv Aek¨ gvb¨ †h,
d«‡q‡Wi Avwe®‹vi wQj hyMvš—Kvix Ges gvbem¤ú‡K©i cÖPwjZ g~j¨‡eva I wek¦vm‡K hv Av‡jvwoZ
K‡iwQj cÖejfv‡e| wKš‘ gvbyl Ges ms¯‹…wZ wbw`©ó KvjL‡Êi ga¨ w`‡q AMÖmigvb| d«‡qW †_‡K RvK
juvKv, Ggb wK †`wi`v ch©š— gbtmgx¶Y-PP©vi µgci¤úiv I weeZ©Y we‡k−lY Ki‡j GB mgq I
mgvRmswk−ó gvbeRxe‡bi Aš—R©M‡Zi eû‡KŠwYK M~‰plv (Compex) G‡KKUv Kv‡ji ˆewkó¨ wb‡q
aiv c‡i| GKRb K_vwkíx wKsev Kwei evmbv‡jvK, B”Qvkw³, †PZb-Ae‡PZ‡bi RMr cÖ_gZ eY©bvi
ga¨ w`‡q, wØZxqZ Pwi‡Îi ga¨ w`‡q Ges Z…ZxqZ wKsev †jL‡Ki ¯^qsmËvi ga¨ w`‡q cÖKvk cvq|
K_vwk‡í PwiÎB n‡q I‡V wkíxi AvZ¥cÖKv‡ki evnb| Avi KweZvq Kwe wb‡RB n‡q I‡Vb cÖavb
PwiÎ| kã, wPÎKí, cÖZxK, iƒcK Ges cÖZK œ ‡íi gva¨‡g wkwígb¯—‡Ë¡i RwUj ¯—i¸‡jv cvVK ¯úk©
Ki‡Z cv‡i| gbtmgx¶Y (Psychoanalysis ) kãwU d«‡qW cÖ_g e¨envi K‡ib 1896 wLª÷v‡ã|
Zuvi cwiewZ©Z wPwKrmv c×wZ‡Z cwieZ©b mvab K‡i fvlvi Avkª‡q A_©vr K‡_vcK_‡bi gva¨‡g
wPwKrmv ïi“ K‡ib| wPwKrmK Ges wPwKrmvcÖv_©xi AvjvcPvwiZvi ga¨ w`‡qB †ivMxi Av‡ivM¨ jvf
n‡Zv| G‡K ejv n‡q‡Q Talking cure| wPwKrmvMv‡ii hš¿cvwZ A‡c¶v fvwlK Dcv`vbB G †ÿ‡Î
¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Q| GKRb gbtmgx¶‡Ki †hgb wbR¯^ GKwU gb _v‡K, M‡elYvc×wZ
_v‡K; †Zgwb GKRb †ivMxi gbI Zvi wbR¯^ Ges Zvi Amy¯’ZvI e¨w³MZ| d«‡q‡Wi e¨vL¨vq
mgwóRxeb †Zgb Zvrch© cvq wb| Ae‡PZb-D™f~Z ¯^cœ‡jv‡Ki wPÎ, wPý wKsev cÖZxK‡K wZwb †Kej
g‡bvRMr bq, gvby‡li g‡bv‰`wnK msKU I libido-i (iwZ‡PZbv) e¨vL¨vq Awbevh© Ávb K‡i‡Qb|
Zuvi mvwnwZ¨K `„óvš—¸‡jvI wQ‡jv AZxZKv‡ji| ZË¡e¨vL¨v wKsev c~e©-aviYvcÖm~Z ÔmZ¨Õ cÖwZôvi Rb¨
H me mvwnwZ¨K Dcv`b‡K wZwb e¨envi K‡i‡Qb| G†¶‡Î wk‡íi mgMÖZv‡eva A‡bK †¶‡Î wecbœ
n‡q‡Q Ges Rb¥ w`‡q‡Q weZ‡K©i| Aek¨ GL‡bv Ae‡PZb-e¨vL¨vi m~Î wn‡m‡e d«‡qW‡KB cÖavb
Aej¤^b wn‡m‡e MÖnY Ki‡Z nq| gvK©mev`x ZvwË¡K †Uwi CMjUb d«‡qWxq ZË¡ I `„wófw½i A‡bK
wKQz‡KB MÖnY‡hvM¨ g‡b K‡ib wb| Zuvi g‡Z, Ôd«‡q‡Wi ZË¡ GKwU c¨vivW· Z_v weiæ×Zvi Dci
`uvwo‡q Av‡Q : Avgiv hv nB, Zv nB †Kej H nIqvi †ÿ‡Î †h me Dcv`vb Kvh©Ki wQj †m¸‡jv‡K
cÖejfv‡e Ae`wgZ Kivi gva¨‡g| Avgiv Aek¨ G e¨vcv‡i m‡PZb bB| †hgb gvK©‡mi bvix-cyiæliv
m‡PZb bq wKfv‡e mvgvwRK cÖwµqv¸‡jv Zv‡`i Rxeb‡K wbqš¿Y Ki‡Q| e¯‘Z Avgiv G mZ¨ m¤ú‡K©
A‡PZb _vwK, †Kbbv Avgv‡`i Ac~Y© Kvgbv Avgiv †h ¯’v‡b †V‡j cvVvB ZviB bvg Ae‡PZb
(unconscious)|Õ (CMjUb 2004 : 157)| wKš‘ Zuvi wb‡gv©n e¨vLvi g‡a¨ Ae‡PZ‡bi GKUv
bZzb cvV `uvwo‡q hvq : ÔPjwZ Bs‡iwR‡Z cÖvqk ÔAe‡PZ‡bÕi (unconscious) e`‡j ÔAa©‡PZbÕ
(subconscious) K_vwU e¨eüZ nq| wKš‘ G‡Z Ae‡PZ‡bi †gŠwjK AciZv‡K (otherness)
Aeg~j¨vqb Kiv nq| KviY Gi d‡j g‡b nq GwU eywS †PZb ¯Í‡ii wb‡PB Aew¯’Z| G‡Z Ae‡PZ‡bi
Pig we¯§qKiZvI Aeg~j¨vwqZ nq, †Kbbv GwU GKvav‡i GKwU ¯’vb Ges A-¯’vb, †hwU ev¯ÍeZvi
cÖwZ cy‡ivcywi wb¯ú„n, hv †Kvb jwRK, ˆbT_©KZv, Kvh©KviY wKsev weiæ×Zv †ev‡S b; hv c‡ivcywi
cÖavebvmg~‡ni (drive) ¯^ÁvMZ µxov Ges my‡Li mÜv‡b mgwc©Z| Ae‡PZ‡b hvIqvi ÔivRc_Õ n‡jv
¯^cœ| ¯^cœ Avgv‡`i‡K ÿwYK my‡hvM G‡b †`q Ae‡PZ‡bi KvR cÖZ¨ÿ Kievi| d«‡q‡Wi g‡Z ¯^cœ
n‡jv g~jZ Ae‡PZb B”Qvi cÖZxKx c~iY| B”Qv¸‡jv cÖZxKx iƒc aviY K‡i GKvi‡Y †h, mivmwi
cÖKvwkZ n‡j Zvi AwfNv‡Z Avgv‡`i Nyg †f‡O †hZ| hv‡Z Avgv‡`i Nyg bv †f‡O hvq, †mRb¨
Ae‡PZb gb `qv K‡i Gi Avmj A_© †Mvcb, big wKsev weK…Z K‡i Dc¯’vcb K‡i| d‡j Avgv‡`i
¯^cœ n‡q c‡i cÖZxKx †U·U, †Póv K‡i hvi A_© D×vi Ki‡Z nq| (CMjUb 2004 : 161-62)|
d«‡q‡Wi AwfbeZ¡ GLv‡b †h, Zuvi mxgv×Zv AwZµg Kivi Bw½Z Zuvi Z‡Ë¡i g‡a¨B wbwnZ| G cÖm‡½
cÖ_‡gB Avm‡e e¨w³Z¡-MV‡bi K_v| gvby‡li e¨w³Z¡-MV‡bi †ÿ‡Î d«‡qW †Kej evj¨¯§„wZi K_vB
fv‡eb wb, GKB m‡½ wZwb e¨w³i evj¨¯§„wZi †cÖÿvcU wn‡m‡e mgMÖ gvbeRvwZi evj¨¯§„wZ A_©vr
Avw`g gvbe mgv‡Ri Avw`gZg AwfÁZvi ¯§„wZ‡KI AšÍf©y³ K‡i‡Qb| †mB m‡½ AšÍf©y³ n‡q‡Q
Avw`g mKj ¯§„wZ, †hgb cÖv‡Yi weeZ©‡b mwÂZ cÖv‡Yi Avw`gZg me ¯§„wZÑ RjRxeb Ges
Dw™¢`Rxe‡bi wewPÎgyL ¯§„wZ| G¸‡jv‡KB d«‡qW AL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb cÖRvwZMZ ¯§„wZ (phylogenic
memory) ev cÖZœ-Ae‡kl (archaic remnants) wn‡m‡e| ¯^cœ e¨vL¨vi †ÿ‡Î d«‡qW G¸‡jv‡KB
wewPÎ cÖZxK wn‡m‡e Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb| GB cÖRvwZMZ ¯§„wZi aviYv‡K AwaKZi e¨vwß, MfxiZv I
MwZ `vb K‡ib d«‡q‡Wi wkl¨ Kvj© BqyO| cÖRvwZMZ ¯§„wZi aviYvi Dci wfwË K‡iB M‡o I‡V
Bqy‡Oi †hŠ_ Ae‡PZb ev collective unconscious ZË¡| wek kZ‡Ki wkí-mvwnZ¨ Av‡›`vj‡bi
†ÿ‡Î GB ZË¡aviYv †h †cÖiYv`vqx f~wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Q, Zv hyMvšÍKvix| Bqy‡Oi Archetype ev
Avw`K‡íi aviYvwUI gvbeÁv‡bi cUf~wg‡Z Av‡iK `~imÂvix ms‡hvRb| AvaywbK weÁv‡bi we‡kl
K‡i †Kvqv›Uvg ejev‡`i M‡elYvjä djvd‡ji m‡½ Av‡K©UvBc aviYvi A‡bK wKQzi wgj jÿ Kiv
hvq| 1927 mv‡j †fi‡bi nvB‡RbevM© (Werner Heisenberg 1901-1976) Zuvi AwbðqZvi
ZË¡ (The uncertainty principles) cÖKvk K‡ib| G‡Z wZwb gZ †`b †h, e¯‘KwYKvi †Kv‡bv
welqMZ Aw¯ÍZ¡ (objective reality) †bB| Zvi Aw¯ÍZ¡ wbf©i K‡i ch©‡eÿK ev gvbm-cÖwZg †Kv‡bv
mËvi Ici| Ges ch©‡eÿY Kivi c~e© ch©šÍ Zvi Ae¯’vb m¤¢vebvi Zi‡½i g‡a¨| G Kvi‡YB
nvB‡Rbev‡M©i g‡Z, cigvYy n‡”Q †KejB ÔnIqvi †SuvKÕ (tendency for being)| BqyOI Zvui
Av‡K©UvBc Z‡Ë¡i e¨vL¨vq A‡bKUv Gfv‡eB e‡jb, gvby‡li †gŠwjK cÖe„w˸‡jvi (basic instinct)
K‡qKwU g~j †cŠivwYK web¨v‡m AvZ¥cÖKvk Kivi †SuvKB n‡”Q Avw`Kí ev Av‡K©UvBc| cÖK…Zc‡ÿ,
¯^cœ ev †h †Kv‡bv gvbweK gvbmwµqv Zv wkí, mvwnZ¨ Ggb wK weÁvb Ñ hvB †nvK bv †Kb, Zv‡`i
mevi g‡a¨B _v‡K H †gŠwjK cÖe„wËi wbR‡K e¨³ Kivi Ô‡SuvKÕ (tendency) | wb‡R‡K e¨³ Kivi
GB †SuvK ev cÖeYZvi g‡a¨B gvbexq Áv‡bi mKj kvLvi m‡½ Ae‡PZ‡bi Mfxi m¤úK© ˆZix n‡q
hvq| BqyOI ¯^xKvi K‡ib †h, weÁvb, wkímn Áv‡bi mKj kvLviB Rb¥-Drm ev Mfv©kq n‡jv
gvbegb (Jung 1961: 175)| Zvui g‡Z, GKRb mvwnZ¨mgv‡jvPK I GKRb g‡bvweÁvbxi
mvwnZ¨we‡køl‡Yi ¯^fv‡ei g‡a¨ †gŠwjK cv_©K¨ we`¨gvb| Kwei m„wó m¤ú‡K© Zvui we‡ePbv Avgv‡`i
Awfwb‡ek‡K K‡i ‡Zv‡j `y¨wZgq I gvÎveûj| Kwe I KweZv g~j¨vq‡bi c~e©Zb mKj cwiKíb
(paradigm) ‡_‡K †ewi‡q G‡m wZwb e‡jb, The poet’s work is an interpretation and
illumaination of the contents of consciousness, of the ineluctable experiences
of human life with its eternally recurrent sorrow and joy. (Jung 1961: 179)| Zuvi
¯^cœ wKsev cÖZx‡Ki e¨vL¨vi g‡a¨I Avgiv †c‡q hvB gvbm-D™¢~Z Awfe¨w³mg~‡ni eû¯ÍwiK m~ÎcÖevn|
cÖZxK m¤ú‡K© Bqy‡Oi aviYv RvK jvKvui KvVv‡gvev`x I DËi-KvVv‡gvev`x gb¯ÍË¡ e¨vL¨v ch©šÍ †cuŠ‡Q
hvq| Zuvi g‡Z ÔcÖZxKÕ ev symbol n‡jv GKwU kã, GKwU bvg, GgbwK GKwU Qwe Ñ hv Avgv‡`i
ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡bi †ÿ‡Î LyeB cwiwPZ| ZeyI Zv‡`i cÖPwjZ cÖKU A_© Qvov Av‡iv we‡kl wKQy Zvrch©
i‡q‡Q| GB cÖZx‡Ki g‡a¨ cÖ”Qbœ _v‡K Ggb wKQz Bw½Z, hv A¯úó, Svcmv, AÁvZ A_ev †Mvcb|
GKwU kã ev wPÎKí ZLbB cÖZxKx nq, hLb Zvi g‡a¨ ¯úó, cÖKU I ZvrÿwYK A‡_©i †P‡qI Av‡iv
†ewk wKQz ms¸ß ev cÖ”Qbœ _v‡K| Zvi _v‡K GKwU we¯—…Z ÔAe‡PZbÕ gvÎv, hv‡K AweKj †Kv‡bv
msÁvq euvav hvq bv ev hvi †Kv‡bv m¤ú~Y© e¨vL¨vI †`qv hvq bv| wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, Avgiv hv‡K gvbm
(psyche) ewj, Zv †Kv‡bvfv‡eB †PZbv ev Zvi AšÍM©Z welqe¯‘¸wji mgv_©K bq| gvby‡li ÔgbÕ ev
ÔgvbmÕ n‡”Q cÖK…wZi Ask, Avi Gi auvav n‡”Q mxgvnxb (BqyO 1406 : 3-7)| Bqy‡Oi anima
(cyiæ‡li bvixmËv) I animus (bvixi cyiælmËv) aviYvI gvbexq Áv‡bi †ÿ‡Î GK Amvgvb¨
ms‡hvRb| c„w_exi wewfbœ fvlvi mvwn‡Z¨ Ggb wK wPÎK‡g© Ggb wKQz kvk¦Z bvixg~wZ©i †`Lv cvIqv
hvq, †h-mKj PwiÎ ev g~wZ© KL‡bv KL‡bv awiÎx-gvZvq cwiYZ nq| Zviv ZiæYx, AweevwnZv I AbšÍ
†mŠ›`h©gqx n‡qI GK me©Kvjxb iƒc jvf K‡i _v‡K| Bqy‡Oi g‡bvweÁv‡bi m~Î Abymv‡i GB kvk¦Z,
Ava¨vwZ¥K bvix g~wZ© n‡jv fvwR©b †gwi, wMÖK cyiv‡Yi G‡_bv, `v wfwÝi †gvbvwjmv, fviZxq cyiv‡Yi
cve©Zx, iex›`ªbv‡_i ÔAvw`Rbbx wmÜÕz, ÔRxeb‡`eZvÕ I ÔDe©kxÕ Ges Rxebb›` `v‡ki | cyiæ‡li
AšÍwb©wnZ bvixmËv I bvixi AšÍwb©wnZ cyiælmËvi Ae‡PZb-ejq‡K BqyO PviwU cÖavb Avw`Kí ev
Av‡K©UvB‡ci wfwˇZ M‡o D‡V‡Q| G¸‡jv n‡”Q Shadow, anima, animus I spirit; Ñhvi
gva¨‡g ˆecixZ¨gq †PZb I Ae‡PZ‡bi m¤úK© wbiƒcK GK mgMÖ w`e¨ejq wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q (Richter
1989 : 643-44)| Bqy‡Oi ch©‡eÿ‡Y ÔÔQvqvÕ-i Avwef©v‡ei m‡½ m‡½B Aek¨ `yiƒn & Ges m~² ˆbwZK
mgm¨v¸wj Awbevh©fv‡e G‡m nvwRi nq bv| cÖvqkB Ab¨ GKwU ÔAšÍðwiÎÕ (inner figure) ev
AšÍg~©wZ G‡m Dcw¯’Z nq| hw` ¯^cœ`ªóv cyiæl nb, ZvnÕ‡j Zvi Ae‡PZ‡bi GKwU gvbm-cÖwZgv (bvix
g~wZ©) wZwb Avwe®‹vi K‡ib; Avevi ¯^cœ`ªóv bvix n‡j, wZwb Avwe®‹vi K‡ib (Ae‡PZ‡bi) GKwU cyiæl
g~wZ©| cÖvq †ÿ‡ÎB GB wØZxq cÖZxKx g~wZ©wU ÔQvqvÕ (shadow-side)-Gi †cQ‡b G‡m nvwRi nq|Õ
(BqyO 1406 : 122)| GB G¨vwbgv Ges G¨vwbgvm‡K BwZevPK I †bwZevPK Ñ `yBfv‡eB †`Lv †h‡Z
cv‡i| G¨vwbgv‡K GK K_vq ejv †h‡Z cv‡i, cyiæl-gvbm †_‡K DwÌZ hveZxq bvixmyjf †SuvK ev
cÖeYZvi kvixwiK cÖwZgv| †hgb, Svckv Abyf~wZ Ges †gRvR, fwel¨`„wóm¤úbœ Abygvb
(prophetic hunches), A‡hŠw³K Av‡eMcÖeYZv, e¨w³MZ †cÖ‡gi kw³, cÖK…wZi cÖwZ AbyfecÖeYZv
Ges me©‡cvwi Ae‡PZ‡bi m‡½ Zvi m¤úK©| Ab¨w`‡K bvixi Ae‡PZ‡b cÖ”Qbœ cyiæ‡li g~Z© iƒc n‡”Q
G¨vwbgvm Ñ hv ïf-Aïf `ywU w`KB e¨³ K‡i, wVK †h iKg K‡i cyiæ‡li AšÍwb©wnZ bvixmËv| wKš‘
G¨vwbgvm Nb Nb †cÖgR AjxK Kíbv ev †gRv‡Ri iƒc wb‡q nvwRi nq bv, eis †Mvcb Ôw`e¨Õ wek¦v‡mi
iƒc cwiMÖn Kivq AwaK `ÿ| cyiæl G¨vwbgv‡K †hgb Aeqe †`b Zvi gvZv, †Zgwb bvixi
G¨vwbgvm‡K cÖfvweZ K‡ib Zvi wcZv (BqyO 1406 : 122, 132)|

gvby‡li Zb¥q g‡bvwe‡k¦i cÖK…Z wPÎ †Kej ¯^cœB aviY Ki‡Z cv‡i, †PZb gb G¸‡jv‡K A¯^xKvi K‡i
A_ev Awb”QzKfv‡e †g‡b †bq (Jung 1961: 5)| e¨w³K A_ev mvgwóK †h ¯§„wZexR Ae‡PZb‡jv‡K
GK Aaiv mgy‡`ªi g‡Zv weivR K‡i, ¯^cœ n‡”Q ZviB wbe©va cÖKvk‡ÿÎ| GKgvÎ KweivB cv‡ib GB
eû¯Íixf~Z ¯§„wZex‡Ri dmj djv‡Z| e¨w³ A_ev mgwói Ae‡PZ‡bi ci¯úijMœ wKsev ¯^Zš¿ hvÎvi
BwZnvmB n‡”Q KweZvi BwZnvm| cyivY-wbqwš¿Z Kvjci¤úivq Avgiv †`‡LwQ, wKfv‡e gvby‡li
wek¦eªþvÊ I Zvi PvwjKvkw³i Ici fvlv I f~‡MvjwfwËK wbqš¿Y cÖwZôv K‡i‡Q| GB wbqš¿YI
Akixix, ˆPZb¨MZ| GB ˆPZ‡b¨i eû¯Íixf~Z g~j n‡”Q Ae‡PZb| Avw`g mgv‡Ri gb¯ÍË¡ we‡klZ
jywmqv †jwf eªæn&j (Levy- Brühl)-Gi `„wófw½ e¨vL¨vm~‡Î G-wel‡q wek` Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb BqyO
Zvui Modern Man: in search of a Soul MÖ‡š’i Archaic Man Aa¨v‡q| †jwf eªæn&‡ji
Collective Representation-aviYv‡K wZwb Avw` gvb‡ei AvZ¥cÖKvkc×wZi cÖavb aviv wn‡m‡e
kbv³ K‡ib| GB ¯Íi‡K BqyO e‡j‡Qb cÖvK-‡hŠw³K gvbegb (we call it pre-logical, because
to us such an explanation seems absolutely illogical [Jung. 1961 : 145-46]) AvaywbK
gvby‡li Kv‡Q hv cÖvM-†hŠw³K ZviI GKwU KvjvbyM, †jvKvqZ I †fŠwgK wfwË wQj| H ¯Íici¤úivi
gvbyl¸‡jvi cyivY Ges wek¦vm¸‡jv †h k~b¨ †_‡K D™f~Z nqwb- Gi †cQ‡b e¯‘-AwfÁZv wfwË wn‡m‡e
KvR K‡i‡QÑZvI g‡bv‰eÁvwbK AbymÜv‡bi gva¨‡g Avgiv Dcjwä Ki‡Z cvwi (Jung. 1961 : 157)
GB aviYvi M‡elYv, Avwe®‹vi I we‡køl‡Yi †ÿ‡Î †Rg&m †d«Rv‡ii The Golden Bough (1890)
MÖš’wU hyMvšÍKvix f~wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Q| wek¦ gvb‡ei Avw` †jvKvPv‡ii m‡½ GB cyiv‡Yi m½wZm~ÎI
wb‡`©k K‡i‡Qb †d«Rvi|

3
wek kZ‡Ki wØZxq `k‡K civev¯Íe KweivB cÖ_g Ae‡PZb‡K KweZvi Aej¤^b K‡ib| GRb¨ Zvuiv
g‡bvweÁv‡bi Mfxi cvV MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb| G- cÖm‡½ we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL¨, surrealism ev civev¯Í‡ei
cÖe³v Avu‡`ª †eª‡Zv wQ‡jb wPwKrmvkv‡¯¿i QvÎ| Gi Av‡M wZwb wίÍvb Rvivi m‡½ hy³ n‡qwQ‡jb
`v`vev`x (Dadaism) Av‡›`vj‡b| wKš‘ hyw³i k„•Ljgyw³ I Ae‡PZ‡bi AwaKvi cÖwZôvi j‡ÿ¨
†eª‡Zv †ewi‡q Av‡mb `v`vev`x Av‡›`vjb †_‡K| Zvui Ab¨Zg wcÖq welq wQj g‡bvwe`¨v| 1921 mv‡j
Aw÷ªqvi wf‡qbvq g‡bvwe`¨vi RbK wmMgyÛ d«‡q‡Wi m‡½ Zvui mvÿvr GB wecøevZ¥K wkí- Av‡›`vj‡b
MwZ mÂvi K‡iwQj| g‡bv‡ivM I gvbwmK †Nvi GK wRwbm bv n‡jI `yÕ †ÿ‡ÎB ev¯Íe RM‡Zi iƒc I
cÖK…wZi cwieZ©b N‡U| myZivs ¯^vfvwe‡Ki wecÖZx‡c †h A¯^vfvweK‡K Avgiv kbv³ Kwi, †mB
A¯^vfvwe‡KiI GKUv ¯^fve wbðqB Av‡Q| civev¯Íeev‡`i Bk&‡Znv‡i ejv n‡jv:

A psychic automatism with the help of which we propose to express the real functioning of
thought, either orally or in writing or in any other way, a dictation of thought without any
control by reason, outside all aesthetic or moral pre-occupation.

Ôcivev¯Íeev`Õ KweZv I wk‡íi c~e©Zb avivq Ae‡PZ‡bi g‡Zv weÁvb‡ev‡ai Avwe®‹v‡i GK bZzb
cÖv‡Yvb¥v`bv mÂvi K‡i| Avi cÖ_g gnvhy×-cieZx© wek¦ev¯ÍeZvq gvbexq Áv‡bi cÖwZwU kvLvq bZzb
cÖvYkw³iI cÖ‡qvRb wQj| Avi KweZvi †ÿ‡Î GB bZzb cÖ‡Yv`bvi f~wgKv wQj my`~icÖmvix| Auv‡`ª
†eª‡Zvi cÖR‡b¥i †jLK‡`i Aa¨qb I M‡elYvi cwiwaI wQj eûwe¯—…Z| c~e©Mvgx †jLK‡`i SzuwKc~Y©
m„wókxj D‡`¨vM‡KI Zuviv cybwe©Pvi I cybiæ¾xe‡b f~wgKv iv‡Lb| civev¯Íeev`xiv Ae‡PZ‡bi
cÖ‡qvM m~‡ÎB KweZvi KiY‡KŠkj, wPÎKí I kãk„•Ljvq bZzb gvÎv †hvM K‡ib| Gfv‡eB
civev¯Íeev`x Kweiv Ae‡PZb-D™f~Z ¯^‡cœ cÖZxKvwqZ mZ¨ Avwe®‹vi K‡i Zvi g‡a¨B †c‡q hvb
LÊKvj I wPiKv‡ji cÖwZwe¤^ I m½wZm~Î|

KvVv‡gvev`x I DËi-KvVv‡gvev`x Z‡Ë¡i Av‡jv‡K RvK jvKvu Ae‡PZb e¨vL¨vi †ÿ‡Î fvlv‡K
me©v‡cÿv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© e‡j K‡ib| Zvui g‡Z, fvlvc~e© †Kvbv ms‡e`bgq mnRvZ Ae‡PZb _vK‡Z cv‡i
bv| fvlvi g‡Zv Ae‡PZbI KvVv‡gve× (structured)| GB `„wófw½ e¨vL¨vi †ÿ‡Î wZwb dvw`©bv›` `¨
†mvmy¨i (Ferdinand de Saussure)-Gi fvlvwPšÍvi m‡½ g‡bvwe‡køl‡Yi wgjb NwU‡q †`b| G-ZË¡
Abyaveb Ki‡Z n‡j †mvmy¨‡ii †`¨vZK (signifier) I †`¨vwZZ (signified) aviYvi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z
†`L‡Z n‡e Ñ hv jvKvu e¨envi K‡i‡Qb e¨vcKfv‡e| GB aviYv‡K †m¨vmyi e‡j‡Qb, k‡ãi Aweivg
cÖevnb ev ÔcwieZ©gvbZvi wefvRbÕ| wgkª aviYvmg~‡ni Awbw`©ó GjvKvi K_vI e‡j‡Qb †m¨vmyi| wZwb
g~jZ e‡j‡Qb ÔcÖK…wZMZfv‡e wek„•Ljvc~Y©Õ GK¸”Q wPšÍvi K_v (Saussure 1978 : 112)| Zvui g‡Z
†`¨vZK n‡”Q aŸwb Dcv`vb, †`¨vwZ‡Zi A_©vr aviYvi m‡½ hv wgwjZ nq| †m¨vmyi Gfv‡eB AweiZ
cÖevn‡Yi mgm¨vi mgvavb Lyu‡R‡Qb| jvKvuiI wek„•Ljvi GKwU ZË¡ i‡q‡Q, Z‡e GB wek„•Ljv
wPšÍv‡Kw›`ªK bq| hv‡K ejv hvq ˆRweK AvKv•ÿvi Ggb GKwU ¯Íi hvi g‡a¨ wµqvkxj _v‡K wKQz
b~¨bZg mnRvZ cÖwµqv ev wb‡`©kbv| wkïi AwfÁZv wek„•Lj Ñ G welqwU‡KB A‡bKUv Nywi‡q †`‡Lb
jvKvu- wZwb e‡jb ÔLy‡` gvbylÕÑ ‘I’ hommelette (Lacan 1977 : 197)| fvRvi Rb¨ m`¨-fvOv
ÔAvK…wZnxb wWgÕ n‡jv ‘omlette’- hv wb‡`©k K‡i wek„•Lj ˆRweK Ae¯’v‡K| fvlv‡K KvR Ki‡Z nq
G-iƒc ÔAvK…wZnxb e¯‘Õ ev wel‡qi Ici| jvKvu †`Lvb †h AvK…wZnxb wel‡qi ga¨ †_‡K †`¨vZK‡K
Lyu‡R †ei Ki‡Z wKfv‡e †`¨vZK AweiZ cÖevwnZ n‡Z _v‡K Ges NU‡Z _v‡K Zvrc‡h©i cwieZ©b|
GK †`¨vZK (signifier) †_‡K Ab¨ †`¨vZ‡K wbišÍi Mgb‡KB jvKvu e‡j‡Qb AvKv•ÿv (desire)|
ÔjvuKv ÔdesireÕ-†K ÔneedÕ †_‡K c„_K K‡i‡Qb| need n‡”Q Zv hv c~iY‡hvM¨ Afve; wKš‘ desire
ev¯Íe †Kv‡bv wRwbm w`‡q Ac~iY‡hvM¨; GwU ïay cÖZxKx weKí (symbolic substitute) w`‡qB c~iY
Kiv m¤¢e| jvKvu Avevi ÔneedÕ, ÔdesireÕ Ges ÔdemandÕÑGi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ K‡i‡Qb Gfv‡e;
ÔneedÕ n‡”Q Ggb wKQzi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb‡eva hv cÖ`Ë n‡Z cv‡i| ÔdemandÕ Ggb e¯‘i Rb¨ hv
KL‡bv KL‡bv cÖvß nIqv m¤¢e (cÖZxKxfv‡e n‡jI)|Õ (†nv‡mb †g-Ryb 2006 : 193)| jvKuvi
Ae¨ewnZ c‡iB B‡MœwmI gv‡Ë-eøv‡¼v Ae‡PZb e¨vL¨vi †ÿ‡Î dwjZ weÁv‡bi cÖ‡qvM K‡ib| Bi-
logic ev wØ-hyw³i Av‡jvPbvq wZwb Dc¯’vcb K‡ib gvbeRxe‡bi Zb¥q welq¸‡jvi weÁvbm¤§Z
e¨vL¨v| H me e¨vL¨vi cÖvMÖmi I KvjvbyM ˆewkó¨ cÖe‡Üi ïiæ‡ZB AvjvPbv K‡iwQ| Z‡e fveagx©
(subjective) gvbem„wói ( KweZv, bvUK, Dcb¨vm, wPÎKjv, m½xZ cÖf…wZ) we‡kølY‡K Rxeb, mgq
I mgv‡Ri cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z g~j¨vqb Kivi weÁvbm¤§Z gvb`Ê wn‡m‡e gv‡Ë-eøv‡¼vi iPbvmg~n GKB m‡½
KvjvbyM I mv¤cÖwZK|

4
Ae‡PZb aviYvi Av‡jv‡K ch©‡e¶‡Yi Rb¨ hZ¸‡jv Dcv`vb cÖ‡qvRb GKRb Kwei g‡a¨ Zuvi cÖvq
me¸‡jv Dcv`vbB we`¨gvb| bvUK wKsev Dcb¨vm we‡k−l‡Yi myweav GB †h, †mLv‡b PwiÎ _v‡K, Zvi
e¯‘wfwË Ges gvbwmK wµqv-cÖwZwµqvi GKUv †hŠw³K e¨vL¨v `uvo Kiv‡bv GKRb g‡bvweÁvbxi Rb¨
A‡bKUv mnR n‡q I‡V| wKš‘ KweZv e¨vL¨vi †¶‡Î hv ˆewkó¨c~Y©, Zv n‡jv Kwe wb‡RB PwiÎ| Zuvi
C`, B‡Mv, mycvi-B‡Mv, †PZb-Ae‡PZb GgbwK libido ev iwZ‡PZbvi eû‡KŠwYK e¨vL¨vI Kwei
g‡bvRMr‡K †K›`ª K‡iB AvewZ©Z nq| gb¯—Ë¡PP©vi `xN© BwZnvmci¤úivq weZwK©Z welq¸‡jvi
ˆeÁvwbK wfwË jv‡fi GUv GKUv cÖavb KviY| d«‡qW Zuvi w`ev¯^‡cœi Av‡jvPbvq wkïi AvPiY I
AbyfywZ cÖvavb¨ w`‡jI KweZvi cÖm½ Dš’vcb Ki‡Z wM‡q Gi †mŠ›`h©ZË¡ ch©š— †cuŠ‡Q wM‡q‡Qb| wZwb
Kíbvkw³cÖeY †jLK Ges day-dreamer-†`i g‡a¨ Zzjbv Ki‡Z wM‡q e‡j‡Qb: In our
comparision of the imaginative writer with the day-dreamer and of poetical
creation with the day-dream, is to be of any value, it must above all, show itself
in some way or other fruitful. g‡bvwPwKrmvi cix¶vYvMv‡ii c~e©aviYv d«‡qW cÖwZwU †¶‡ÎB
cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb, Kwe bvgK Pwi‡Îi Aaiv Aw¯ÍZ¡ Zuvi g‡a¨ d¨v›Uwm‡ev‡ai Rb¥ w`‡q‡Q|
¯^fveRvZ cÖv‡qvwMK `„wó‡KvY †_‡KB wZwb †mŠ›`h©‡ev‡ai GKwU e¨vL¨v D™¢veb K‡i‡Qb : The
writer softens the character of his egoistic day-dreams by altering and
disguising it, and he bribes us by the purely formal -- that is, aesthetic yield of
peasure which he offers us in the presentations of his fantasies. wZwb hLb BwWcvm-
¸‰plv e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb, ZL‡bv Zvi mvwnZ¨- wkíZvwš¿K ˆewkó¨ A‡c¶v Ae‡PZbvi Aby˜NvwUZ in‡m¨i
cÖwZB †ewk g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q‡Qb| Aek¨ wZwb Gi ga¨ w`‡q jä ZË¡‡KB cÖwZôv Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| GUv
cÖvq ¯^Ztwm× †h, c„w_exi mKj wkïiB AvKv•ÿv I Kíbvi PvwiΨ †gŠwjK| Avi wkï‡`i ev¯Íe
RxebvwfÁZvi †ÿÎ _v‡K mxgve×| d«‡qW wkï‡`i ¯^cœ e¨vL¨vq †hŠbZvi gvb`Ê †ewk gvÎvq e¨envi
K‡i‡Qb m¤¢eZ Zuvi cixÿvMv‡ii AwfÁZv †_‡K| m„Rbkxj †jLK‡`i m¤ú‡K© Zuvi g~j¨vqb n‡jv :
m„Rbkxj †jLK A‡bKUv wkïi g‡ZvB| wZwb GK D™¢U Kíbvi (fantasy) RMr ˆZix K‡i Zv AZ¨šÍ
¸iæZ¡mnKv‡i MÖnY K‡ib| †mLv‡b wZwb cÖPzi cwigv‡Y Av‡e‡Mi mgv‡ek NUvb, hv ev¯ÍeZv †_‡K
¯úóZB c„_K (Richter 1989 : 651)| Z‡e wg‡_i Avkªq MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g wZwb gbtmgx¶Y PP©vi
m¤¢vebvi c_ A‡bKUvB Db¥y³ K‡i †`b| Gi m~Î a‡i Kvj© Bqys, bi_c d«vB, RvK& jvKuv I n¨viì eøyg
cÖgyL gbtmgx¶Y ZË¡‡K cix¶vMv‡ii evB‡i G‡b eY©bv, g~j¨vqb I cybg~©j¨vq‡bi we¯Z…Z cwim‡i
wb‡q G‡jb| G †ÿ‡Î me©v‡cÿv cÖfvewe¯Ívix I Av‡jvob m„wóKvix g‡bvweÁvbx n‡jb RvK& jvKuv
(Jacques Lacan 1901-1981)| jvKuvi eûj e¨eüZ k㸇”Qi g‡a¨B Avgiv †c‡q hvB
Ae‡PZ‡bi µgvqZ AMÖhvÎv I we¯Ív‡ii wkíwm× cÖwµqv : The unconscious has the
structure of a language.

5
KweZvq Ae‡PZ‡bi e¨envi GB mvwnZ¨iƒ‡ci Rb¥jMœ †_‡KB †h m~wPZ, wk‡íi BwZnvm Zvi cÖgvY|
d«‡qW Zvui ¯^cœe¨vL¨vq AvL¨vbagx© iPbv‡K cªvavb¨ †`Iqvi KviY gvbePwiÎ †mLv‡b mgMÖ iƒ‡c
cÖKvwkZ| Cw`cvm wKsev n¨vg‡j‡Ui AvPiY e¨vL¨vi Rb¨ me©v‡cÿv PwiÎ-wµqvkxj gva¨g bvUK‡KB
†e‡Q †bb wZwb| Avi KweZvq ¯^qs KweB PwiÎ| †PZb-Ae‡PZ‡bi ˆØi‡_ Kwei gvbm (psyche)
wewPÎ iƒ‡c AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡i| †ivg¨vw›UK Kve¨avivq ‡kwji cÖva¨v‡b¨i KviY Zuvi Prometheus
Unbound AvL¨vb I Pwi‡Îi gva¨‡g gb¯ÍvwË¡K cÖZ¨ve„wËi (psychological regression)
AmvaviY wkí n‡q D‡V‡Q| Av‡e‡Mi †gŠwjKZvq DBwjqg †eøK, IqvW©mIqv_© †Kv‡jwi‡Ri ¯^cœ-cÖZxK
I e¯‘-cÖZxK AmvaviY Zvrc‡h© iƒc jvf K‡i‡Q| wek¦hy‡×vËi Kwe‡`i g‡a¨ Ae‡PZb wewPÎ gvÎvq
Awfe¨³ n‡q‡Q| Ae‡PZb I KweZvi AvšÍtm¤úK© we‡køl‡Y Avwg AvcvZZ evsjv fvlvi wZb cÖavb
Kwe iex›`ªbv_, bRiæj I Rxebvb›` `vk‡K `ªæZ‡iL g~j¨vqb Ki‡ev|

cyivY-cÖZxK (iex›`ªbv‡_i †ÿ‡Î ¯^Zš¿fv‡e cÖ‡hvR¨), kãcÖZxK, ¯^cœcÖZxK Ges wPÎ iex›`ªbv‡_i
†hŠe‡bi Ae‡PZb‡jvK‡K c~Y©Zv w`‡qwQj| cwimi (space)-ag©x cÖZxK Zvui ZiæY eq‡mi
Abyfeivwk‡K e¨³ K‡i‡Q| ÔZviKvi AvZ¥nZ¨vÕ (mܨvm½xZ) KweZvi †klvs‡k mskq`xY©
AvZ¥cÖ‡ÿcY wbtm‡›`‡n cÖZxKx e¨Äbvq cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q:

ü`q, ü`q †gvi, mva wK‡i hvq †Zvi

NygvB‡Z IB g„Z ZvivwUi cv‡k
IB AvuavimvM‡i
GB Mfxi wbkx‡_
GB AZj AvKv‡k|

ivZi cwigʇj GK wkï, wK‡kvi wKsev Ziæ‡Yi `„wómxgvq bÿÎ ev ZvivB n‡”Q me‡P‡q `„k¨gvb
welq (content)| wKš‘ e¨w³ Ae‡PZ‡bi Mo‡bi wfbœZv †mLv‡b G‡b †`q †gŠwjK gvÎv| bÿ‡Îi
cZb Zvui Kv‡Q ¯^vfvweK NUbv bq, ÔAvZ¥nZ¨vÕ| Ô¸nvÕ AÜKvi, gvZ…RVi A_ev Aeiæ×Zvi cÖZxK|
wKš‘ ÔwbS©‡ii ¯^cœf½Õ (cÖfvZm½xZ) KweZvq cÖfvZcvwLi Mv‡bi aŸwbZi‡½i ciI †mB cÖZx‡Ki
g‡a¨B evievi ¯§„wZ mÂvi K‡i:

Avuavi ¸nvq åwgqv åwgqv

Mfxi ¸nvq bvwgqv bvwgqv
AvKzj nBqv Kvuw`qv Kvuw`qv
Qy‡q‡Q Avgvi cÖvY|
AÜKvi ¸nvi ¯§ywZk„•Ljvi g‡a¨B N‡U Zvi Ae‡PZ‡bi AveZ©b| Ges cÖkœgq AvZ¥iƒc: ÔAvwg hve,
Avwg hve, †Kv_vq †m, †Kvb †`k-Õ GB cÖZ¨vkvgq AvwZ©i g‡a¨B KweZvi mgvwß| gvbmx Kv‡e¨i
Ô†gN`~ZÕ KweZv gb¯ÍvwË¡K cÖZ¨ve„wËi (psychological regression) `„óvšÍ|

e¨w³MZ Ae‡PZ‡bi (personal unconscious) m‡½ cÖRvwZMZ (phylogenic) Ae‡PZ‡bi

wgkª‡Y iwPZ n‡q‡Q ‡mvbvi Zix Kv‡e¨i Ômgy‡`ªi cÖwZÕ Ges ÔemyÜivÕ KweZv| Ae‡PZ‡b mwÂZ
¯§„wZexR Kwei AvZ¥cÖKvk‡K K‡i‡Q me©we¯Ívix :

1. †n Avw`Rbbx wmÜz, emyÜiv mšÍvb †Zvgvi,

GKgvÎ Kb¨v Ze †Kv‡j| ZvB Z›`ªv bvwn Avi
P‡ÿ Ze, ZvB eÿ Rywi m`v k¼v, m`v Avkv,
m`v Av‡›`vjb ; ZvB D‡V †e`gš¿mg fvlv
wbišÍi cÖkvšÍ A¤^‡i, g‡n›`ªgw›`i-cv‡b
AšÍ‡ii AbšÍ cÖv_©bv, wbqZ g½jMv‡b
aŸwbZ Kwiqv w`wk w`wk ; ZvB NygšÍ c„_¡x‡i
AmsL¨ Pz¤^b K‡i Avwj½‡b me© A½ wN‡i
Zi½e܇b evuwa, bxjv¤^i A‡j †Zvgvi
mh‡Zœ †ewóqv awi mšÍc©‡Y †`nLvwb Zvi
my‡Kvgj †KŠk‡j|
(mgy‡`ªi cÖwZ)

2. Avgv‡i wdiv‡q j‡nv, Awq emy܇i,

†Kv‡ji mšÍv‡b‡i Ze †Kv‡ji wfZ‡i
wecyj AÂj-Z‡j| I†Mv gv g„b¥qx,
†Zvgvi g„wËKv gv‡S e¨ß n‡q iB;
(emyÜiv)

Kwei Ae‡PZ‡b mwÂZ mvg~wnK ¯§„wZexR Avw`Kv‡ji m‡½ wgwj‡q †`q mgKvjxb gb‡K| Ô†mB
Rb¥c~‡e©i ¯§iY,/ Mf©¯’ c„w_ex Õc‡i †mB wbZ¨ Rxeb¯ú›`b/ Ze gvZ…ü`‡qiÑ AwZ ÿxY Avfv‡mi g‡Zv/
Rv‡M †hb mg¯Í wkivq,Õ (mgy‡`ªi cÖwZ) cÖRvwZMZ Abyf‡ei evYxiƒc n‡q I‡V| Avi Ôgvbmmy›`ixÕ n‡jv
†ivg¨vw›UK Kwei e¨w³MZ Ae‡PZ‡bi cÖKvk| GB e¨w³MZ Ae‡PZb wf‡±vixq fve‡jvK †_‡K
DrmvwiZ:

†mB Zzwg
g~wZ©‡Z w`‡e wK aiv? GB gZ©f~wg
cik Kwi‡e ivOv Pi‡Yi Z‡j?
AšÍ‡i evwn‡i we‡k¦ k~‡b¨ R‡j ¯’‡j
me© VvuB n‡Z me©gqx Avcbv‡i
Kwiqv niY, aiYxi GKav‡i
awi‡e wK GKLvwb gayi gyiwZ?

(gvbmmy›`ix)

G-†ÿ‡ÎI Ae‡PZbm~‡Î Avw`gvb‡ei Abyf~wZcy‡Äi m‡½ Kwei e¨w³ Abyf~wZi wgjb N‡U‡Q| Avi
Kwei †h AvKv•ÿv (desire) e¨³ n‡q‡Q, Zv c~iY-A‡hvM¨| wPÎv Kv‡e¨i ÔAšÍh©vgxÕ, ÔDe©kxÕ I
ÔRxeb‡`eZvÕ BqyO Kw_Z G¨vwbgvÕ (anima)-i `„óvšÍ Ñ †hLv‡b Kwei AšÍwb©wnZ bvixmËvi eûgvwÎK
cÖKvk N‡U‡Q| bvixi m„wókxjZvi eûgvwÎKZv KwemËvi m‡½ mgxK…Z n‡q‡Q| ÔDe©kxÕ n‡”Q G¨vwbgvi
P~ovšÍ iƒc Ñ Kvg¨ bvixiƒcmg~‡ni ‡hŠ_vq‡bi `„óvšÍ :

bn gvZv, bn Kb¨v, bn ea~ , my›`ix iƒcmx,

†n b›`bevwmbx De©kx !
...................................................

Avw`hyM cyivZb G RM‡Z wdwi‡e wK Avi

AZj AvKzj n‡Z wm³ †K‡k DwV‡e Avevi ?
cÖ_g †m ZbyLvwb †`Lv w`‡e cÖ_g cÖfv‡Z,
me©v½ Kuvw`‡e Ze wbwL‡ji bqb AvNv‡Z
evwiwe›`ycv‡Z Ñ
AK¯§vr gnv¤^ywa Ac~e© msMx‡Z
i‡e Ziw½‡Z|
( De©kx )
DwjøwLZ As‡k G¨vwbgvi (anima) m‡½ RvwZMZ Ae‡PZ‡bi (Phylogenic unconscious)
ms‡køl N‡U‡Q| gvbecÖe„wËi (instinct) m‡½ Av‡K©UvB‡ci (archetype) m¤úK©‡K ˆ`wnK ev
kvixie„ËMZ (physiological) Zvobvi Bw›`ªqNb cÖKvk-ˆewkó¨ wn‡m‡e kbv³ K‡ib BqyO| GKB
m‡½ Zv Avevi AjxK Kíbvq AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡i _v‡K ‡ivg¨vw›UK KweZvq Giƒc `„óvšÍ cÖPiz | Bs‡iwR
†ivg¨vw›UK avivi Ab¨Zg Kwe m¨vgy‡qj †UBji †Kv‡jwi‡Ri The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
GRvZxq KweZvi Abb¨ `„óvšÍ| iex›`ªbv‡_i ejvKv, cybð Ges cÎcyU Kve¨ Aej¤^‡b Ae‡PZb I KweZvi
AvšÍtm¤ú‡K©i eûwea PvwiΨ we‡kølY m¤¢e| ejvKv-i 36 msL¨K KweZvq Ôg‡b nj m„wó †hb ¯^‡cœ Pvq K_v
Kwnev‡i,/ ewj‡Z cv‡i bv ¯úó Kwi,/ Ae¨³ aŸwbi cyÄ AÜKv‡i DwV‡Q ¸gwi |Õ wKsev Ôïay cj‡Ki
Z‡i/cyjwKZ wbð‡ji AšÍ‡i AšÍ‡i/‡e‡Mi Av‡eM|/ ce©Z Pvwnj n‡Z ˆekv‡Li wbiæ‡Ïk †gN;Õ cÖRvwZMZ
gbtwµqvi wfbœZi cÖKvk| AvZ¥cÖKv‡ki GB iƒc‡KB BqyO e‡j‡Qb Av‡K©UvBc (archetype) ev cyivY-auvP
ev cÖZœ-gy`ªY| ÔG‡`i †Kv‡bv cwiwPZ Drm †bB, Giv †h-†Kv‡bv mgq, c„w_exi †h-†Kv‡bv cÖv‡šÍ wb‡R‡`i
cybiyrcbœ Ki‡Z cv‡i Ñ GgbKx †hLv‡b mivmwi eskvbyµg wKsev †`kvšÍiY (migration) gvidr
ÔAvšÍR©bbÕ ev ÔAvšÍwb©‡lKÕ (cross-fertilisation)-Gi mvnv‡h¨ m¤cÖPv‡ii †Kv‡bv my‡hvM †bB|Õ (BqyO
2006 : 59)|

KvRx bRiæj Bmjv‡gi cÖ_g chv©‡qi KweZvq †hŠ_ Ae‡PZbvi m‡½ mgxK…Z n‡q‡Q g~jZ
fviZxq Avw`cÖvY I cyivY-cÖZx‡Ki AšÍcÖ©evn| cÖ_g ch©v‡qi KweZvq bRi“j Bmjvg Dcwb‡ek-
k„•LwjZ I Aš—Ø›`¡©gq mgv‡Ri RvMiYKvgx AvK•¶v (desire) iƒc`vb K‡i‡Qb| Aei“×, wbiw¯—Z¡ I
kw³nxb mgv‡R Zvi“Y¨ I †cŠi“‡li cÖZxK wn‡m‡eB g~jZ wg_-Drm‡K e¨envi K‡i‡Qb wZwb|
fvObme©¯^, weP~wY©Z, üZ¯^cœ mgq I mgvR‰PZ‡b¨ Kj¨vY I ï‡fi RvMiY cÖZ¨vkvq aŸsmI Zuvi
we‡ePbvq Zvi“Y¨ I †cŠi“‡li Awew”Qbœ Ask| wke, AR©yb, `ye©vmv, fxg, wek¦vwgÎ, Rg`wMœ, weòz,
ciïivg, ejivg, `ytkvmb, f…¸, cÖn¬v`, AwfgYy¨, PÊx, †`ªŠc`x cÖf…wZ wgw_K PwiÎ wewPÎ AwfcÖv‡q
GKvwaKevi e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q Zuvi Kv‡e¨| Kwei Ans (ego) -Gi m‡½ cÖZœ-cÖwZgvi (archetype)
wgj‡b GK AmvaviY Kve¨‡jvK m„ó n‡q‡Q| †hgb,

1. gnv cÖj‡qi Avwg bUivR, Avwg mvB‡K¬vb, Avwg aŸsm!

2. Avwg †nvgwkLv, Avwg mvwMœK Rg`wMœ,
Avwg hÁ, Avwg cy‡ivwnZ, Avwg AwMœ|
3. Avwg ¶¨vcv `ye©vmv, wek¦vwgÎ wkl¨,
Avwg `vevbj-`vn, `vnb Kwie wek¦|
4. Avwg ciïiv‡gi Kv‡Vi KzVvi
 wbt¶wÎq Kwei wek¦, Avwbe kvwš— kvš— D`vi|
5. Avwg we‡`ªvnx f…¸, fMevb-ey‡K Gu‡K w`B c`wPý;
Avwg m„óv-m„`b, †kvK-Zvc-nvbv †Lqvjx wewei e¶ Kwie wfbœ|
(Ôwe‡`ªvnx', AwMœ-exYv)
6. iY-ew½Yx RMrgvZvi †`L gnviY,
`kw`‡K Zuvi `knv‡Z ev‡R `k cÖniY!
c`Z‡j jy‡U gwnlvmyi,
gnvgvZv H wmsnevwnbx Rvbvq AvwR‡K wek¦evmx‡K
kvk¦Z, b‡n `vbe-kw³, cv‡q wc‡l hvq wki cïi!
(ÔAvMgbx', AwMœ-exYv)
7. AvR a~R©wU †e¨vg‡Kk b„Z¨-cvMj,
H fvO&‡jv AvMj I‡i evO‡jv AvMj!
....................................
AvR weòz-fv‡j R¡‡j i³-UxKv!
ïay AwMœ-wkLv a~ a~ AwMœ-wkLv
†kv‡f Ki“Yvq fv‡j jvj i³-UxKv!
(ÔRvM„„wn', we‡ki euvkx')
8. R¡‡j' I‡V GBevi gnvKvj ˆei‡ei †bÎR¡vjv mg aŸK& aŸK&
nvnvKvi KiZvwj evRv! R¡vjv †Zvi we‡`ªv‡ni i³wkLv Abš— cvK!
Avb& †Zvi ewý-i_v, evRv †Zvi me©bvkv Z~ix!
nvb& †Zvi ciï wÎk~j! aŸsm Ki& GB wg_¨vcyix|
(Ôc~RvwiYx', †`vjb-Puvcv )

D×…Z PiYmg~‡n g~jZ aŸsm I m„wói Abyl½evnx wg_-Dr‡mi wPÎKígq e¨envi N‡U‡Q| mgvRgvb‡mi
cÖwZwbwaZ¡kxj GB Kwei RvMi‰PZb¨ exiZ¡e¨ÄK kw³ I cyi“lKv‡ii Avivabv K‡i‡Q| Kwei
Ae‡PZ‡b gvbevwZ‡iK kw³i GB †h ¯^xK…wZ, Zvi bv›`wbK-gb¯—Ë¡ wbY©q cÖm‡½ bi_ªc d«vB e‡jb :
The improtance of god or hero in the myth lies in the fact that such characters,
who are concieved in human likeness and yet have more power over nature,
gradually build up the vision of an omnipotent personal community beyoud an
indifferent nature. It is this community which the hero regularly enters in his
apotheosis. (Frye 1977 : 431) cªZœK_v, Avw`iƒc, †jvK-Dcv`vb Ges wg_-Dr‡mi wewPÎ
Abyl‡½i A½xKvi Kwei e¨w³-ˆPZb¨‡K mvg~wnK Ae‡PZbvi Awew”Qbœ As‡k cwiYZ K‡i| A_©vr Kwei
g‡a¨ mvg~wnK wbÁ©vb I e¨w³MZ Dcjwäi †gjeÜb N‡U‡Q (Jung 1977 : 220-32)|
fviZxq cÖZœcÖwZgv (archetypes) I Avw`Kí (primordial image) bRi“j-Kv‡e¨ †h
wkíejq iPbv K‡i‡Q, Zvi †K›`ªwe›`y‡Z ¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q bUivR wke| ÔbRi“‡ji Ae‡PZbv I wkím~Î
ms†hvR‡b wke eûiƒcgqÕ| †hgb Ñ i“`ª, ˆfie, w`M¤^i, a~R©wU, †e¨vg‡Kk, wcbvKx, wÎk~jx, wke,
g‡nk, k¼i, bUivR cÖf…wZ| ˆkwíK AwfcÖvq, Rxebv_© Ges †hŠ_ Ae‡PZbvi †cÖiYvq bRi“j-Kv‡e¨
wke cwiYZ n‡q‡Q Kwei gg©‡Kvl I Aw¯—Z¡g~j-DrmvwiZ AvKv•¶vi Avw`iƒc (primordial imag)
ev cÖZœcÖwZgvq (archetype) | PÊxi iƒcKíbvqI A¨vwbgvi cÖ‡Yv`bv I gvZ…-Avw`Kí ev Av‡K©UvBc
Av‡jvwoZ K‡i‡Q KwewPˇK| wke †hgb Zuvi Abya¨v‡b aŸsm I m„wói wewPÎ Abyf‡ei cÖZxK, †Zgwb
PÊxi wewPÎ iƒcKíbvi g‡a¨I GB †ev‡ai Awfe¨w³ N‡U‡Q| ÔAvMgbxÕ KweZvi G¨vwbgvi Aïf iƒ‡ci
cÖZxK wKš‘ cwiYv‡g mvgvwRK ïfgqZvi cÖZ¨vkx| bRi“‡ji mgKvj¯úkx© Abyf‚wZ I AvKv•¶vi m‡½
mvag©¨m~‡ÎB wke I PÊxi wg_-Drm cybR©vZ n‡q‡Q |
fviZxq wg‡_i Hk¦h©gq RMr bRi“‡ji Rxebv‡eM I wkív‡e‡Mi †¶‡Î †h Av‡jvob m„wó K‡i‡Q,
Zvi Av‡e`b `~imÂvix| Ae‡PZbvi wbM~p ¯ú›`‡b wZwb wg_-Dr‡mi wkím~² cÖ‡qvM K‡i‡Qb|
K‡qKwU `„óvš—,
1. ˆ_ ZvÊe AvR cvÊe mg LvÊe-`vn PvB!
 (ÔiY-†fix' : AwMœ-exYv)
2. fviZ e¯¿nxb hLb
†Ku‡` WvK&j—bvivqY!
Zzwg j¾vnvix Ki‡j G‡m j¾v wbeviY,
ZvB †`k-†`ªvc`xi e¯¿ ni&‡Z cvi&j bv `ytkvmb †Pvi||
(ÔPiKvi Mvb' : we‡li euvkx')
3. †ng-wMwi wk‡i
nviv mZx Dgv n‡q wd‡i
†W‡KwQj †fvjvbv‡_ Ggwb †m †PbvK‡É nvq,
†Ku‡`wQj wPi-mZx cwZ-wcÖqv wcÖ‡q Zvi †c‡Z cybivq!
(c~RvwiYx' : †`vjb-Puvcv)

4. I‡i fq bvB Avi, `ywjqv D‡V‡Q wngvjq-Pvcv cÖvPx,

†MŠix wkL‡i Zzwnb †fw`qv RvwM‡Q me¨mvPx!
Øvci hy‡Mi g„Zz¨ †Vwjqv
Rv‡M gnv‡hvMx bqb †gwjqv,
gnvfvi‡Zi gnvexi Rv‡M, e‡j ÔAvwg AvwmqvwQ|'
weivU Kv‡ji AÁvZevm †fw`qv cv_© Rv‡M,
MvÊxe aby ivwOqv DwVj j¶ jv¶v iv‡M!
(me¨mvPx' : dwY-gbmv)

D×…wZmg~n wg‡_i cÖwZiƒcKxq (Allegorical) cÖ‡qv‡Mi mv_©K `„óvš—| Kwe-Ae‡PZbvi Awek¦vm¨

kw³i GK R½g bRiæ‡ji GB me KweZv| K…òvRy©b KZ…©K LvÊeeb `vnb, †`ªŠc`xi e¯¿niY,
`ytkvm‡bi i³cv‡bi wnsmª Zxeª iƒc wKsev e„nbœjviƒcx ARy©‡bi bekw³e‡j cybR©vZ nIqvi cÖm½‡K
mgKvj¯úkx© †PZbvi Abyl‡½ cwiYZ K‡i‡Qb bRi“j Bmjvg| †`ªŠc`x GLv‡b †`k-gvZ…Kvi cÖZxK,
`ytkvmb mvgªvR¨ev‡`i cÖZxK Ges ARy©b beRvMÖZ mgKvjxb Zvi“‡Y¨i A‡gq kw³‡K aviY K‡iB
GLv‡b iƒcvwqZ| Z…Zxq D×…wZ‡Z gnvfviZ-kvwš— c‡e©i weL¨vZ NUbvs‡ki Aš—g©q e¨envi N‡U‡Q
Kwe‰PZ‡b¨i we‡kl Dcjwä cÖKv‡ki Abyl‡½| AvL¨vbagx© wg_-Drm wbe©vP‡bi †cQ‡b Kwe-gb¯—‡Ë¡i
¯^iƒc mÜvb cÖ‡kœ gW& eW&wK‡bi we‡ePbv cÖvmw½K : When a great Poet uses the stories that
have taken shape in the fantasy of the community, it is not his individual
sensibility alone that he objectifies. Responding with unusual sensitiveness to
the words and images which already express the emotional experience of the
communitiy.(Bodkin 1973 : 9) bRi“‡ji Kwe-ms‡e`bv I Ae‡PZbv e„nËi Rb‡Mvôxi ¯§„wZ-
Drm I Av‡eMRxe‡b wµqvkxj wg_-Kvwnbx‡K be Zvrc‡h© web¨¯— K‡i‡Q| d‡j Gi MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv
n‡q‡Q me©Rbxb|

5
cÖ_g wek¦hy×-cieZx© beavivi Kweiv cvðv‡Z¨i mvwnZ¨-wkí I b›`bfvebvi mgvšÍiv‡j d«‡qWxq
gbtmgxÿY ZË¡Õi PP©vqI g‡bv‡hvMx nb| Gi m‡½ wgwjZ nq mgKvjxb mvwnZ¨ Av‡›`vj‡bi Ab¨Zg
†eMevb aviv civev¯Íeev‡`i A½xKvi| Rxebvb›` `vk, myax›`ªbv_ `Ë, eyׇ`e emy I weòz †` cÖgy‡Li
KweZv mivmwi d«‡qW wKsev BqyO-d«vB-Gi wPšÍv Øviv cÖfvweZ| GBme Kwei A‡bK KweZv d«‡qW-
BqyO-d«vB-jvKuv-eøy‡gi Z‡Ë¡i mnvqZvq e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq|
 GKRb gvby‡li evB‡ii Rxeb KZK¸‡jv RvMwZK wbqg Øviv wbqwš¿Z| evB‡ii wbqge× A_P
gvÎveûj Rxe‡bi AšÍiv‡j †h g‡bvgq Rxeb cÖengvb, Zvi MwZ I ˆewPΨ gyûgyû© Av‡jv-AÜKv‡ii
GK e¨vL¨vZxZ Aefvm ˆZwi K‡i| ZLb Abyf~wZi cÖKvkiƒc `vuovq G-iKg :
Av‡jv-AÜKv‡i hvB- gv_vi wfZ‡i
¯^cœ bq, †Kvb& GK †eva KvR K‡i!
¯^cœ bq- kvwšÍ bq- fv‡jvevmv bq,
ü`‡qi gv‡S GK †eva Rb¥ jq!
Avwg Zv‡i cvwi bv Gov‡Z,
†m Avgvi nvZ iv‡L nv‡Z;
me KvR Zz”Q nq,- cÊ g‡b nq,
me wPšÍv- cÖv_©bvi mKj mgq
k~b¨ g‡b nq,
k~b¨ g‡b nq!
(Ô†evaÕ, a~mi cvÊywjwc, Rxebvb›` `vk)

wKsev GB me cwiw¯’wZ‡Z †mŠ›`h© I ˆbwZKZvi cÖ_vMZ aviYv Zvrch©nxb g‡b nq| cÖwZwôZ †hŠw³K
KvVv‡gv¸‡jv‡K A‡hŠw³K g‡b n‡Z _v‡K Ñ weKj n‡q hvq wPšÍvkw³ (thinking), †evavZxZ we¯§‡qi
g‡a¨B RvMiY N‡U Ae‡PZ‡bi| GB Ae‡PZ‡bi MwZ wewPÎ wKš‘ †PZb‡jvK Zvi cÖ‡qvRb| Zvi
MwZwewai cÖgvYcÎ n‡”Q †PZb¯Íi| Ab¨w`‡K Ae‡PZb †PZb‡jvK‡KB m¤ú~Y©Zvi wbqvgK|

Rxebvb›` `v‡ki µgvqZ Kve¨hvÎvq e¨w³MZ Ae‡PZb A‡cÿv †hŠ_ Ae‡PZb (collective
unconscious) I AbšÍ mgqMÖwš’i e¨envi jÿ Kiv hvq| AwfÁZv we¯Ív‡ii m‡½ m‡½ GB
Ae‡PZb‡jvKI MwZ I ˆewP‡Î¨ AmvaviY n‡q D‡V‡Q| Ges Zuvi KweZvq e¨w³-Ae‡PZ‡bi web¨vmI
eûgyLx| cÖ_g ch©v‡qi KweZvq AvKv•ÿv (desire) I gbtMÖwš’i (fixation) m‡½ gb¯ÍvwË¡K
cÖZ¨ve„wËi (psychological regression) cÖKvk my¯úó| †m-me KweZvq Ae‡PZ‡bi cÖeZ©bv ¯úó
iƒc jvf K‡i‡Q, †m¸‡jvi Ab¨Zg n‡”Q a~mi cvÊzwjwcÕi Ôwccvmvi MvbÕ I ebjZv †mb Kv‡e¨i
ÔnvIqvi ivZÕ I ÔAÜKviÕ KweZv| Avw`K‡íi cÖeZ©bvq c„w_ex GLv‡b gvZ…iƒ‡ci cÖZxK;Ñ hvi
De©iZv Kwei g‡a¨ †cÖiYv †hvMvq dmj n‡q Rb¥vevi : Ô†Kv‡bv GK AÜKv‡i Avwg/ hLb hvBe PÕ‡j Ñ
Avievi Avwme wK bvwg/ A‡bK wccvmv j‡q G gvwUi Z‡i/ †Zvgv‡`i wf‡o !Õ wcZ…cÖwZg bÿÎ I
gvZ…cÖwZgv g„b¥q gvwU - G `yÕ†qi gvSLv‡b Kwei Ae¯’vb| wcZ…kw³i AvµgYvZ¥K evav gvZ…iƒc‡K
ÿZweÿZ Ki‡Z D`¨Z: Ôwng nvIqv †hb mv`v K¼v‡ji nv‡Z/ G †`‡n‡i G‡m a‡i, Ñ/ e¨_v †`q!Õ
wcZ…iƒ‡ci AvµgYvZ¥K ¯^fve Av‡iv Zxeª nq hLb †m Pvlv iƒ‡c Kv‡¯Í nv‡Z Avwef©~Z nq :
†Kev GB Pvlv,Ñ
Kv‡¯Í nv‡Z, Ñ KwVb, Ñ KvgyK,Ñ
Avgv‡`i meUzKz e¨_vfiv myL
D‡”Q` Kwi‡e G‡m GKv! ÑÑ
wcZ…kw³i Avµg‡Y cÖZ¨ve„wËi AvKv•ÿv Zxeª n‡q Kwe-g‡b : Ôbÿ‡Îi cv‡b †h‡Z †h‡Z/ c_ fz‡j
evi evi c„wv_exi †ÿ‡Z/ Rwb¥‡ZwQ Avwg GK meyR dmj ! ÑÕ wcZ„iƒc bÿ‡Îi gy‡LvgywL n‡Z PvB‡jI
e¨_© n‡q Kwe mg¯Í †`n w`‡q gvwUi AvNÖvY, avbxmyiv cvb I R‡ji ¯úk© AvKv•ÿv K‡i:
†ng‡šÍi †iv‡`ªi gZb
dm‡ji ¯Íb
AvOz‡j wbOvwi
GK †ÿZ Qvwo
Ab¨ †ÿ‡Z Pwje wK †f‡m
G meyR †`‡k
Avi GK evi! ïwbe wK Mvb
†XD‡`i!- R‡ji AvNÖvY
 je ey‡K Zz‡j
Avwg c_ fz‡j
Avwme wK G c‡_ Avevi!

wcZ…cÖwZg bÿÎ I gvZ…cÖwZgv g„b¥q gvwU - G `yÕ†qi gvSLv‡b Kwei Ae¯’vb| g„Z bÿ‡Îi Abyf‡ei
g‡a¨ BwWcvm-M~‰plvi cÖwZwe¤^‡bi AvKv•ÿvB †hb gyL¨ n‡q I‡V| Kwei AvKv•ÿv-c~i‡Yi †ÿ‡Î
cÖwZeÜK n‡jv bÿÎ Ñ hvi g„Ziƒc Avbw›`Z K‡i Kwe‡K| Zvui eûj e¨eüZ cÖZx‡Ki g‡a¨ AvKvk,
bÿÎ, AÜKvi, g„wËKv ev Nvm D‡jøL‡hvM¨| wcZ…cwÖ Zg bÿÎ I gvZ…cÖwZgv g„b¥q gvwU - G `yÕ†qi
gvSLv‡b Kwei Ae¯’vb| g„Z bÿ‡Îi Abyf‡ei g‡a¨ BwWcvm-M~‰plvi cÖwZwe¤^‡bi AvKv•ÿvB †hb gyL¨
n‡q I‡V|

Mfxi nvIqvi ivZ wQj Kvj- AmsL¨ bÿ‡Îi ivZ;

mviv ivZ we¯ÍxY© nvIqv Avgvi gkvwi‡Z †L‡j‡Q;
gkvwiUv dz‡j D‡V‡Q KL‡bv †gŠmygx mgy‡`ªi †c‡Ui g‡Zv,
KL‡bv weQvbv wQu‡o
bÿ‡Îi w`‡K D‡o †h‡Z †P‡q‡Q;
GK-GKevi g‡b nw”Qj Avgvi- Av‡av Ny‡gi wfZi nq‡Zv-
gv_vi Dci gkvwi †bB Avgvi,
¯^vZx Zvivi †Kvj †Nu‡l bxj nvIqvi mgy‡`ªi kv`v e‡Ki g‡Zv
Do‡Q †m!

dz‡j IVv gkvwi Mwf©bx gv‡qi †c‡Ui cÖZxK n‡q I‡V| Avi bÿ‡Îi w`‡K P‡j hvIqvi A_© wcZ…-
gvZ…kw³i wgjb-cÖwµqv| wcZ…kw³i cÖZxK bÿ·K g„Z †`Lvi AvKv•ÿv Kwei : Ômg¯Í g„Z bÿ‡Îiv
Kvj †R‡M D‡VwQj- AvKv‡k GK wZj dvuK wQj bv;/ c„w_exi mg¯Í a~mi wcÖq g„Z‡`i gyLI †mB
bÿ‡Îi/ wfZi †`‡LwQ Avwg;Õ †h-Kvi‡Y gvZ…kw³i AvµgYvZ¥K iƒc †`L‡Z Pvq Kwei Ae‡PZb|
Ôg„Z AvKvkÕ Ges ÔnvRvi nvRvi eQi Av‡M g‡iÕ hvIqv g„Z bÿ‡Îi cÖZxK LyeB Zvrch©c~Y©| Avi
Kwei Kvg¨ weRwqbx gvZ…kw³i Qvqv ev shadow n‡q ‡`Lv †`q Ô Gwkwiqvq, wgk‡i, wew`kvq g‡iÕ
hvIqv iƒcmxiv Ñ hviv ÔAwZ`~i AvKv‡ki mxgvbvi Kzqvkvq Kzkvq `xN© ek©v nv‡Z/ K‡i KvZv‡i KvZv‡i
`uvwo‡qÕ hvq| Ôwms‡ni û¼v‡i Drwÿß nwir cÖvšÍ‡iÕ wcZ…kw³i civf‡ei j‡ÿ¨ gvZ…-kw³i
AvµgYvZ¥K iƒc :

wgj‡bvb¥Ë evwNbxi MR©‡bi g‡Zv AÜKv‡ii PÂj weivU mRxe †ivgk D”Q¡v‡m,
Rxe‡bi `y`©všÍ bxj gËZvq!

Avi gvZ…iƒ‡ci m‡½ wgj‡bi AvKv•ÿvq ÔGKUv `yišÍ kKz‡bi g‡ZvÕ Kwei ü`q Ôc„w_ex wQu‡o D‡oÕ
hvq| G-KweZvq gvZ…iƒ‡ci AvµgYvZ¥K iƒc iPbvi g‡a¨ Cw`cvm AvKv•ÿv (Oidipus desire)
wbM~p f~wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Q| wcZ…kw³i †cÖ‡gi cÖwZ gvZ…kw³i ‡cÖg AvµgYvZ¥K nIqvq Kwei g‡a¨
Aciva‡evaI Rb¥ †bq| G-Kvi‡YB ‡cÖg‡K Kwei Kv‡Q Kv‡Q fqvbK g‡b n‡q‡Q| ÔAÜKviÕ
gb¯ÍvwË¡K cÖZ¨ve„wËi Av‡iK D¾¡j `„óvšÍ| G-KweZvqI wcZ…kw³i AvµgYvZ¥K ¯^fv‡ei Kvi‡YB
Kwe‰PZb¨ wd‡i Av‡m gvZ…iƒc c„w_ex‡Z : ÔnVvr ‡fv‡ii Av‡jvi g~L© D”Q¡v‡m wb‡R‡K c„w_exi Rxe
e‡j/ eyS‡Z †c‡iwQ Avevi|Õ

Rxebvb›` `v‡ki KweZvq Av‡K©UvBc wn‡m‡e evievi e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q Rb¥všÍi I kvk¦Z bvixi
iƒcKí| G Qvov civev¯Íe KweZvsk¸‡jv‡Z Ae‡PZ‡bi wewPÎiƒc cÖKvk bZzb bZzb Zvrc‡h© Awfe¨³
n‡q‡Q|
mnvqK MÖš’

Bodkin, Maud 1973 : 'Archetypal Patterns in Tragic Poetry', Myths and Motifs in
Literature, Edited by David J.Burrows, Frederick R. Lapides and John T. Shawcross,
New York,

Frye,Northrop 1977 : 'The Archetypes of Literature', Twentieth Century Criticism,

Edited by David Lodge, Longman, London

Jung, C. G. 1961 : Modern Man: In Search of a Soul, Routledge and Kegan Paul,
London

Jung, C. G. 1977 : Archetypes of the Collective Unconscious, Twentieth Century

Criticism, Edited by David Lodge, Longman, London

Lacan, Jaques 1977: `The Mirrorr Image’, Ecritis-1-7, London

Matte Blanco, Ignacio 1998 : The Unconscious as Infinite sets : An Essay in Bi-
Logic, H. Karnac Books Ltd, London

Rayner, Eric 1995 : Unconscious and Logic : An Intriduction to Matte Blanco’s Bi-
Logic and its Uses, Routledge, New York

Richter, David H. 1989 : The Critical Tradition: Classic Text and Contemporary
Trends, Bedford Books, Boston

Saussure, Ferdinand de 1974 : Course in General Linguistic, England

CMjUb, †Uwi 2004 : mvwnZ¨ZË¡ ( Abyev` : †Lv›`Kvi Avkivd †nv‡mb), wbD GR cvewj‡Kkb, XvKv

BqyO, Kvj© ¸¯Ívf 1406 : ¯^cœ cÖZxK ( Abyev`: AiƒciZb emy), `xcvqb, KjKvZv

†nv‡mb, †Lv›`Kvi Avkivd 2006 : ÔgbtmgxÿYev`x mvwnZ¨ZË¡Õ, DjyLvMov, cÖ_g el©/PZz_© msL¨v
(m¤úv`K: ˆmq` AvKig †nv‡mb), †g-Ryb 2006, XvKv