L4978

2A STEP DOWN SWITCHING REGULATOR

1 Features Figure 1. Packages

■ UP TO 2A STEP DOWN CONVERTER
■ OPERATING INPUT VOLTAGE FROM 8V TO
55V
■ PRECISE 3.3V (±1%) INTERNAL DIP-8 SO16W
REFERENCE VOLTAGE
■ OUTPUT VOLTAGE ADJUSTABLE FROM Table 1. Order Codes
3.3V TO 50V
■ SWITCHING FREQUENCY ADJUSTABLE UP Part Number Package
TO 300KHz L4978 DIP-8
■ VOLTAGE FEEDFORWARD L4978D SO16
■ ZERO LOAD CURRENT OPERATION L4978D013TR SO16 in Tape & Reel
■ INTERNAL CURRENT LIMITING (PULSE-
BYPULSE AND HICCUP MODE)
■ INHIBIT FOR ZERO CURRENT efficency and high switching speed.
CONSUMPTION A switching frequency up to 300KHz is achievable
■ PROTECTION AGAINST FEEDBACK (the maximum power dissipation of the packages
DISCONNECTION must be observed). A wide input voltage range be-
■ THERMAL SHUTDOWN tween 8V to 55V and output voltages regulated
■ SOFT START FUNCTION from 3.3V to 50V cover the majority of today’s ap-
plications. Features of this new generations of DC-
DC converter include pulse-by-pulse current limit,
2 DESCRIPTION hiccup mode for short circuit protection, voltage
The L4978 is a step down monolithic power feedforward regulation, soft-start, protection
switching regulator delivering 2A at a voltage be- against feedback loop disconnection, inhibit for
tween 3.3V and 50V (selected by a simple external zero current consumption and thermal shutdown.
divider). Realized in BCD mixed technology, the
The device is available in plastic dual in line, DIP-
device uses an internal power D-MOS transistor
8 for standard assembly, and SO16W for SMD as-
(with a typical Rdson of 0.25Ω) to obtain very high
sembly.
Figure 2. Typical Application Circuit
Vi=8V to 55V
5
8
R1
20K
3
L4978
4
C1 C7 C2 L1
220µF 220nF 2.7nF 2 7 1 6 VO=3.3V/2A
126µH
63V (77120)
C6
R2 100nF D1
9.1K ST C8
C5 330µF
PS3L60U
100nF C4
22nF

D98IN837A

Rev. 9
May 2005 1/13
L4978

Table 2. Block Diagram

VCC
5

THERMAL VOLTAGES
SHUTDOWN MONITOR
CBOOT
CHARGE
2 INTERNAL INTERNAL
SS_INH INHIBIT SOFTSTART
REFERENCE SUPPLY 5.1V
3.3V
7
COMP 6
BOOT
8 E/A
FB PWM
R
Q CBOOT
3.3V S CHARGE
DRIVE AT LIGHT
LOADS
OSCILLATOR

3 1 4
OSC GND OUT D97IN594

Figure 3. Pins Connection (Top view)

N.C. 1 16 N.C.
GND 2 15 N.C.
GND 1 8 FB SS_INH 3 14 FB
SS_INH 2 7 COMP OSC 4 13 COMP
OSC 3 6 BOOT OUT 5 12 BOOT
OUT 4 5 VCC OUT 6 11 VCC
D97IN595 N.C. 7 10 N.C.
N.C. 8 9 N.C.
D97IN596

DIP-8 SO16W

Table 3. Pin Description

N° Pin Name Function

1 2 GND Ground

2 3 SS_INH A logic signal (active low) disables the device (sleep mode operation).
A capacitor connected between this pin and ground determines the soft start time.
When this pin is grounded disables the device (driven by open collector/drain).

3 4 OSC An external resistor connected between the unregulated input voltage and this pin
and a capacitor connected from this pin to ground fix the switching frequency. (Line
feed forward is automatically obtained)

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 L4978

Table 3. Pin Description (continued)

N° Pin Name Function

4 5, 6 OUT Stepdown regulator output

5 11 VCC Unregulated DC input voltage

6 12 BOOT A capacitor connected between this pin and OUT allows to drive the internal DMOS
Transistors

7 13 COMP E/A output to be used for frequency compensation

8 14 FB Stepdown feedback input. Connecting directly to this pin results in an output voltage
of 3.3V. An external resistive divider is required for higher output voltages.

(*) Pins 1, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15 and 16 are not internally, electrically connected to the die.

Table 4. Thermal Data

Symbol Parameter Minidip SO16 Unit
Rth(j-amb) Thermal Resistance Junction to ambient Max. 90 (*) 110 (*) °C/W
(*) Package mounted on board.

Table 5. Absolute Maximum Ratings

Symbol
Parameter Value Unit
Minidip S016

V5 V11 Input voltage 58 V

V4 V5,V6 Output DC voltage -1 V

Output peak voltage at t = 0.1ms f=200KHz -5 V
I4 I5,I6 Maximum output current int. limit.

V6-V5 V12-V11 14 V

V6 V12 Bootstrap voltage 70 V

V7 V13 Analogs input voltage (VCC= 24V) 12 V

V2 V3 Analogs input voltage (VCC= 24V) 13 V

V8 V14 (VCC= 20V) 6 V
-0.3 V

Ptot Power dissipation a Tamb ≤ 60°C

DIP-8 1 W
SO16 0.8 W
Tj,Tstg Junction and storage temperature -40 to 150 °C

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L4978

Table 6. Electrical Characteristcs

(Tj = 25°C, Cosc = 2.7nF, Rosc = 20kΩ, VCC = 24V, unless otherwise specified). “● " Specification Referred
to Tj from 0 to 125°C
Symbol Parameter Test Condition Min. Typ. Max. Unit
DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTIC
VI Operating input voltage range Vo = 3.3 to 50V; Io = 2A ● 8 55 V
Vo Output voltage Io = 0.5A 3.33 3.36 3.39 V
Io = 0.2 to 2A 3.292 3.36 3.427 V
Vcc = 8 to 55V ● 3.22 3.36 3.5 V
Vd Dropout voltage Vcc = 10V; Io = 2A 0.58 0.733 V
● 1.173 V
Il Maximum limiting current Vcc = 8 to 55V ● 2.5 3 3.5 A
Efficiency Vo = 3.3V; Io= 2A 87 %
fs Switching frequency ● 90 100 110 KHz
SVRR Supply voltage ripple rejection Vi = Vcc+2VRMS; Vo= Vref; 60 dB
Io = 2.5A; f ripple= 100Hz
Switching Frequency Stability Vcc = 8 to 55V 3 6 %
vs. Vcc
Temp. stability of switching Tj = 0 to 125°C 4 %
frequency
SOFT START
Soft start charge current 30 40 50 µA
Soft start discharge current 6 10 14 µA
INHIBIT
VLL Low level voltage ● 0.9 V
IsLL Isource Low level ● 5 15 µA
DC CHARACTERISTICS
Iqop Total operating quiescent 4 6 mA
current
Iq Quiescent current Duty Cycle = 0; VFB= 3.8V 2.5 3.5 mA
Iqst-by Total stand-by quiescent Vinh < 0.9V 100 200 µA
current
Vcc = 55V; Vinh<0.9V 150 300 µA
ERROR AMPLIFIER
VFB Voltage Feedback Input 3.33 3.36 3.39 V
RL Line regulation Vcc = 8 to 55V 5 10 mV
Ref. voltage stability vs ● 0.4 mV/°C
temperature
VoH High level output voltage VFB = 2.5V 10.3 V
VoL Low level output voltage VFB = 3.8V 0.65 V
Io source Source output current Vcomp= 6V; VFB= 2.5V 180 220 µA
Io sink Sink output current Vcomp = 6V; VFB= 3.8V 200 300 µA
Ib Source bias current 2 3 µA
SVRR E/A Supply voltage ripple rejection Vcomp = VFB; Vcc = 8 to 55V 60 80 dB
DC open loop gain RL = ∞ 50 57 dB
gm Transconductance Icomp = -0.1 to 0.1mA 2.5 mS
Vcomp = 6V

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 L4978

Table 6. Electrical Characteristcs

(Tj = 25°C, Cosc = 2.7nF, Rosc = 20kΩ, VCC = 24V, unless otherwise specified). “● " Specification Referred
to Tj from 0 to 125°C
Symbol Parameter Test Condition Min. Typ. Max. Unit
OSCILLATOR SECTION
Ramp Valley 0.78 0.85 0.92 V
Ramp peak Vcc = 8V 2 2.15 2.3 V
Vcc = 55V 9 9.6 10.2 V
Maximum duty cycle 95 97 %
Maximum Frequency Duty Cycle = 0% 300 kHz
Rosc = 13kΩ, Cosc = 820pF

Figure 4. Test and evaluation board circuit.

Vi=8V to 55V
5
8
R1
20K
3
L4978 VO=3.3V/2A
4
C1 C7 C2 L1
220µF 220nF 2.7nF 2 7 1 6
126µH
63V (77120) R3
C6
R2 100nF D1
C5 9.1K C8
100nF STPS3L60U 330µF
C4 R4
22nF

D98IN834B

L4978
C1=220µF/63V EKE
C2=2.7nF VO(V) R3(KΩ) R4(KΩ)
C5=100nF 3.3 0
C6=100nF
C7=220nF/63V 5.1 2.7 4.7
C8=330µF/35V CG Sanyo 12 12 4.7
L1=126µH KoolMu 77120 - 55 Turns - 0.5mm
R1=20K 15 16 4.7
R2=9.1K 18 20 4.7
D1=STPS3L60U
24 30 4.7

Figure 5. PCB and component layout of the figure 4.

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L4978

Figure 6. Quiescent drain current vs. input Figure 9. Line Regulation

voltage. .
Iq D97IN724 VO D97IN733
(mA) (V)
200KHz
R1=22K 3.377
C2=1.2nF Tj=125˚C
5
3.376
100KHz
R1=20K 3.375
4 C2=2.7nF
Tj=25˚C
3.374
3 0Hz 3.373

3.372
2
Tamb=25˚C 3.371
0% DC
1 3.370
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Vcc(V) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 VCC(V)

Figure 7. Quiescent current vs. junction Figure 10. Load regulation

temperature .
D97IN731 VO D98IN835
Iq
(V)
(mA)
3.378 VCC=35V
200KHz
5 R1=22K 3.376
C2=1.2nF
3.374
4 100KHz 3.372 Tj=25˚C
R1=20K
C2=2.7nF 3.370 Tj=125˚C

3 3.368
0Hz
3.366
VCC=35V
2 0% DC 3.364
3.362
1 3.360
-50 -30 -10 10 30 50 70 90 110 Tj(˚C) 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 IO(A)

Figure 8. Stand by drain current vs. input Figure 11. Switching frquency vs. R1 and C2
voltage. .
Ibias D97IN732 fsw D97IN784
(µA) (KHz)
150 Vss=GND
500 Tamb=25˚C

140 Tj=25˚C
0.8
2nF
130 200
1.2
nF
120 100
2.2
nF
110
50 3.3n
100 Tj=125˚C F

90 4.7n
F
20
5.6n
80 F

10
70
60 5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 VCC(V) 0 20 40 60 80 R1(KΩ)

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 L4978

Figure 12. Switching Frequency vs. input Figure 15. Efficiency vs output voltage.
voltage.. .
[%]
fsw D97IN735
98
(KHz)
fsw=100kHz
96
107.5
94
105.0 fsw=200kHz

92
102.5 Tj=25˚C
90
100.0
88
97.5
86

95.0 84
Vcc=35V
92.5 82 Io=2A

90.0 80
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 VCC(V) Vo [V]

Figure 13. Switching frequency vs. junction Figure 16. Efficiency vs. output current.
temperature. .
[%]
fsw D97IN785
95
(KHz) Vcc=8V
Vcc=12V
90

105
85
Vcc=24V
80
100
75
Vcc=48V

70
95
fsw=100kHz
65 Vo=5.1V

90 60
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2
-50 0 50 100 Tj(˚C) Io [A]

Figure 14. Dropout voltage between pin 5 and Figure 17. Efficiency vs. output current.
4. .
∆V D98IN836 [%]
(V) 95

0.7 Vcc=8V
Tj=125˚C 90

0.6
85
Vcc=12V
0.5 5˚C
=2
Tj 80
0.4
Vcc=24V
75
0.3 Tj=-25˚C
70
0.2
Vo=3.36V
65 fsw=100kHz
0.1 Vcc=48V

0.0 60
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 IO(A) Io [A]

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L4978

Figure 18. Efficiency vs. output current. Figure 21. Power dissipation vs. Vcc.
. .
Pdiss [mW]
D97IN740
η 1000
(%) VCC=8V
Vo=5.1V
90 fsw=100kHz
VCC=12V
800
Io=2A
85 VCC=24V

600
80 Io=1A
VCC=48V
Io=1.5A
75 400

70 fsw=200KHz Io=0.5A
VO=5.1V 200
65

0
60 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 IO(A)
Vcc [V]

Figure 19. Efficiency vs. output current. Figure 22. Device Power dissipation vs. Vo
. .
Pdiss [mW]
η D97IN741
1400
(%)
Vcc=35V
VCC=8V fsw=100kHz
90 1200
Io=2A

85 VCC=12V 1000

80 Io=1.5A
VCC=24V
800

75
600
Io=1A
70
VCC=48V 400
Io=0.5A
65 fsw=200KHz
VO=3.36V 200
60
0
55 0 10 20 30
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 IO(A) Vo [V]

Figure 20. Efficiency vs. Vcc. Figure 23. Pulse by pulse limiting current vs.
. junction temperature..
n [%] Ilim D97IN747
90 (A)
Vo=5.1V fsw=100kHz
fsw=100KHz
2.9 VCC=35V

85
Vo=5.1V fsw=200kHz 2.8

Vo=3.36V fsw=100kHz
2.7
80

Vo=3.36V fsw=200kHz 2.6

75 2.5
Io=2A
2.4

70
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 2.3
Vcc [V] -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 Tj(˚C)

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 L4978

Figure 24. Load transient. Figure 27. Soft start capacitor selection Vs
. inductor and Vccmax.
L D97IN746
(µH)
fsw=200KHz 56nF

300 47nF

200 33nF

22nF
100

0
15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 VCCmax(V)

Figure 25. Line transient. Figure 28. Open loop frequency and phase of
. error amplifier .
VCC D97IN786 GAIN D97IN787
(dB) Phase
(V)
30
50
GAIN
20
0 0
10
VO -50 45
1
(mV)
IO = 1A
fsw = 100KHz
100
-100 90
2 0 Phase

-150 135
-100
1ms/DIV
-200
10 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 f(Hz)

Figure 26. Soft start capacitor selection Vs

inductor and Vccmax.
D97IN745
L 680nF
(µH) 470nF
fsw=100KHz
400

330nF
300

200 220nF

100
100nF

0
15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 VCCmax(V)

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L4978

3 Package Informations
Figure 29. DIP-8 Mechanical Data & Package Dimensions

mm inch
DIM. OUTLINE AND
MIN. TYP. MAX. MIN. TYP. MAX.
MECHANICAL DATA
A 3.32 0.131

a1 0.51 0.020

B 1.15 1.65 0.045 0.065

b 0.356 0.55 0.014 0.022

b1 0.204 0.304 0.008 0.012

D 10.92 0.430

E 7.95 9.75 0.313 0.384

e 2.54 0.100

e3 7.62 0.300

e4 7.62 0.300

F 6.6 0.260

I 5.08 0.200

L 3.18 3.81 0.125 0.150 DIP-8

Z 1.52 0.060

10/13
 L4978

Figure 30. SO16 Wide Mechanical Data & Package Dimensions

mm inch
DIM. OUTLINE AND
MIN. TYP. MAX. MIN. TYP. MAX.
MECHANICAL DATA
A 2.35 2.65 0.093 0.104

A1 0.10 0.30 0.004 0.012

B 0.33 0.51 0.013 0.200

C 0.23 0.32 0.009 0.013

D (1) 10.10 10.50 0.398 0.413

E 7.40 7.60 0.291 0.299

e 1.27 0.050

H 10.0 10.65 0.394 0.419

h 0.25 0.75 0.010 0.030

L 0.40 1.27 0.016 0.050

k 0˚ (min.), 8˚ (max.)

ddd 0.10 0.004

(1) “D” dimension does not include mold flash, protusions or gate SO16 (Wide)
burrs. Mold flash, protusions or gate burrs shall not exceed
0.15mm per side.

0016021 C

11/13
L4978

Table 7. Revision History

Date Revision Description of Changes

October 2001 8 First Issue

May 2005 9 Modified D1 on the Fig. 4.

12/13
 L4978

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