Homework for the next week:

1. Vocabulary for IELTS Advanced by Cambridge to complete - link -

http://www.alleng.ru/d/engl_en/eng125.htm

2. IELTS Cambridge 11 4 Listening and 4 Reading tests.

3. Writing Task 2 Topic:
Today many companies use advertisements on the Internet. Why? What problems does it create?
(BE CAREFUL- THE TOPIC IS SPECIFIC – ON THE INTERNET!!!)

4.1 Task 1 Academic

4.2 Task 1 General Training

5. Write 10 sentences and use the following structures.

1. While/Whereas/Although + sentence 1, sentence 2 - to show the opposite side:

While using online shopping websites to order products can have some benefits, this option also leads to
more significant drawbacks (in outweigh essays!)

2. Using gerunds in the beginning of a sentence:

Providing people with high-paying jobs is one of the key reasons for job satisfaction.

3. Using 'in the sense that'/'meaning that'= which means that":

Cosmis research may prevent possible threats to our planet, meaning that spacecrafts and satellites can
determine asteroids and other cosmic bodies which can collide with Earth.

4. Using given (that) = considering that:

Given the problems of big cities, it is not wise to develop suburban regions.

5. Using as and since instead of because:

People live in rural areas because air in such regions is clean.
BUT
People live in rural areas as/since air in such regions is clean.

6. Using "which" which refers to the whole sentence - independent clause:

Companies use many methods to promote products, which can help them increase their sales.

7. Using "with someone doing something" - to show two linked processes happening at the same time:
With salaries increasing, people can achieve better standards of living.
The low cost of airline tickets can be useful for tourists, with local people in many countries earning from
tourism.
8. Using "as well as" - Show two aspects together (best for conclusions and introductions) :
Cyberbullying can target individuals as well as companies.

9. Show who can benefit because of what - Thanks to:

Thanks to advanced health care system, even low-income families can cover their medical expenses.

10. To specify - particularly due to/ especially:

The situation of public hospitals has worsened during the year, particularly due to the scarcity of resources
and services.
Water rationalization and conservation at all levels is key, especially in irrigation and industrial uses.

Speaking topics:
WRITING AND SPEAKING VOCABULARY
Happiness and money:

as nations become richer, the happiness of their citizens does not rise

Income/ money may not be the most important contributor to how happy most people are

money cannot buy happiness

income has a positive relationship with happiness (life satisfaction)

The impact of additional income is greatest

life has certainly become more comfortable

money can buy happiness, so long as the money is spent on someone else

people spent in gifts to others or gave to charity

happiness level increases as people become wealthier / richer

find happiness in everything/ wealth /

Advertising Vocabulary
Eye-catching / appealing advertising or irritating / appalling advertising

To advertise goods or commodities

To put / place advertisements on TV (radio) / to put commercials on TV

Flyers / billboards / banners / mouth-to-mouth marketing / email advertising / telephone advertising

Videos / trailers

Product placement = place ads on films

Celebrity endorsement = when famous people advertise goods

To sponsor events / to sponsor big sporting events

Sponsorship of tobacco

To endorse various products (many celebrities endorse activities)

To become popular overnight (immediately)

Brand popularity / brand awareness / brand recognition

Satisfied / Dissatisfied customers (customers showing content / discontent) (discontent = fulfillment )

To use different platforms to advertise goods (platforms – Internet, TV, radio advertisement)

Online advertisement

Ad removal / ad blocking (apply ad-blocking software)

To restore or break trust between advertisers and consumers

Adverts can be witty or humorous / memorable / persuasive / misleading customers

Word-of-mouth advertisement

To promote goods or commodities /

Advertising agency

Target audience / target (=focus) group

To make people look the same / make people similar

Decision making:

To make/take decisions / to decide what to do

a right to make their own decisions and their own mistakes

make a decision on your own / make a final / temporary decision

decision which is influenced by parents / parents should not interfere with their children's choice

parents are justified to interfere with their offspring`s choice of partner/ university …

intervene in the choices of their kids/ offsprings/ children

decision making is a responsible process regardless of what it is

Topic: Climate change
Ecological crisis (plural – crises) An ecological crisis occurs
when changes to the
environment of a species or
population destabilizes its
continued survival
Record levels Highest level
Exhaust fumes gases ejected from an engine
as waste products
Amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) a colourless, odourless gas
produced by burning carbon
and organic compounds
Poisonous very harmful and able to
cause illness or death
Toxic gases Poison gases that are
harmful to living things
Emit to release a beam, noise,
smell, or gas:
Global problem Problem relating to the
whole world; worldwide.
Irreversible effects Effects which are not
possible to change;
impossible to return to a
previous condition:
Global warming a gradual increase in the
earth’s temperature, caused
by gases, esp. carbon
dioxide, surrounding the
earth
causes X to do / results in X doing something / the reason why something,
leads to X doing something especially something bad,
happens:\
Consequence a result of a particular action
It has resulted in an
ecological crisis in
the Aral Sea.
We have also
achieved record
levels of health care
for all citizens.
Exhaust fumes, the
smell of the guns -
just another
beautiful day to be a
police officer in the
city of Los Angeles.
and what we try to
do now is track the
amount of carbon
dioxide in the entire
rock record
poisonous chemicals
Toxic gases emitted
(released) from cars
and plants
coal-fired power
stations continue to
emit large quantities
of sulfur dioxide
We are facing a
global problem that
demands global
action.
Irreversible effects
of global warming
Several hypotheses
for global warming
have been suggested.
Hunger also causes
children to do poorly
at school, thereby
damaging their
future economic
prospects.
Scientists think it is
 or situation, often one that is unlikely that any
bad or not convenient species will actually
become extinct as a
consequence of the
oil spill.
Have long-term / short-term consequences relating to a long/ short The long-term
period of time consequences of
such shifts in
socialization are
incalculable.
A clear / tight connection something that is easy or A clear / tight
simple to understand connection between
climate change and
ill-health
Flood Inundation,great stream of The flood inanuded
water several cities/
Floods are a frequent
accident /
occurrence.
frequent accident / occurrence an event, esp. one that Frequent industrial
happens unexpectedly: accidents, such that
of 13 November
2005 at Harbin, add
to the pollution load.
famine / Food shortage starvation, a lack of Famine stuck several
food/nutrition provinces
malnutrition a lack of eating The effects of
malnutrition on child
mortality in
developing
countries.
Heatwaves / extreme weather conditions a period of time when the We have suffered
weather is much hotter than from severe and
usual extreme weather
conditions.
Ice cap A covering of ice over a Polar Ice caps melt
large area
Rainfall The quantity of rain falling Periods of rainfalls
within a given area in a or drought
given time
Drought A prolonged period of From hurricane to
abnormally low rainfall, droughts, weird
leading to a shortage of weather can shake
water up the economy
To have a severe / big / disastrous / devastating Highly destructive or Those social ills had
impact damaging result a particularly severe
impact on the most
vulnerable groups in
society.

impact result/ influence bullets that expand

and cause
devastating injury on
impact
Food wastage problem food is thrown or wasted Food wastage at the
retail and consumer

Side effect an unexpected result of a
situation
Affect to have an influence on
someone or something
Greenhouse effect The trapping of the sun's
warmth in a planet's lower
atmosphere
Power stations/plant a factory where electricity is
produced
Climate change changes in the world's
weather
International actions Actions occurring, or carried
on between two or more
nations.
Contaminate to make something
poisonous
Burning fossil fuel very hot natural fuel such as
coal or gas
Energy efficiency the goal to reduce the
amount of energy required
to provide products
Reducing waste Diminish/decrease
to work / to cycle to work/to reduce carbon Someone's carbon footprint
footprint is a measurement of the
amount of carbon dioxide
that their activities produce.
end of the value
chain is also a major
problem that
hampers the capacity
of the food system to
meet demands from
growing populations
and changing diets.
Side effects of
coastal flooding is
that people may be
homeless
human activity
affects people
Scientists predict
that this increase
may enhance the
greenhouse effect
making the planet
warmer
coal-fuelled power
stations should be
decommissioned
International action
on climate change
International actions
in the field of
environment and
development should
also address the
interests and needs
of all countries.
they contaminate air
using burning fossil
fuels (gas, coal, oil)
Almost 70 per cent
of the electrical
power is obtained by
burning fossil fuel at
thermal power
stations.
Energy efficiency is
critical to any
comprehensive
sustainable energy
strategy.
to minimize
pollution by
reducing waste .
minimise their
carbon footprint /
you add to the
world’s already
increasing carbon
footprint
Lightbulb A glass bulb inserted into a
switch to energy
lamp or a socket in a ceiling
efficient lightbulbs
Solar panel A panel designed to absorb an increasing
the sun's rays as a source of
number of solar
panels / to encourage
local residents to
install solar panels
To insulate Isolate to insulate their
houses well so that
less gas and
electricity is
consumed
Consumed Destroyed the fire spread
rapidly, consuming
many homes
large-scale / small-scale community projects Megaprojects/miniprojects typical women's
associations are
extremely active and
contribute
enormously to the
implementation of
large-scale
community projects.
Daily commute a journey from home to share a car on the
work in a day daily commute
to invest in renewables Extend money for source Introduce regulatory
of energy that is not measures that
depleted by use, such as improve grid access
water, wind, or solar and foster
power competition by
enabling new
independent and
local power
producers to invest
in renewable energy
projects.
Reliance the condition of to reduce the current
depending on something reliance on fossil
or someone fuels
Renewable energy energy that is produced renewable energy
using the sun, wind, etc., will help to reduce
or from crops, rather than Co2 emissions to an
using fuels such as oil or acceptable level
coal
Solar power Power obtained by to deploy much
harnessing the energy of more wind and solar
the sun's rays. power

Deploy Bring into effective A second priority for

action; utilize.
Illegal logging illegal practices related to
immediate response
will be deploying
troops engaged in
training
illegal logging in the
 the harvesting, processing Amazon Basin is
and trade in timber and still a major factor in
timber products climate change
to make a (small/big) contribution giving something away — to make
whether it's your money, contribution by not
your possessions, or your burning wood and
time other fossil fuels

ACADEMIC VOCABULARY

CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 R EADING – TEST 1

Already - not new - in vogue for some time

Grown indoors - hothouse production

Located-situated

Distance-transportation

Produce - return

Consumption - use

Cut - reduce

Vehicles - tractors

Need - require

Disadvantage - drawback

One form - one variation

Plant - grow

Not fixed - move on rails

Most probable - far more likely

Towns and cities - urban

Estimate - predict

Population change - demographic trends

Ecozones - areas where there is a natural community of plants and animals

-semi-arid - with little water

Crops - plants which are grown for food

Fertilisers - artificial chemicals added to the land to make crops grow bigger or more quickly

Infectious diseases - diseases that can pass from one plant to another by the wind or by insects

CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 – TEST 1 – PASSAGE 2

Put together - assembled

Components - parts

Manufactured - constructed

Ancient- historically important

A pair of-two

Lifted-raised

Shut out water-seal off from water

Taken out - removed

Rotate - turn

Move onto-pass onto

Directly-straight

Beneath-under
CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 – TEST 1 – PASSAGE 3

Based on-modelled on

Earlier-historic

Be successful - work

Common-generally

Refer to (v)-define (definition)

Tiny-minute

Create-form

Place-deposit

Sea-ocean

Encourage-stimulate

Create-form

Reduce the amount of light reaching earth- a global dimming

Strong- reinforced

Lose-shed

Allow-enable

Change the direction of -re-route

Bring more-increase

Worth exploring-shouldn‟t exclude thinking thoroughly

Limit the effectiveness-operate at half strength

Non-fossil-based fuels-renewable energy

Cannot be replaced-no substitute for

CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 R EADING – TEST 2

What caused the Mary Rose to sink-accounts of what happened to the ship

Most of-nearly all of

One side of the Mary Rose-the starboard half

Undamaged-intact

Contain-house

Many valuable historical objects - a treasure trove of beautifully preseved artefacts

Launched-initiated

Agreed-given the go-ahead

By-via

Place-locate

Lowered into - transferred underwater into

Extra protection-additional cushioning

CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 – TEST 2 – PASSAGE 2

An undisputed answer to a question-definitively proved

The statues-the moai

Made a situation worse-accelerated the self-destruction

Support-back up

The folklore-the local belief

View-vision

Build-construct

Needed-required

A great deal of-a lot of

CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 – TEST 2 – PASSAGE 3

Perceive the intention behind works of art-sense the artists‟ vision in paintings

Satisfying-rewarding

Work out-decipher

What a painting means-the meaning

Experiments-studies

Paintings-works

Carefully-meticulously

be put together-be composed

Emotions-feelings

Complexity-intricacy

Motifs-patterns-images

pleasing-appealing

Works of art-pieces

Occur frequently-are common

In the natural world-throughout nature

Require further verification- the hypothesis will need to be thoroughly tested

Trend of the period-fashion of the time

Rules-laws

People’s reactions to works of art - art appreciation

Insights-shed light on

CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 READING – TEST 3

Fell into-landed in

Invented-devised

Pull out-draw…from

Only-solely

Produce silk - the growing, harvesting and weaving

Were allowed-were entitled

Wear - have clothes made of silk

Evidence - indication

Precious metals - gold, silver

Hide-conceal

Decline-downfall

Valuable-precious·

Material-commodity

Tradesmen-merchants

The west-africa, sicily and spain

Currently-in more recent decades

CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 – TEST 3 – PASSAGE 2

Experts-biologists

According to-depending on
Straight-linear

Eat more than they need-overfeed

Difficulties-challenges

Ignore-resist

Rely on-be dependent on

Eyesight-vision

Avoid-keep safe from

Danger-likely to die

Narrow-only about 150 metres wide

CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 – TEST 3 – PASSAGE 3

Assume a lack of mathematical knowledge-omit the mathematics

Not a typical book-differs from most books

Other kinds of publication - a novel, a newspaper

Categories-types

Areas-parts

No more than a limited knowledge of arithmetic-a little arithmetic

Intuitive thinking-intuition

Leave out-omit

Is central to- provides the foundation of

Perform-carry out
CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 READING – TEST 4

Illnesses-ailments

Invented-coined

Study of epigenetics-work in epigenetics

Increase our knowledge-take our understanding even further

Mathematical method-statistical concept

Pioneered-first suggested

Lived apart- been separated at birth

The activity of our genes - how our genetic code is expressed

Organs - brains and all other parts of our bodies

Create-build

Uncover-reveal

Affect-impact

Suffers-experiences

CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 – TEST 4 – PASSAGE 2

Underestimate-overlook

Appearing to have similar personalities-film personality and life personality seem to merge

Dull-banal

Key elements - the absurdity of the humor of the film

Anticipate-foreshadow

Help-aid
Audience-viewer

Make connections within a film - linking scenes

Combined appropriately-mixed and balanced

Actor-performer

Appearance-physiognomy

Moves-gestures

Consistent with-fit

CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 – TEST 4 – PASSAGE 3

Language is the most important invention-language must take pride of place

Incompatible characteristics-paradox

Organised -let it arrange them in some very special orders

Universal-just about everybody

Silence-absence of a sound

Had a major impact on-transformed

Aspects of life-existence

A small number-twenty-five or thirty

Complex-an infinite variety of expressions

Nature-essence

Recording of events-documentation of history