TO 1 UTBK 2020

TPS Pengetahuan dan

Pemahaman Umum

Try Out 1
Durasi 20 menit

Petunjuk Pengerjaan Soal

Tipe A:
Pilih jawaban yang paling benar (A, B, C, D, atau E)
Questions 1 – 4 are based on the following passage.
Sometimes experience in other countries can help people to understand their own identity better.
Mahatma Gandhi was born 1869 at Porbandar in Western India. After studying in India, he dreamt of going
to England to study. He was told that his Hindu religion did not allow voyages abroad. However, Gandhi
was very determined and he finally left for England in 1887. At first he tried to learn to behave like an
English gentleman, but he soon learned that it was better to be himself. He studied law in London,
qualifying in 1891, he also learnt about other religions.
He returned home to India and worked as a lawyer for two years. After some problems, he was
offered a job in South Africa. Here he experienced racism as a member of the India community. He decided
to fight for the rights of Indians using “passive resistance”. He had three main beliefs, namely non-violence,
religious tolerance, and truth. When he finally returned to India in 1915, he became a great political leader.
During the fight for independence he was often put in prison, but his beliefs never changed.
Gandhi had studied in Britain, so he understood the British better than they understood him.
Gandhi’s leadership led to independence, but on Independence Day, 15 August, 1947, Gandhi refused to
celebrate. He was in favor of Hindu-Muslim unity but Muslims and Hindus could not agree, so a separate
Muslim state was formed in Pakistan. In 1948, Gandhi started fasting to death as a protest against fighting
between India and Pakistan. He was assassinated by a Hindu fanatic on 30 th January 1984. India and
Pakistan are still fighting in Kashmir today. The fight for independence was a difficult one, but not as the
fight for non-violence, religious tolerance and truth.

1. The following statements are true about Mahatma Gandhi, EXCEPT ….

(A) Mahatma Gandhi’s studying in Britain was against Hinduism principles
(B) Mahatma Gandhi believed in non-violence, religious tolerance, and truth
(C) Mahatma Gandhi learned and understood about some religions well
(D) Mahatma Gandhi fought hard for unity of his nation
(E) Mahatma Gandhi did not like the idea of Hindu-Muslim unity in India

2. The passage above mainly deals with Mahatma Gandhi’s ….

(A) search for principles of his three main beliefs
(B) fighting against racism in South Africa
(C) political career as an important national leader
(D) experience to identify his life principles
(E) political struggle for India’s independence

3. We can infer from the following statements about Mahatma Gandhi, EXCEPT ….
(A) He understood Hinduism and Islam equally well
(B) He knew well characteristics of the English people
(C) He had good knowledge about law issues
(D) He had the hardest time fighting for independence of his nation
(E) He experienced racism when he was in South Africa

4. The word non-violence in “he had three main beliefs, non-violence, religious tolerance and truth” (in
paragraph 2) can best be replaced by ….
(A) Favourable conducts
(B) Peaceful actions
(C) Religious prejudices
(D) Political spirits
(E) Passive behaviours
Questions 5 – 8 are based on the following passage.
The cause of tooth decay is acid, which is produced by bacteria in the mouth. The acid removes
minerals from tooth enamel, allowing tooth decay to begin: the saliva in your mouth encourages
remineralization and line neutralizes the acid. The rate at which bacteria in the mouth produce acid
depends on the amount of plaque on the teeth, the composition of the microbial flora, and whether the
bacteria of the plaque have been “primed” by frequent exposure to sugar. To keep your teeth healthy, a
regular dental hygiene program should be followed.
Removing plaque with a toothbrush and dental floss temporarily reduces the numbers of bacteria
in the mouth and thus reduces tooth decay. It also makes the surfaces of the teeth more accessible,
enabling saliva to neutralize acid and remineralize lesions. If fluoride is present in drinking water when
teeth are forming, some fluoride is incorporated into the enamel of the teeth, making them more resistant
to attack by acid. Fluoride toothpaste seems to act in another way, by promoting the remineralization of
early carious lesions.
In addition to a regular dental hygiene program, a good way to keep your teeth healthy is to reduce
your intake of sweet food. The least cavity-causing way to eat sweets is to have them with meals and not
between. The number of times you eat sweets rather than the total amount determines how much
harmful acid the bacteria in your saliva produce. But the amount of sweets that stay in your mouth a long
time. Also try to brush and floss your teeth after eating sugary foods. Even rinsing your mouth with water
is effective. Whenever possible, eat foods with fiber such as raw carrot sticks, apples, celery sticks, etc.,
that scrape off plaque, acting as a toothbrush. Cavities can be greatly reduced if these rules are followed
when eating sweets.

5. What does this passage mainly discuss?

(A) Good nutrition for your teeth
(B) Food and fiber
(C) Ways to keep your teeth healthy
(D) Fluoridization and cavities
(E) The problem of tooth decay

6. According to the passage, all of the following statements about plaque are correct, EXCEPT ….
(A) It consists of acid producing bacteria
(B) It relates to tooth decay
(C) It is not affected by eating sweets
(D) It can be removed from teeth by brushing and flossing
(E) It reduces the positive effect of saliva

7. We can infer from the passage that one benefit of fluoride to healthy teeth is …..
(A) It reduces the saliva production
(B) It stimulates saliva production
(C) It makes teeth be whiter
(D) It strengthens tooth enamel
(E) It is a replacement for brushing and flossing in dental care

8. The word “scrape off” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ….

(A) repel
(B) rub together with
(C) dissolve
(D) change
 (E) Remove

Questions 9 – 10 are based on the following passage.

Lichens, of which more than twenty thousand species have been named, are complex associations
between certain algae. The lichen itself is not an organism: rather it is the morphological and biochemical
product of the association. Neither a fungus nor an alga alone can produce lichen.
The intimate relationship between these two living components of lichen was once erroneously
thought to represent mutualism. In mutual relationships, both participants benefit. With lichens, however,
it appears the fungus actually parasitizes the algae. This is one of the conclusions drawn from
experiments in which the two components of lichens were separated and grown apart.
In nature, lichen fungi may encounter and grow around several kinds of algae. Some types of algae
may kill the fungi; other types it may reject. Lichen algae are autotrophic, meaning they make their own
food through photosynthesis. Lichen fungi are heterotrophic, meaning they depend upon the algae within
the lichen to supply their food. Up to ninety percent of the food made by the green alga cell is transferred
to the fungus. What, if anything, the fungus contributes to the association is not well understood.
Lichens are hardy. They grow in many habitats and are often pioneers in hostile environments
where few other organisms can flourish.
They have been known to grow endolithically, having been discovered thriving inside of rocks in
Antarctica. Lichen help reduce erosion by stabilizing soil. Several kinds of insect glue lichens to their
exoskeletons for camouflage.
Many species of birds use lichens as building materials for nests. Human have used lichens for dyes
and antibiotics.

9. What is the topic of the passage?

(A) Relationship between alga and fungus
(B) How lichen grows in nature
(C) Lichen’s endurance
(D) Fungus parasitizes alga
(E) Description of lichen

10. In Biology, mutualism occurs when two different organism live close together and ....
(A) one organism parasitizes the other
(B) both organisms benefit from the association
(C) both organisms are harmed by the association
(D) one organism benefits while the other does not or is harmed by the association
(E) the two organisms are separated by the association