Dermatology

Updates
RECENT TOPICS OF 2017-18 EXAMS

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NEVUS
‰‰ Nevus cells are derived from neural crests and proliferate abnormally, resulting in blackish-brown pigmented macules.
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‰‰ Most cases of the pigmentation that is commonly called lentigo are small nevocellular nevus.

Type
1. Spitz nevus (Epithelioid and
spindle-cell nevus, benign juvenile melanoma)
2. Becker's nevus (Becker's melanosis or Pigmented
ES
Features
ƒƒ Uncommon type of benign mole(benign melanocytic nevus).
ƒƒ Affects the epidermis and dermis.
ƒƒ Histological features may resemble melanoma i
ƒƒ Due to overgrowth of the epidermis (epidermal hyperplasia), pigment cells

AT
hairy epidermal nevus) (melanosomes/melanocytes), keratinocytes and hair follicles
ƒƒ Epidermal naevus or birthmark occurring mostly in adolescent males after M
puberty (Late-onset ) as a flat brown discolouration in which darker thicker
hairs may later grow (hypertrichosis)
ƒƒ Acne may develop
ƒƒ Treated by Q switched Nd or Ir: YAG laser
PD E
3. Reed naevus ƒƒ A type of Spitz naevus
ƒƒ Darkly pigmented type of Spitz naevus with starburst dermatoscopic pattern
4. Sutton nevus ƒƒ Nevus pigmentosus surrounded by leukodermas
5. Divided nevus ƒƒ Distribute predominantly on the upper and lower eyelids S
6. Nevus of Ota ƒƒ Blue or grey colaescing macules present at birth/adolescence . Common sites
are forehead, zygomatic,
U
TU
ƒƒ Periorbital
7. Nevi of Ito ƒƒ Blue or grey colaescing macules present at birth/adolescence over shoulder

8. Nevus spilus
and upper arm
ƒƒ Cafe-au lait macules (CALMs) superimposed with multiple ,small darker
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melanocytic lesions
9. Nevus achromicus
(Nevus depigmentosus)
ƒƒ Non-progressive hypopigmented macule usually seen before 3 years in
segmental pattern.
P
N

10. Nevus anemicus ƒƒ Vascular malformation d/to abnormal vascular tone.

11. Dysplastic nevus ƒƒ A slightly elevated, flat-topped patch >6 mm in diameter seen around puberty L
Dermatitis (Eczematous Lesions)
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Layer Age group Features Diagnosis
1. Atopic dermatitis (AD) Children ƒƒ White dermatographism.
ƒƒ Infantile pattern: In children <2 yr
ƒƒ Headlight sign/antenna sign+. Sign of M
Hertoghe or Queen Anne's sign is a thinning
extensors are involved + face,neck. or loss of the outer third of the eyebrows,
RE

ƒƒ In older children and adults flexural

skin (antecubital and popliteal fossa)
seen in hypothyroidism or dermatitis atopica.
ƒƒ Perioral pallor, Dennie’s line and Monk’s
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are involved.
crawl.
ƒƒ Family history of asthma, hay fever
(atopy) or allergic rhinitis is found.
ƒƒ Secondary infection is common with staph.
aureus.
N
ƒƒ Lichenoid lesions (common in infants).
ƒƒ There is eosinophilia and raised IgE →
Pruritus is hallmark.
(Contd...)
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These Updates are from Primes Supplement 2018
Dermatology
Updates
RECENT TOPICS OF 2017-18 EXAMS

PAGE
2

Layer Age group Features Diagnosis

2. Allergic contact ƒƒ Is a form of contact dermatitis which ƒƒ It occurs within a day or 2 of contact with the P
dermatitis (ACD) is characterised by rashes or lesions in allergen . Symptoms disappear when allergen
form of papules,blister or vesicles . is removed.
R

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ƒƒ It is confined to the area where the
triggering material comes in contact.
3. Asteatotic eczema / Elderly ƒƒ A form of inflammatory dermatitis
xerotic eczema seen in elderly.
ƒƒ Symptoms more in winter months.
i

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ƒƒ Occurs when the skin becomes
abnormally dry, itchy and cracked
(Eczema craquelé).
M
ƒƒ Involves lower legs.
4. Seborrheic dermatitis Children ƒƒ Is a common skin condition that
mainly affects scalp.
ƒƒ Seborrheic dermatitis can also affect oily
areas of the body, such as the face, sides of
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ƒƒ Patchy, red skin lesions are seen over the nose, eyebrows, ears, eyelids and chest.

5. Nummular eczema
(discoid dermatitis)
Middle aged
PD
scalp with stubborn dandruff.
ƒƒ Circular / oval coin like pruritic lesions
over trunk/ extensor surface of limbs S
in middle age males (M > F)

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TU
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P
N

L
CE

E
M
RE

E
N
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These Updates are from Primes Supplement 2018