Apparatus

Buffalo brain, dissection tools, surgical gloves, dissection board and surgical marks.

Procedure

Buffalo brain was preserved with help of formalin for 2 weeks so that the brain gets

harden .It was then washed by the water for removing chemical and placed it on dissecting

board. After placing the brain, the external surface of brain was observed from both sides.

(Anterior and posterior sides). Then brain was cut into mid sagittal section along the

longitudinal fissure by scalpel. This divides the brain into two parts that are almost mirror image

of each other. Then the internal part of the brain was viewed from mirror of half of the mid

sagittal section. Cerebellum was also cut into half along the vermes side to go through the

internal section of cerebellum.

Results

In the external examination of the brain, following part were sceen. One of the layers of the

meanings Pia mater was seen clearly. Blood vessels were sceen on the cerebral cortex. The

buffalo brain was first examined from its dorsal and ventral sides. The lobes of the brain were

identified and then cerebrum ,longitudinal fissure,lateral fissure,cerebellum,pons,medulla and

brain stem were identified. On the base of the brain, bands of the nerves coming from both the

eyes were crossing each other and entering in to the contralateral hemispheres forming optic

chiasm. On the posterior/caudal of the brain ,superior and inferior colliculi were observed

which constitute the tectum part of mid brain.

On the base of the brain , olfactory bulbs were visible but damaged. Which are larger isn

buffalo brain as compared to human brain. The external structure differences between cerebrum

and cerebellum were noticed. Cerebrum was found to have more prominent and several

convolutions named sulci and the bulging gyri.Contrary, cerebellum was smaller in size nearly
round in structure and smaller and less prominent gyri. The brain was then cut in to midsagittal

ssection and the two hemispheres were separated.

The pineal body was found to be a smaller rounded structure when the two hemispheres were

exposed. The cerebellum was also in the same way. The internal anatomy of the brain was

explored and corpus callosum was found to be the most prominent. Beneath it, lateral ventricle

was found and the lateral ventricle led to the third ventricle which in turn formed cerebral

aqueduct along the side of the pons. Above the outer edge of pons lied Hippocampus cerebral

aqueduct led to the smallest ventricle the fourth ventricle. Along the outer edge of corpus

callosum was cingulate gyrus and fornix was sceen as a bundle of axons in a bulging form of

grey color.

When the mid sagittal part was cut vertically, putamen, globuspallidus and caudate nucleus

were visible which are collectively known as the Basal Ganglia. After this cut both halves of the

brain were joined to get a clear view of the hippocampus and the lateral ventricle.

Differences and Similarities between Human Brain and Buffalo Brain:

Similarities:

All parts of buffalo shows that buffalo brain is similar to human brain. All these parts are

essential for sensory, motor and perceptual mechanisms.

Differences:

In the experiment, the experiment demonstrate the difference between human brain and

buffalo brain. The experiment it was analyzed that buffalo brain and human brain though similar

in many aspects also hold differences between them.

*The human brain is more rounded and larger in size as compared to buffalo brain which is

comparatively smaller.

*Human brain is erect position as compare to buffalo brain.

*The cerebellum typically controls human behavior and motor control, and a buffalo brain has

much smaller cerebellum than human brain, which shows that they have less motor control and

learning abilities.

*The pineal gland is larger and much visible in buffalos brain which is involved in controlling

reproduction and circadian rhythms, while human brain is less basic instinctual behavior

controls. So buffalo brain varies from human brain that indicates the difference.

|*The number of ridges and grooves-sulci and gyri are less in buffalo brain as compared to

human brain in which surface area is increased by numerous sulci and gyri..so this experiment

shows that human brain aspects are different than buffalo brain.