The sun is shining! I love you... It was raining when I looked out.

ve you... It was raining when I looked out. The trees turned green in the spring.
Present Continuous Present Simple Past Continuous Past Simple
Form Form Form Form
Irregular verbs: 2nd column, Regular verbs: -ed
I am driving. Am I driving? I am not driving. I drive. Do I drive? I don’t drive. I drove/helped. Did I drive/help? I didn’t drive/help.
I was driving. Was I driving? I wasn’t driving.
You are driving. Are you driving? You aren’t driving. You drive. Do you drive? You don’t drive. You drove/helped. Did you drive/help? You didn’t drive/help.
You were driving Were you driving? You weren’t driving.
He is driving. Is he driving? He isn’t driving. He drives. Does he drive? He doesn’t drive. He drove/helped. Did he drive/help? He didn’t drive/help.
He was driving. Was he driving? He wasn’t driving.
She is driving. Is she driving? She isn’t driving. She drives. Does she drive? She doesn’t drive. She drove/helped. Did she drive/help? She didn’t drive/help.
She was driving. Was she driving? She wasn’t driving.
It is driving. Is it driving? It isn’t driving. It drives. Does it drive? It doesn’t drive. It drove/helped. Did it drive/help? It didn’t drive/help.
It was driving. Was it driving? It wasn’t driving.

We are driving. Are we driving? We aren’t driving. We drive. Do we drive? We don’t drive. We drove/helped. Did we drive/help? We didn’t drive/help.
We were driving. Were we driving? We weren’t driving.
You are driving. Are you driving? You aren’t driving. You drive. Do you drive? You don’t drive. You drove/helped. Did you drive/help? You didn’t drive/help.
You were driving. Were you driving? You weren’t driving.
They are driving. Are they driving? They aren’t driving. They drive. Do they drive? They don’t drive. They drove/helped.Did they drive/help? They didn’t drive/
They were driving.Were they driving?They weren’t
driving. help.
BUT: (BE – am, is are)  BUT: (BE – was, were) 
Uses
1. Actions happening now or around now:
You are happy. Are you happy? You aren’t happy. Uses You were happy. Were you happy? You weren’t happy.

He is working now. Uses Uses

2. Temporary situations: 1.Actions which were going on for some time when
1. Routine or regular repeated actions: 1. Actions that /happenedfinished in the past at a definite
She is staying in London for a few days. something interrupted them:
She goes to work every day. time: He went to the cinema last night.
3. Personal future arrangements: She was reading when her mother came home.
2. Permanent situations: They live in this town. 2. Routines in the past:
We are leaving the city tomorrow. 2. Two actions happening at the same time:
3. Scientific facts: Bees make honey. I spoke a lot when I was a child.
4. Annoying habits: She was reading while her mother was watching TV.
4. With ‘state’ verbs not normally used in 3. When we list events:
He’s always losing his keys! 3.Temporary situations in the past:
continuous forms: feelings, thoughts They washed their hands, had dinner and went to sleep.
This time yesterday I was studying.

Example Example Example

Example

past now future Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun past 2 pm 2.15 pm now now
She is driving the car now. She drives the car every day. last week
She was driving the car while the music was on. She drove the car last week.
Time phrases Time phrases Time phrases Time phrases
now, at the moment, presently, today, tonight, never, hardly ever, rarely, sometimes, often, when, while yesterday, last (week, year...), (2 days, 7 years) ago
these days, this (week, weekend, month...) usually, always, every ( day, year...)
Spelling Spelling Spelling Spelling (regular verbs)
help + ing =helping run + ing = running helps, washes (ending in: s, ss, sh, ch, x, o) help + ing =helping run + ing = running help + ed= helped close + ed = closed
come + ing = coming agree + ing = agreeing try + s = tries (consonant + y) come + ing = coming agree + ing = agreeing try + ed = tried (consonant + y)
play + s = plays (vowel + y) play + ed = played (vowel + y)
 I have never flown by plane. He has been reading since 6 am. He had fallen asleep before the class started.

Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect

Form Form Form
Irregular verbs: 2nd column, Regular verbs: -ed
Irregular verbs: 2nd column, Regular verbs: -ed
I have been driving. Have I been driving. I haven’t been driving. I had driven/helped. Had I driven/helped. I hadn’t driven/helped.
I have driven/helped. Have I driven/helped. I haven’t driven/helped.
You have been driving. Have you been driving. You haven’t been driving. You had driven/helped. Had you driven/helped. You hadn’t driven/helped.
You have driven/helped. Have you driven/helped. You haven’t driven/helped.
He has been driving. Has he been driving. He hasn’t been driving. He had driven/helped. Had he driven/helped. He hadn’t driven/helped.
He has driven/helped. Has he driven/helped. He hasn’t driven/helped.
She has been driving. Has she been driving. She hasn’t been driving. She had driven/helped. Had she driven/helped. She hadn’t driven/helped.
She has driven/helped. Has she driven/helped. She hasn’t driven/helped.
It has been driving. Has it been driving. It hasn’t been driving. It had driven/helped. Had it driven/helped. It hadn’t driven/helped.
It has driven/helped. Has it driven/helped. It hasn’t driven/helped.

We have been driving. Have we been driving. We haven’t been driving. We had driven/helped. Had we driven/helped. We hadn’t driven/helped.
We have driven/helped. Have we driven/helped. We haven’t driven/helped.
You have been driving. Have you been driving. You haven’t been driving. You had driven/helped. Had you driven/helped. You hadn’t driven/helped.
You have driven/helped. Have you driven/helped. You haven’t driven/helped.
They have been driving. Have they been driving. They haven’t been driving. They had driven/helped. Had they driven/helped. They hadn’t driven/helped.
They have driven/helped. Have they driven/helped. They haven’t driven/helped.

Uses Uses Uses

1. Actions completed in the past but we DON’T KNOW WHEN:
He has gone home. 1.Actions that started in the past and is still happening: 1. Actions that happened before another action in the past:
2. Our life experience: I’ve never been to New York. I have been learning English since I was 10.
3. Actions that began in the past and continue until now: We had gone home before the party was over.
Mike has lived in Japan since 2001. THE ACTION IS IMPORTANT!
THE RESULT IS IMPORTANT!
Example
Example Example

past now future

past when? now future 7 am 10 am
past now future She had driven the car before she went shopping.
She has already driven the car. She has been driving the car for 3 hours.
Time phrases Time phrases Time phrases
already, yet, never, ever, recently, lately, since, for since, for before, after
Spelling (regular verbs) Spelling Spelling (regular verbs)
help + ed= helped try + ed = tried (consonant + y) help + ing =helping run + ing = running help + ed= helped try + ed = tried (consonant + y)
close + ed = closed play + ed = played (vowel + y) come + ing = coming agree + ing = agreeing close + ed = closed play + ed = played (vowel + y)
 I’ll call you tomorrow. I’m going to be a doctor when I grow up. Tom will be having an exam tomorrow at 3 pm
Future Simple Future ’going to’ Future Continuous
Form Form Form

I will/shall drive. Will/Shall I drive? I won’t/shan’t drive. I’m going to drive. Am I going to drive? I’m not going to drive. I will be driving. Will I be driving? I won’t be driving.
You will drive. Will you drive? You won’t drive. You’re going to drive. Are you going to drive? You aren’t going to drive. You will be driving. Will you be driving? You won’t be driving.
He will drive. Will he drive? He won’t drive. He’s going to drive. Is he going to drive? He isn’ going to drive. He will be driving. Will he be driving? He won’t be driving.
She will drive. Will she drive? She won’t drive. She’s going to drive. Is she going to drive? She isn’t going to drive. She will be driving. Will she be driving? She won’t be driving.
It will drive. Will it drive? It won’t drive. It’s going to drive. Is it going to drive? It isn’t going to drive. It will be driving. Will it be driving? It won’t be driving.

We will/shall drive. Will&Shall we drive? We won’t drive. We’re going to drive. Are we going to drive? We aren’t going to drive. We will be driving. Will we be driving? We won’t be driving.
You will drive. Will you drive? You won’t drive. You’re going to drive. Are you going to drive? You aren’t going to drive. You will be driving. Will you be driving? You won’t be driving.
They will drive. Will they drive? They won’t drive. They’re going to drive. Are they going to drive? They aren’t going to They will be driving. Will they be driving? They won’t be driving.
drive.
Will not= won’t Shall not = shan’t going to = gonna Will not= won’t Shall not = shan’t

Uses Uses Uses

1. Decission at the moment of speaking 1.Plans and intentions: 1. An action which will be happening for some time at a specific
(the phone is ringing) I will answer the phone. I am going to be a famous film star. moment in the future:
2. Facts She will be 17 next month. 2. Prediction when there’s evidence now: Don’t call me tomorrow at 10 am, I will be working (at that time)
3. General future Look at the clouds, it is going to rain.
In the future computers will replace teachers.

Example Example Example

past now future past now future past now 3.30 pm future
She will drive the car tomorrow. She’s going to drive the car next week. She will be driving the car tomorrow at 3.30 pm.
Time phrases Time phrases Time phrases
tomorrow, next (week, Sunday, year...), in (2015) tomorrow, next (week, Sunday, year...), in (2015)
tomorrow, next (week, Sunday, year...), in (2015)
Spelling Spelling Spelling
is = ’s is not = isn’t help + ing =helping run + ing = running
will / shall + infinitive
are = ’re are not = aren’t going to = gonna come + ing = coming agree + ing = agreeing