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Socsci2 Lesson 1 PDF
Socsci2 Lesson 1 PDF
Learning Outcomes:
1.1 Discuss the basic concepts of peace, conflict, violence and development
“Peace means dignity, well-being for all, not just absence of war “
– UN officials (September 9, 2014, High-level Forum on the
Culture of Peace, convened by the General Assembly)
Peace can be viewed in different perspectives and expressed in various ways. This is
so because all aspects of human life are revolving around some kind “order” or “harmony”
that keeps it moving, growing and evolving. The most common understanding of Peace
is manifested as a “societal friendship and harmony in the absence of hostility and
violence” (Union of International Associations, 2017).
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Now that we are aware of the other and more gruelling truth about the indirect or
structural violence, there is a greater challenge for peace advocates and peace-makers
that in order to achieve peace we must “eradicate all
facets of injustices” (Cheng and Kurtz, 1998).
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resources. Therefore, shortage of resources threatens lifestyles, rivalry for resources can
lead to aggression and violent conflict.
Since 2008, The Institute for Economics & Peace has assembled a significant body of
research on Positive Peace. The IEP has constructed the Pillars of Peace framework
consisting of eight factors that, when present in a society, contribute to high levels of
peace. They are statistically associated with social inclusion, better performance on
environmental measures, societies with levels of resilience and adaptability, higher
measures of wellbeing and stronger GDP growth (Partners for Peace – IEP. 2020). Indeed,
the peace researchers and educators agree that “countries with higher levels of peace
tend to be more resilient to external shocks, whether they are economic, geopolitical or
natural disasters” (Institute for Economics &Peace). According to Johan Galtung, “peace
does not mean the total absence of any conflict. It means the absence of violence in all
forms and the unfolding of conflict in a constructive way”.
“Peace therefore exists where people are interacting non-violently and are managing
their conflict positively – with respectful attention to the legitimate needs and interest of
all concerned”.
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The research defines 8 key Pillars that underpin peace; these Pillars are both
interdependent and mutually reinforcing, meaning that the relative strength of any one
Pillar has the potential to either positively or negatively influence peace.
8 Pillars of Peace:
Well-functioning government,
sound business environment,
equitable distribution of resources,
acceptance of the rights of others,
good relations with neighbours,
free flow of information,
high level of human capital,
Low levels of corruption
B. Levels of Peace
A. Personal Peace – “a state of calm, serenity and tranquility of mind that arise due to
having no sufferings or mental disturbances such as worry, anxiety, greed, desire,
hatred, ill-will, delusion and/or other defilements” (Gogava et al., 2018, p. 4).
B. Domestic Peace – peace that comes from mutual respect among family members;
mutual assistance among members of the family and household
C. Inter-Personal Peace - involves acceptance of differences and diversity among
people; resolving disagreements and conflicts non-violently, with dialog and
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From the lessons earlier, give an elaboration on your viewpoints on the questions
below. Please refer to our rubrics to be guided on how to present your answers:
1. With the increasing cases of COVID-19 cases in the Philippines, and the cure
or vaccine to fight it still not found, how do you think one could maintain a
sense of balance and tranquillity in his/her life? What are the specific
activities that you think will help a person maintain a sense of peace?
2. In your own understanding, how can the issue of environment affect or
influence the discussion of sustainable peace?
3. Reflecting on your own experiences, do you agree with people who would
not engage into confrontation just to “maintain peace” or the one who
would say “Yes na lng for peace”? Do you think this response would truly
maintain peace?
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Test Yourself
Exercise 1: True or False. Write the word TRUE if the given statement is correct and write
FALSE if the statement is false.
1. Peace can only be achieved through silencing of guns and ending wars.
4. Structural Violence are conditions that also cause sufferings and death to
people even without the presence of wars and armed conflict
7. Wars begin with the minds of mankind and so peace must involve changing
the way of thinking.
10. Peace requires social inclusion which tends to separate the interests of the
rich from the poor.
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Exercise 2
Draw an object or picture that would symbolize your idea or concept of Positive and
Negative Peace. Explain in 3 sentences why you chose such representation.
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Exercise 3
Reflect on your own experiences to identify the values that belong to each level of peace.
Write at least three values each circle.
Personal Peace
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Sources:
- Castro, L. & Galace, J. (2010). Peace Education: A Pathway to a culture of peace.
Quezon
City, Philippines. Center for Peace Education, Meriam College.
- https://news.un.org/en/story/2014/09/476992-peace-means-dignity-well-
being-all- not-
just-absence-
war-un
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace
- http://encyclopedia.uia.org/en/problem/155830
- https://www.partnersforpeace.com.au/institute-for-economics-and-peace/
- https://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/TJP.CHAP2.HTM#1
- http://visionofhumanity.org/sites/default/files/Pillars%20of%20Peace%20Repo
rt%2 0IEP.pdf
- https://positivepsychology.com/inner-peace-happiness/
- https://www.facebook.com/oregoniansforpeace/posts/interpers
onal- peaceinterpersonal-peace-involves-acceptance-of-
differences-and- di/1079481738804296/
- http://www.irenees.net/bdf_fiche-notions-
186_en.html#:~:text=Johan%20Galtung%2C%20the%20father%20of,'%20(e.g.%
20Ga
ltung%201996).&text=Peace%20does%20not%20mean%20the,conflict%20in%2
0a% 20constructive%20way.
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