Lab No.

6A

BAHRIA UNIVERSITY KARACHI CAMPUS

Department of Electrical Engineering

Power System Protection

LAB EXPERIMENT # 6A

Single Phase Voltage Transformer

OBJECTIVE

 Determining the transformation ratio of a voltage transformer for various primary

 voltages and investigating the influence of the load on the transformation ratio.
 To explain the terms ratio error (voltage error) and accuracy class

EQUIPMENTS

  1 IT 6016 Experiment transformer

  1 IT 6024 VT load
  1 IT 6045 Single-phase voltage transformer
 4 IT 6038 Moving-iron voltmeter

THEORY:
Voltage transformers (VT) in three-phase systems measure the voltage between two conductors
or the voltage between one conductor and earth.

Due to electrical isolation of the primary and secondary circuits, inductive transformers are also
preferred here. In accordance with standards, they supply a voltage of 100 V, or also 100 V/ 3,
on the secondary side in rated operation.

The rated transformation ratio:

U1N
KN  Eq6A.1

U
2N

is given as a fraction (e.g. 20,000 V/100 V) as is the case for current transformers. The following
figure shows the graphic symbol and connection of a voltage transformer.

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 Lab No. 6A

Figure 6A.1 - Graphic symbol and connection of a voltage transformer

Voltage transformers, like current transformers, must be grounded at one point on the secondary
side, in order to maintain clear-cut potential ratios.

There are single-pole (only one side isolated against high voltage) and two-pole types (both sides
isolated against high voltage), in accordance with the most common circuit types.

PROCEDURE:
 Assemble the circuit in accordance with the foregoing topographic diagram.
 Initially do not connect the VT load to the two secondary windings: this means that the
only load in the secondary side is the high-ohm one of the voltmeter.

 Do not forget that the voltage transformer must never be short-circuited on its secondary
side!

 Set the supply voltage 0 ÷ 250 V and starting from 0 V, increase the value of the supply
voltage to obtain the values U1 = 25 V to 225 V in steps of 25 V in the primary circuit of
the voltage transformer.

 Read off the corresponding voltages U2 in the secondary and U3 in the tertiary circuit;
enter these values in the following table.

Table 6A.1: Single Phase Voltage Transformer

U1 (V) 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225
U2 (V)
FU2 (%)
U3 (V)
FU3 (%)

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 Lab No. 6A

Calculate the voltage errors

Eq6A.2

Eq6A.3

and enter the results in the Table 6A.1. Determine the maximum voltage errors:

FU2max = ……… % FU3max = ……… %

Being S the apparent power drawn by the voltage transformer, the rated load at secondary and
tertiary circuit is

Eq6A.4

Eq6A.5

To study the influence of the load on the transformation ratio, now connect the fixed basic load
to tertiary and the variable load (330Ω min) to secondary, as illustrated in the topographic
diagram.

Set the primary voltage to U1 = 220 V and record the voltages U2 on the secondary side as a
function of the load.
Enter the measured values in the following table.

Load (%) 0 25 50 75 100

U2 (V)

Read off also the voltage U3 on the tertiary side:

U3 = ………. (V)

With the rated voltage applied to the primary side, calculate the apparent power drawn by the
two secondary windings when the secondary variable load is set to the minimum value of 330Ω
and the tertiary load is 220Ω:

S2 = ……… VA F3 = ……… VA

Compare the measured value with that specified in the transformer data

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 Lab No. 6A

CONNECTION DIAGRAM:

Figure 6A.2 – Connections of a single phase voltage transformer.

CONCLUSION:

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 Lab No. 6A

Lab Assessment Rubric # 6A

Needs Total
Category Excellent 8 Good 6 Satisfactory 4
improvement 2 (40)
Clearly describes the Adequately Describes the Cannot describe
objectives of lab. describes the objectives but the objectives of
Understands possible objectives, but misses some the lab, or what
Objectives and sources of errors and cannot discuss details. Cannot was learnt,
Results their effects. possible sources discuss possible sources of errors
Suggests ways to of errors and their sources of error or and their effects
minimize them. effects their effects

Circuit works Circuit performs Circuit performs Circuit does not

perfectly. All wires most the but output not give any output.
Circuit are attached. / Code functions, gives exactly as Most wires are
implementation works perfectly output./ Code expected. Some not connected/
/ software gives some errors connections not code not
coding done/ code gives compiled/ many
some correct output errors

Can clearly identify Adequately Describe the Cannot describe

the problems and identify the problem but cannot the problem, and
take steps to fix problems and suggest steps on has no effective
Trouble them. Uses an steps taken to fix how to solve them. strategy on how
Shooting effective strategy to them. Uses an Trouble shooting is to solve them.
solve problems effective strategy not consistent.
but misses some
details
Detailed results are Adequate results Some missing Most results are
Measurements shown for each step. are shown. 80% observations. 70% missing. Only
and 100% measurements measurements are results are correct 30%
Observations are correct correct measurements are
correct
Thorough Good Limited Shows incorrect
understanding of the understanding of understanding of understanding of
concepts underlying the concepts, the concepts. the concept.
the lab. Can apply it however cannot Cannot apply to Cannot find any
Conclusions
in real life situations apply them in real life situations usage of the
real life situations and suggest any knowledge.
use of the Cannot describe
knowledge what was learnt.

Lab No: 6A Total Marks: 40 Marks Obtained:

Signature:

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