THE PAPUA NEW GUINEA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY - DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATIONS - 2016 E321 — HYDRAULICS AND HYDROLOGY Thursday 13™ OCTOBER 2016- 12:50 PM ROOM: SLT TIME ALLOWED: 3 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS FOR STUDENTS 1. 2, You have ten (10) minutes to read this exam paper. You must not begin writing in the answer book. “There are 4 pages to this examination paper including the cover page and it has six (6) questions. You must attempt any four (4) questions from the 6 questions given. |. This examination is open book; you are allowed to use your lecture notes and other reference materials, however mobile phones and lap tops are not allowed. . All answers must be written on the answer booklet provided. . Write your name and student number clearly on the front page of each answer book used. DO THIS NOW. All questions carry equal marks Page 1 of 4UESTION 1 (20 Marks) swer the following three separate questions; a), b) and c) which are not connected ) Acircular sewer, 150mm in diameter is laid at a slope of 1.5%. Determine the velocity and the discharge in the pipe if the pipe is flowing full. Use the Manning Formula for n =0.008 (6 Marks) A circular concrete storm water pipe is 1200mm in diameter and is laid at a slope of 0.25%. The storm water in the pipe is flowing with a depth of 300mm. Determine the velocity and the discharge of the storm water in the pipe. (10 Marks) For the question in part b) solve for the velocity and the discharge using the Chezy formula. Use Chezy’s coefficient C that was simplified by Manning (4 Marks) )UESTION 2 (20 Marks) 1) Describe briefly; the uniform flow and non uniform flow including the parameters of the two types of flow. (5 Marks) For a rectangular section, show that a best hydraulic section is when the depth is half of the width, B =2d. (5 Marks) An irrigation canal constructed of earth material is to be designed to deliver 3026 litres per second of water, The cannel will be trapezoidal in shape, with side slopes 3.5 horizontal to 1 vertical. The depth of flow in the canal shall not exceed 710mm and the maximum permissible velocity for natural material is 0.95m/s. Determine the top and the bottom width of the channel and the longitudinal slope of the canal. (10 Marks) QUESTION 3 (20 Marks) Answer the following three separate questions; a), b) and c) which are not connected a) Water flows uniformly in a rectangular channel 1.5m wide with a bed slope of 1 in 2000 and a mean velocity of 0.85m/s. Determine the following: (8 Marks) i) Slope of the hydraulic grade line (2) ii) The head loss per 1000m (2) iil) The specific energy of the flow (4) b) At one section of a non-uniform flow in a rectangular section, the depth of flow upstream is 0.45m and the velocity is 1.6m/s. At 200m downstream, the depth of water is the depth of water is 0.6m. If the bed slope is 1 in 2500, determine the energy slope and the head loss in meters between the two section, The width of the section is constant between the two sections (6 Marks) Page 2 of 4uestion 3, continued .. ) Ahydraulic jump occurs in a channel that is 3m wide, if the downstream depth is measured to be 0.6m and the discharge is 1.5m°/s, determine the following: (6 Marks) i) The upstream depth (2) ii) The upstream and downstream velocity (2) . iil) The energy dissipated per second in the hydraulic jump. (2) )UESTION 4 (20 Marks) . power pump was tested at a rotational rate of 1500 rpm. The following data was obtained, Q Is the ate of flow in liters per second, H is the head of water in metres and 1 is the efficiency. Qs) 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 H(m) 75 775 75 66 50. 20 n 0.00 0.40 0.64 0.72 0.64 0.40 tis proposed to use this pump in a system where it draws water from an open sump to an elevation of {0.0m vertically above, The delivery pipe is 1050m long and 375mm in diameter, and a friction factor A of },014. If the operating speed is 1500 rpm, determine 3) The maximum discharge that the pump can provide in this system. (15) 3) The pump efficiency at this discharge. (2) 5) The input power required. (3) QUESTION 5 (20 Marks) Part I (14 Marks) A centrifugal pump runs at 1300 RPM and delivers 20litres per second. The impelier diameter at exit and entry are 0.3m and 0.15m respectively. There is no whirl velocity at the entry to the impeller and the head imparted to the water by the impeller is 10.0m. a) Draw the velocity vectors at the entry and the exit blades of the impeller. Identify all angles and the velocity components (5) b) Calculate the vane exit angle ( 5) ©) Calculate the entry angle to the blade (4) Part I (6 Marks) Ina hydro-electricity scheme a 200mm diameter pipe will be used as a penstock. The discharge will be 100 litres per second and the vertical height of drop is 20m. If the length of the penstock is 40m and the friction factor is 0.012 a) Determine the power input from water entering the turbine (4) b) Ifthe turbine generates 15 kW of power , what is the efficiency (2) Page 3 of 4QUESTION 6 (20 Marks) (a) Describe the Hydrological Cycle and each of its principal processes ~ namely: Evaporation, Transpiration, and Evapotranspiration Condensation Precipitation Runoff - Overland flow and Channel flow Infiltration and Percolation Groundwater Flow (12 Marks) (b) Describe the main meteorological data that are collected in relation to hydrological studies. (8 Marks) End of Examination Page 4 of 4