THE PAPUA NEW GUINEA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATIONS - 2015 E321 — HYDRAULICS AND HYDROLOGY Thursday 4™ JUNE 2015- 12:50 PM ROOM: RKL THEATRE TIME ALLOWED: 3 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS FOR STUDENTS: 1, You have ten (10) minutes to read this exam paper. You must not begin writing in the answer book. 2. There are 4 pages to this exam paper including the cover page and have six (6) questions. 3. You must attempt any four (4) questions from Question 1 to Question 5. Question 6 is compulsory and must be attempted. 4, This exam is open book, you are allowed to use your lecture notes and other reference materials, mobile phones and lap tops are not allowed. 5. All answers must be written on the answer booklet provided. 6. Write your name and student number clearly on the front page of each answer book used. DO THIS NOW. 7. Allquestions carry equal marks Page 1 of 4QUESTION 1 (20 Marks) a) A circular sewer, 150mm in diameter is laid at a slope of 1.5%. Determine the velocity and the discharge in the pipe if the pipe is flowing full. Use the Manning Formula for n =0.008 (6 Marks) b) A circular concrete stormwater pipe is 1200mm in diameter and is laid at a slope of 0.25%. The storm water in the pipe is flowing with a depth of 300mm. Determine the velocity and the discharge of the stormwater in the pipe. (10 Marks) c) For the question in part b) solve for the velocity and the discharge using the Chezy formula. Use Chezy’s coefficient C that was simplified by Manning (4 Marks) QUESTION 2 (20 Marks) a) Describe briefly; the uniform flow and non uniform flow including the parameters of the two types of flow. (5 Marks) b) For a rectangular section, show that a best hydraulic section is when the depth is half of the width, B=2d. (5 Marks) ¢) An irrigation canal constructed of earth material is to be designed to deliver 3026 litres per second of water. The cannel will be trapezoidal in shape, with side slopes 3.5 horizontal to 1 vertical. The depth of flow in the canal shall not exceed 710mm and the maximum permissible velocity for natural material is 0.95m/s. Determine the top and the bottom width of the channel and the longitudinal slope of the canal. (10 Marks) QUESTION 3 (20 Marks) a) Water flows uniformly in a rectangular channel 1.5m wide with a bed slope of 1 in 2000 and a mean velocity of 0.85m/s. Determine the following: (8 Marks) i) Slope of the hydraulic gradeline (2) ii) The head loss per 1000m (2) ii) The specific energy of the flow (4) b) At one section of a non-uniform flow in a rectangular section, the depth of flow upstream is 0.45m and the velocity is 1.6m/s. At 200m downstream, the depth of water is the depth of water is 0.6m. If the bed slope is 1 in 2500, determine the energy slope and the head loss in meters between the two section. The width of the section is constant between the two sections (6 Marks) Page 2 of 4Question 3, continued .. c) A hydraulic jump occurs in a channel that is 3m wide, if the downstream depth is measured to be 0.6m and the discharge is 1.5m?/s, determine the following: (6 Marks) i) The upstream depth (2) ii) The upstream and downstream velocity (2) iii) | The energy dissipated per second in the hydraulic jump. (2) QUESTION 4 (20 Marks) In a canal 2m wide , water is flowing over a broad crested weir spanning the entire rectangular width of the canal. The depth of flow over the weir is 0.2m. The weir is 0.8m deep and the coefficient of discharge C is 1.5. The slope of the canal is 1 in 1000 and its Manning n is 0.02. Determine the following: a) The discharge over the weir in m?/s. (2) b) The critical depth of flow in the canal. (2) c) The normal depth of flow in the canal identify the type of flow profile(6) d) Using intervals of 50m, calculate the depth of water at 200m upstream. You will need to tabulate your answers (10) QUESTION 5 (20 Marks) A power pump was tested at a rotational rate of 1500 rpm. The following data was obtained, Q is the rate of flow in liters per second, H is the head of water in metres and n is the efficiency. [Q (Us) 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50, H(m) 10.0 10.5 10.0 8.5 6.0 25 1 0.00 0.40 0.64 072 | 0.64 0.40 It is proposed to use this pump in a system where it draws water from an open sump to an elevation of 6.0m vertically above. The delivery pipe is 15.0m long and 150mm in diameter, and a friction factor A of 0.025. If the operating speed is 1500 rpm, determine a) The maximum discharge that the pump can provide. (15) b) The pump efficiency at this discharge. (2) c) The input power required. (3) Page 3 of 4QUESTION 6 (20 Marks) (a) Describe the Hydrological Cycle and each of its principal processes — namely: Evaporation, Transpiration, and Evapotranspiration Condensation Precipitation Runoff — Overland flow and Channel flow Infiltration and Percolation Groundwater Flow (12 Marks) (b) Describe fully any processes in the Hydrologic Cycle in which the water moves against gravity — ie upwards. Describe the forces and mechanisms that are causing this movement against gravity. End of Examination Page 4 of 4 (8 Marks)