Electrical and Computer Engineering —ELEC 301 Tevesia, Nooo, ané Miler —P3.1 Thevenin's Theorem: A portion of a network (see Figure 1) may be represented by an equivalent voltage source V, and an equivalent impedance Z,. V, and Z, the Thevenin equivalent voltage source and impedance, respectively, are obtained by opening the circuit at the terminals across which they are desired. Simply measure (calculate) V, across the two terminals. Then short-circuit all independent voltage sources, open- circuit all independent current sources, set all initial conditions to zero, check that there is no other coupling between the two parts of the network, and calculate Z,. Let the network consist of two parts, A and B, which are connected as shown in Figure 1 (there is no other coupling between A and B than what is shown). We wish to replace A with its Thevenin equivalent circuit. (OiVicolas A. F. Jaeger. Not to be copied, used, or revised without explicit written permission from the copyright owner. o Electrical and Computer Engineering — ELEC 301 — Thevenin, Norton, and Miller —P 3.2 To obtain the Thevenin equivalent voltage we disconnect A from B and measure (calculate) V,, as shown in Figure 2. o + 7 2 vt Figure 2. ONicolas A. F. Jaeger. Not to be copied, used, or revised without explicit written permission from the copyright owner,o Electrical and Computer Engineering —ELEC 301 Thevenia, Norton, nd Miller —P3.3 To obtain the Thevenin equivalent impedance, Z,, we connect a test voltage source, Vres, to A and measure the current into A, Iyes, a8 shown in Figure 3. Test Viest Test Figure 3. ‘GNicolas A. F, Jeger. Not to be copied, used, or revised without explicit written permission from the copyright owner, Electrical and Computer Engineering —ELEC 301 thevenin, Noton, and Miller —P'34o Electrical and Computer Engineering —ELEC 301 Thevenin, Norton, ané Miler —P 35 Norton's Theorem: A portion of a network (see Figure 5) may be represented by an equivalent current source I, and an equivalent admittance Y,. I, and Y,, the Norton equivalent current source and admittance, respectively, are obtained by opening the circuit at the terminals across which they are desired. Simply measure (calculate) I,, by shorting the two terminals. Then short-circuit all independent voltage sources, open- circuit all independent current sources, set all initial conditions to zero, check that there is no other coupling between the two parts of the network, and calculate Y,. Let the network consist of two parts, A and B, which are connected as - shown in Figure 5 (there is no other coupling between A and B than what is shown). We wish to replace A with its Norton equivalent circuit. ONicolas A. F, Jaeger. Not to be copied, used, or revised without explicit written permission from the copyright owner. @ Hlectrical and Computer Engineering —ELEC 301 teen Noro adNae—P36 To obtain the Norton equivalent current we disconnect A from B and measure (calculate) I, as shown in Figure 6.3 Electrical and Computer Engineering — ELEC 301 _ Thevenin, Norton, and Miller —P 3.7 To obtain the Norton equivalent admittance, Y,, we connect a test current source, I;., to A and measure the voltage across A’s terminals, Vie, aS shown in Figure 7. ‘ONicolas A. F. Jaeger. Not to be copied, used, or revised without explicit written permission from the copyright owner. o Electrical and Computer Engineering — ELEC 301 Thevenin, Norton, and Miller —P 3.8 Now we replace A with I, and Y, as shown in Figure 8. Figure 8.o Electrical and Computer Engineering —ELEC 301 Thevein, Norton, and Miler —P3.9 Miller's Theorem: Given a network with a feedback impedance and in which V2 = kV), like the one shown in Figure 9, we may replace Z with two impedances Z, and Z, x a, ‘ONicolas A. F. Jaeger. Not to be copied, used, or revised without explicit written permission from the copyright owner. o Electrical and Computer Engineering — ELEC 301. Tueveni, Norton, and Miler —P 3.10 1 - k ' = 2 and 2 = 2 , see Figure 10. Figure 10. Z, and Z, have the same I-V characteristics as Z at nodes 1 and 2, respectively. By this we mean that Z, draws the same current from node 1 as Z did, call this current I,, and Z, draws the same current from node 2 as Z did, call this current I).